Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily relates to sensations of burning, thirst, and intense feelings like impatience or strong winds. It describes a burning sensation, the intense thirst of hunger, and a state of being weary or impatient. It also extends to describing a strong, driving wind.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of elevation, reaching a peak, and duration, often applied to time, physical objects, or abstract qualities. It also extends to meanings of deception, strength, and enjoyment or provision.

This root primarily describes an unpleasant or ugly gait, particularly for women. It also extends to refer to a specific type of unpleasant animal.

This root primarily relates to a mixture of dates and milk, and by extension, to foolishness and slowness. It also encompasses terms for specific food preparations, individuals with certain characteristics, and historical figures.

This root primarily relates to objects used for scooping or containing, specifically a hollowed coconut shell. It also extends to terms for small fish and place names.

This root primarily concerns the act of revealing or concealing information, often with a connotation of dishonesty or betrayal. It also extends to meanings related to bodily fluids, deception, and instability.

This root primarily concerns concepts of fertility, abundance, and growth, particularly in relation to land and sustenance. It extends to meanings of excess, speed, and even fear or throwing away.

This root primarily concerns rapid movement, tearing, and division. It extends to concepts of speed in animals, the act of shredding or pulling apart, and the distribution or partitioning of something. Figuratively, it can also denote intense emotional distress or anger.

This root appears to relate to concepts of wind, movement, and endurance. It describes a specific type of wind and also terms for a person who travels extensively and is strong enough to do so.

The root مشع (m-sh-ʿ) primarily relates to the concept of taking or extracting something, often quickly or stealthily. It extends to actions like tearing, chewing, milking, and even striking. Figuratively, it can mean to clear away or to satisfy oneself.

This root primarily deals with concepts of movement, disappearance, and eating. It describes going away and becoming lost, as well as a specific manner of eating with the front of the mouth. It also extends to describing a camel's udder that is full of milk.

This root primarily relates to the concept of smoothing, lubricating, or making something sleek. It extends to meanings of consuming or licking something clean, following something closely, and delaying or falling behind.

The root 'مع' primarily relates to accompaniment, togetherness, and presence. It extends to concepts of mixing, intensity, and hardship, particularly in contexts of heat, conflict, and difficult situations. The root also encompasses abstract notions of unity and collective action.

This root primarily relates to intense drinking and consuming, extending to the idea of thoroughness and reaching a goal. It also encompasses a sense of color change due to distress and a specific animal ailment.

This root primarily describes vast, barren, or distant flat lands. It also encompasses concepts of swiftness in animals, particularly camels and horses, and actions related to swift movement or stealthy taking.

This root primarily concerns the concept of preventing, withholding, or denying something. It extends to ideas of being strong, impregnable, or inaccessible, and also encompasses specific terms for a type of crab and geographical locations.

This root pertains to the beginning or early stages of something, particularly youth. It signifies the initial period of growth and development.

This root primarily describes a change in facial color due to a severe event or emotion. It is also linked to the concept of a clear, wide path, though this connection is debated.

This root primarily describes the concept of flowing, melting, or spreading, often in a smooth or liquid manner. It extends to the swift movement of a horse, the initial stages of youth or day, and specific aromatic substances derived from plants.

This root primarily concerns the emergence and flowing of water, specifically from a source. It also extends to geographical locations, types of trees, and metaphorical uses related to good judgment and desire.

This root primarily describes the slow or intermittent oozing or expulsion of fluids, such as blood from a wound, water from a spring, or sweat from the body. It can also refer to vomiting or a combination of vomiting and bleeding.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something being beneficial, effective, or palatable, especially regarding food, drink, and advice. It also extends to seeking sustenance, particularly pasture, and related actions like providing water or administering remedies.

This root primarily relates to the concept of piercing, cutting, or extracting, often with a violent or forceful connotation. It extends to meanings of sincerity, purity, and also includes terms for anatomical parts and geographical locations.

This root primarily deals with the concept of following base or ignoble characteristics, particularly in a moral or ethical sense. It can also extend to describing specific actions or states related to animals.

This root pertains to something emerging or coming out, particularly in the context of water or sweat. It describes the act of expulsion or outflow.

The root 'نزعه' primarily deals with the concept of pulling, extracting, or removing something. This extends to abstract ideas like pulling away from something, longing for something, or resembling someone. It also encompasses actions related to archery, drawing water, and a horse's gait, as well as the state of being uprooted or estranged.

This root primarily relates to stretching, lengthening, and extending, often in the context of physical attributes like necks, backs, or limbs. It also encompasses concepts of spreading out, departing, and the passage of time, as well as specific geographical and meteorological terms.

This root primarily concerns the act of forcefully taking or extracting something. It extends to concepts of administering something orally, imparting knowledge, experiencing near-death, and a state of being obsessed or addicted.

This root primarily concerns purity, clarity, and intense whiteness. It extends to concepts of sincerity, truthfulness, and the act of giving birth. It also encompasses specific geographical locations and objects of extreme whiteness.

This root primarily relates to concepts of covering, spreading, and protection, often associated with leather or hides. It extends to geographical locations, specific parts of the mouth, and abstract qualities like purity or affectation in speech and action.

This root primarily relates to weakness, slowness, and a specific herb. It describes a weak man, a type of mint with medicinal properties, and a long, thin, or relaxed physical attribute. It also encompasses concepts of distance, agitation, and speech impediments.

This root primarily concerns the concept of benefit, usefulness, and profit. It extends to actions that bring about good, the state of being beneficial, and specific instances or forms of advantage. It also includes derived terms for people known for their beneficence and geographical or personal names.

This root primarily concerns actions of hastening, repelling, or withholding, often with a sense of urgency or difficulty. It also extends to descriptions of physical characteristics like shortness, redness, and facial features, as well as certain plants and colors.

This root primarily concerns categorization, kinds, and types, distinguishing specific varieties from broader categories. It also extends to meanings of inclination, movement, and physical states like hunger and thirst.

This root pertains to the act of vomiting, specifically a forceful expulsion of stomach contents. It distinguishes this action from simple belching or regurgitation.

This root primarily relates to the concept of bending, yielding, or inclining, often in a gentle or soft manner. It can describe physical bending of objects like branches or metaphorical bending of will or opinion.

This root primarily relates to the concept of movement, specifically the unsteady or fluctuating movement of a soft spot on an infant's head. It also extends to the idea of something being a source of trouble or a place of habitation.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pain, illness, and suffering. It encompasses physical ailments, emotional distress, and expressions of grief or complaint. The root also extends to related concepts like medicine and specific types of beverages.

This root primarily relates to concepts of leaving, resting, and tranquility. It encompasses terms for leaving someone or something behind, a state of ease and comfort, and objects associated with protection or adornment. It also includes place names and personal names derived from these meanings.

This root primarily describes the flowing or gushing of water. It also extends to the source of such water, particularly when it flows over rocks.

This root primarily concerns piety, abstinence, and caution, particularly in religious matters. It extends to meanings of fear, timidity, weakness, and also encompasses concepts of guidance, appearance, and conversation.

The root 'wz' relates to restraint, prohibition, and distribution. It encompasses concepts of holding back, preventing, and dividing things. It also extends to meanings of temptation, inspiration, and leadership, particularly in the context of preventing wrongdoing.

This root primarily concerns the concept of spaciousness, capacity, and abundance. It extends to the ability to bear or tolerate something, and in its derived forms, it can refer to wealth, capability, and generosity. It also encompasses the opposite of constriction or difficulty.

This root primarily relates to covering, weaving, and constructing barriers or structures. It also extends to concepts of spreading, ascending, and adornment, with a specific proper noun derivation.

This root primarily relates to small birds, specifically sparrows, and their sounds or young. It also extends to a metaphorical usage describing a specific posture or action related to the ground.

The root 'wḍʿ' primarily concerns the act of placing, setting down, or depositing something. It extends to concepts of lowering, reducing, or abating, as well as yielding or giving birth. Figuratively, it can mean to fabricate, to be base or ignoble, or to incur loss.

This root primarily relates to sounds, particularly animal noises like wolves and dogs, and also encompasses concepts of eloquence, weakness, and vigilance. It describes various types of animals, individuals with specific traits, and collective gatherings.

This root primarily relates to pieces of cloth or material used for specific purposes, such as holding fire, sealing, or wiping. It also extends to terms for young people and elevated structures or hopeful signs.