Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

The root 'rafa'a' (رفعه) primarily denotes the concept of lifting, raising, or elevating something. This encompasses physical elevation, increasing status or value, and also extends to abstract notions like ascending in rank, carrying crops, or even the intensity of sound. It can also refer to the opposite of placing something down.

This root primarily concerns the concept of patching, mending, and joining things together, often with pieces of material. It extends to meanings of speed, striking with a weapon, and even to descriptions of plants, places, and people, sometimes metaphorically.

This root primarily concerns the act of bowing, bending, or inclining, especially in the context of prayer. It extends to meanings of falling, stooping, and a decline in status or condition. It also has specific applications related to prayer rituals and geographical features.

The root رمع (rmʿ) primarily relates to movement, particularly quick or sudden motion, and also encompasses concepts of growth, appearance, and specific ailments or conditions. It describes physical actions like shaking, nodding, and rapid travel, as well as the development of infants and changes in a woman's appearance.

This root primarily relates to the concept of change, fading, and wilting, particularly concerning colors or physical states. It also extends to meanings of playful movement, sounds associated with play, and abundance or prosperity.

This root primarily concerns fear, terror, and alarm, encompassing the emotional state and its physical manifestations. It also extends to concepts of admiration, beauty, understanding, and the heart or mind as the seat of these feelings. Derived terms describe the act of frightening, being frightened, and the qualities of being admirable or intelligent.

This root primarily concerns concepts of growth, increase, and return. It also extends to elevated or open places, the prime or best part of something, and a sense of hesitation or stopping.

This root primarily relates to intense anger, fury, and the associated turbulent or destructive phenomena. It also encompasses terms for something small, insignificant, or a specific type of footwear edge, as well as a name for a demon or jinn leader.

This root primarily relates to the act of sexual intercourse, specifically the forceful or rapid engagement. It also extends to describe someone who is quick or swift in their actions.

This root appears to be primarily used as a proper noun, specifically a personal name. It does not seem to have broader semantic applications or derived forms commonly found in classical Arabic dictionaries.

The root 'zar'a' (زرع) primarily concerns the act of planting seeds and cultivating crops. It extends to encompass the resulting produce, the place of cultivation, and metaphorically, offspring and growth. The root also touches upon concepts of acquisition and inclination towards negative actions.

This root primarily concerns the concept of shaking, moving, or being disturbed. It extends to describe violent winds, hardships, and the act of moving or being moved intensely. It also has specific applications related to military formations and a type of sweet confection.

This root primarily relates to sounds and vocalizations, particularly those associated with animals. It encompasses the act of defecating with a loud noise, the crowing of a rooster, and the chirping of young birds.

This root appears to describe a person who is evasive or deceptive in their speech, possibly using indirect or misleading language.

This root primarily describes conditions of cracking, splitting, or festering in the skin, particularly on the feet and hands. It also extends to meanings of destruction, theft, and burning, as well as specific geographical and zoological terms.

This root primarily deals with protrusions, growths, or excess parts, often on animals, and by extension, refers to small, narrow channels or insignificant people. It also encompasses concepts of decisiveness, haste, and astonishment.

This root appears to be primarily a proper noun, referring to a specific tribe or lineage. It does not seem to have broader semantic extensions or common derived forms in classical Arabic.

This root primarily relates to movement, turning, and separation. It describes actions like urging a camel forward, bending something, or tearing meat from bone. It also encompasses concepts of a portion, a light tremor, and the gathering of plants by wind.

This root appears to relate to adornment and preparation. It describes the act of adorning a woman and the state of being adorned or prepared.

The root 'sab'a' (سبعة) primarily relates to the number seven and its multiples. It extends to concepts of predation, specific locations, and time periods, often with classical or specialized meanings.

This root describes a person who is quick and decisive in their actions, as well as someone who is withdrawn or hesitant. It encompasses notions of speed, efficiency, and sometimes a lack of outward engagement.

This root primarily concerns rhyming speech, prose that is metrically arranged, or speaking with a consistent rhythm and rhyme. It extends to the sound of a dove and can metaphorically describe something well-proportioned or a camel's gait.

This root primarily concerns the concept of striking or impacting something forcefully. It extends to meanings of slaughtering, spreading out, and experiencing severe misfortune or a harsh blow. It also relates to guidance and a path forward.

This root describes a specific type of intense, fearful running or fleeing. It conveys a sense of panicked haste and rapid movement driven by fear.

This root primarily concerns the concept of speed, quickness, and haste, contrasting with slowness. It extends to encompass swiftness in action, particularly in divine contexts, and also refers to specific natural phenomena, plants, and even parts of a bow.

This root appears to relate to sour wine or fermented beverages. The primary term describes the souring of wine, and related terms might denote the wine itself or the process of souring.

This root primarily relates to rising, ascending, and spreading, often associated with light, scent, or dust. It also extends to concepts of striking, loudness, and physical attributes like height and length, particularly in the context of objects and animals.

This root primarily relates to types of grain, specifically rye or barley, and also encompasses concepts of decline, decay, and the passage of time. It extends to describe a sickly appearance and the aging process.

The root سفع primarily relates to striking, slapping, or marking, often with a connotation of harshness or a forceful touch. It extends to concepts of scorching, seizing, and branding, as well as physical descriptions like sunken eyes or a dark complexion.

This root appears to be a weak or less common linguistic variant. It is presented as a variant for another word, suggesting it might relate to a sound or a type of action, but its specific semantic field is not clearly defined due to its limited usage.

This entry discusses a loanword, likely of Abyssinian origin, referring to a specific type of fermented beverage. It is described as a drink made from maize or barley and grains, popular in the Hejaz region.

This root primarily relates to sounds, actions of eating or striking, and movement or disappearance. It also encompasses terms for specific birds, parts of clothing, and geographical locations.

This root describes the act of wandering aimlessly, being lost, and deviating from the right path. It encompasses both physical disorientation in unfamiliar lands and metaphorical straying into falsehood or error.

This root appears to describe features of terrain and physical characteristics of people, specifically focusing on smoothness and height. It also touches upon unusual or erratic speech patterns.

The root السلع primarily relates to splitting, cracking, or fissures, particularly in the feet or in the ground. It also extends to meanings of harshness, bitterness, or unpleasantness, and can refer to specific geographical locations, plants, or physical ailments.

This root primarily describes boldness, courage, and forwardness, often associated with strong or aggressive actions. It can also refer to negative traits like rudeness and ill temper, and specifically denotes a bold female camel or a female dog.

This root appears to relate to concepts of barrenness, emptiness, and intense heat, often associated with desolate places or the effects of the sun.

This root primarily describes noble, generous, and brave individuals. It also extends to encompass swiftness, sharp objects like swords, and specific names of people and animals.

This root primarily concerns the faculty of hearing, the ear itself, and the act of perceiving sound. It extends to encompass reputation, fame, and the act of making something heard or known, often with connotations of obedience or obedience to commands.

This root appears to be primarily used as a proper name, specifically for a historical figure. It does not seem to have broader semantic applications or derived forms commonly used in classical or modern Arabic beyond this specific designation.

This root primarily refers to a wolf, a creature often associated with cunning and malice. It is also used metaphorically to describe a wicked or treacherous person.

This root primarily relates to beauty, comeliness, and excellence, often associated with physical attractiveness and grace. It also extends to concepts of height, elevation, and specific anatomical terms.

This root primarily relates to concepts of time, particularly the present moment or a specific hour. It also extends to notions of abandonment, loss, and a specific idol.

This root primarily concerns the concept of flowing, running, or moving freely, often applied to water, liquids, or animals. It also extends to concepts of movement over distance, and in derived forms, to materials used for coating or sealing.

This root appears to relate to concepts of closeness or proximity, as well as the tongue or language. It also encompasses the idea of a calamity or a significant, overwhelming event.

This root primarily concerns the state of being full or satisfied after eating, contrasting with hunger. It extends to concepts of abundance, fullness in a physical sense (like a limb or jewelry), and also metaphorical fullness or excess.

This root pertains to the concept of being distressed or agitated, particularly due to illness or hunger. It describes a state of suffering and unease.

This root primarily concerns bravery, courage, and fortitude, especially in the face of danger. It extends to related concepts like strength of heart, boldness, and even physical attributes like speed or a certain type of serpent. The root also encompasses terms for specific tribal lineages and anatomical parts.

This root primarily relates to things that are long or tall, particularly in a physical sense. It also extends to objects associated with carrying or support, such as a bier or a long, square wooden beam.