Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns existence, being, and becoming. It encompasses the concept of 'to be' in various tenses and moods, signifying permanence, past existence, future potential, and transformation. It also extends to notions of occurrence, happening, and the state of being.

This root primarily relates to existence, being, and the concept of time or a specific period. It encompasses notions of presence, occurrence, and the formation of things, as well as specific temporal markers.

This root primarily relates to the female genitalia, specifically the inner parts and the clitoris. It also extends to concepts of submission, humility, and a state of distress. Additionally, it encompasses interrogative and quantitative particles similar to 'how many'.

This root primarily concerns milk, its production, and related concepts. It extends to terms for things that resemble milk, building materials, and even abstract notions like sustenance and spiritual intoxication.

This root appears to describe a quality of sweetness or pleasantness, particularly in taste. It is noted as a dialectal term from Yemen, signifying something agreeable and sweet.

The root 'لجن' primarily relates to the act of crushing, mixing, and mashing plant matter, particularly leaves, often with other ingredients like flour or seeds, to feed animals. It also extends to concepts of stickiness, sliminess, and uncleanness, as well as a specific type of stubbornness or immobility in animals.

This root primarily concerns melody, tune, and musicality, encompassing the art of singing, chanting, and vocal embellishment. It also extends to the characteristic style or manner of expression, whether in music, speech, or writing, and can refer to a specific way of performing or interpreting something.

This root primarily concerns unpleasant odors and tastes, often associated with decay or corruption. It extends to describe things that have gone bad, such as spoiled food, improperly treated leather, or even unpleasant speech. It also has specific applications related to bodily hygiene and appearance.

This root appears to relate to concepts of elevation, high places, or perhaps something that grows or is found in elevated or specific locations. It also touches upon medicinal substances and natural phenomena like dew.

The root لسن primarily relates to the tongue, speech, language, and eloquence. It extends to encompass messages, praise, and even specific tools or plants that resemble a tongue in shape.

This root appears to relate to the color yellow, specifically a shade of yellow associated with something being pale or faded.

The root لعن (la'ana) primarily denotes cursing, invoking divine displeasure, and expressing strong disapproval. It extends to concepts of banishment, expulsion from grace, and divine punishment. Figuratively, it can refer to something or someone deserving of such condemnation, or even to a physical object used to ward off evil.

This root primarily relates to anatomical parts within the throat and mouth area, specifically fleshy structures near the uvula and jaw. It also extends to meanings of unusual or corrupted language, and in a less common usage, refers to the nose or a type of plant growth. Some derived forms also appear as dialectal variations of 'perhaps'.

This root appears to relate to the nasal passages or nostrils. It is primarily used in classical Arabic to denote specific anatomical parts of the nose.

This root primarily concerns the concept of understanding, learning, and teaching, particularly in a way that involves imparting knowledge or information directly. It emphasizes quick comprehension and the ability to grasp what is heard or explained.

This root primarily deals with the concept of 'but' or 'however,' serving as a conjunction to correct or negate a previous statement. It also extends to meanings related to a lisp, impediment in speech, or foreign accent, indicating a deviation from clear or standard Arabic.

This root primarily concerns the concept of color, hue, and shade. It extends to encompass varieties, types, and distinctions, particularly in the context of palm trees. It also describes a state of changeability or inconsistency.

The root 'لين' (līn) primarily denotes softness, gentleness, and ease, contrasting with harshness or difficulty. It extends to concepts of pleasant living, yielding, and suppleness, both physically and metaphorically. The root also encompasses related terms for specific objects and linguistic concepts.

This root primarily concerns the bladder, its location, and ailments related to it, specifically urinary incontinence or pain. It also extends to related concepts like holding urine and, metaphorically, holding or containing things.

This root primarily relates to hardness, coarseness, and a lack of shame or inhibition. It extends to concepts of boldness, impudence, and a disregard for social norms. Figuratively, it can also refer to abundance or something given freely.

This root appears to be related to proper names. The entry specifically mentions a man named Al-Majshun and a known jurist also referred to by this name.

The root محن (maḥana) primarily relates to testing, trying, or proving something or someone, often through hardship or examination. It encompasses concepts of experience, purification, and assessment, extending to physical actions like striking or preparing materials.

This root primarily relates to concepts of length, stature, and sometimes a negative connotation of being overly tall or stout. It also extends to meanings of physical manipulation like pulling or drenching, and metaphorically to betrayal or falsehood.

This root primarily concerns the concept of settling in a place, establishing a city, and by extension, ownership or dominion. It also extends to the idea of being owned or enslaved, and specific place names.

This root primarily relates to water channels and irrigation. It encompasses terms for large rivers, canals, and the act of irrigating land using these water sources. The root also touches upon the practice of leasing land based on its water supply.

This root primarily discusses 'marjan', a type of precious coral or small pearl, often described as red or white and associated with the sea. It also touches upon the term 'Marzban', a Persian title for a high-ranking military commander.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of quadruped, likely a camel, and its state of being after a period of agitation or flight.

This root primarily relates to striking, particularly with a whip, and by extension, to being bold or impudent. It also encompasses the idea of extracting or pulling something out, and has derived terms for specific items like clothing and names.

This root primarily concerns the concept of dwelling, residing, and settling in a place. It extends to the idea of a dwelling itself, as well as the state of being settled or residing. It can also metaphorically refer to a state of being subdued or settled in a negative sense.

The root مشن (m-sh-n) primarily relates to striking, hitting, and scratching, often with a whip or similar object. It extends to meanings of stripping, peeling, or scraping, and also encompasses actions related to milking and plucking. Figuratively, it can mean to insult or to take something forcefully.

This root appears to relate to a place or location, possibly a specific site or a general area. The provided text is very brief and lacks detailed explanation, making a comprehensive semantic overview difficult.

This root appears to be related to a specific place name. The entry discusses the etymology and grammatical analysis of this place name, citing a poetic verse.

This root primarily relates to the concept of sufficiency, being rich, or having enough. It can also denote a place or a specific historical event.

This root entry is very brief and appears to be a proper noun entry for the city of Baghdad. It references a previous discussion about the name's origin and variations.

This root primarily concerns the concept of eggs, particularly those of reptiles and insects, and by extension, nests or places where eggs are kept. It also extends to the idea of being established, having power or influence, and the concept of place or location.

This root primarily concerns concepts of cutting, weakening, and diminishing. It extends to ideas of exhaustion, scarcity, and deficiency, but also paradoxically to strength and abundance. It encompasses physical cutting, the weakening of things (like ropes or bodies), and the passage of time or fate, as well as divine bestowal and favor.