اَللِّسَانُ: جَارِحَةُ الْكَلامِ، وَقَدْ يُكْنَى بِهَا عَنِ الْكَلِمَةِ فَيُؤَنَّثُ حِينَئِذٍ
The tongue: the organ of speech, and it may be used metaphorically for a word, in which case it is feminine.
إِنِّي أَتَتْنِي لِسَانٌ لا أَسَرُّ بِهَا ... مِنْ عُلْوٍ، لا عَجَبٌ مِنْهَا وَلا سُخْرُ
Indeed, a message came to me that I do not rejoice in... from above, there is no wonder or mockery in it.
اَللِّسَانُ هُنَا الرِّسالَةُ وَالْمَقَالَةُ
The tongue here means the message and the saying.
وَقَدْ يُذْكَرُ عَلَى مَعْنَى الْكَلامِ
And it may be mentioned with the meaning of speech.
نَدِمْتُ عَلَى لِسَانٍ فَاتَ مِنِّي، ... فَلَيْتَ بِأَنَّهُ فِي جَوْفِ عُكْمِ
I regretted a word that escaped me, ... I wish it had been in the belly of a bag.
وَشَاهِدُ أَلْسِنَةِ الْجَمْعِ فِيمَنْ ذُكِرَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَاخْتِلافُ أَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَأَلْوانِكُمْ
And the plural 'alsinah' (tongues/languages) is witnessed in the one whose saying is mentioned: 'and the diversity of your languages and your colors'.
وَشَاهِدُ أَلْسُنِ الْجَمْعِ فِيمَنْ أَنَّثَ قَوْلُ الْعَجَّاجِ: أَوْ تَلْحَجُ الأَلْسُنُ فِينَا مَلْحَجًا
And the plural 'alsun' is witnessed in the one who feminized the saying of Al-A'jjaj: 'or if tongues should argue with us'.
وَالْجَمْعُ أَلْسِنَةٌ فِيمَنْ ذُكِرَ مِثْلُ حِمَارٍ وَأَحْمِرَةٍ، وَأَلْسُنٌ فِيمَنْ أَنَّثَ مِثْلُ ذِرَاعٍ وَأَذْرُعٍ
And the plural is 'alsinah' for those who masculine it, like 'himar' and 'ahmirah', and 'alsun' for those who feminize it, like 'dhirah' and 'adhru'.
وَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ بِاللِّسَانِ اللُّغَةَ أَنَّثْتَ
And if you mean language by 'al-lisan', you feminize it.
فُلانٌ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ
So-and-so speaks in the language of his people.
إِنَّ لِسَانَ النَّاسِ عَلَيْكَ لَحَسَنَةٌ وَحُسْنٌ أَيْ ثَنَاؤُهُمْ
Indeed, the praise of people towards you is good and excellent, meaning their commendation.
وَاجْعَلْ لِي لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ فِي الآخِرِينَ
And grant me a legacy of truth among the later generations.
مَعْنَاهُ اجْعَلْ لِي ثَنَاءً حَسَنًا بَاقِيًا إِلَى آخِرِ الدَّهْرِ
Its meaning is: grant me a good and lasting praise until the end of time.
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلاَّ بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ
And We did not send any messenger except [with] the language of his people.
أَيْ بِلُغَةِ قَوْمِهِ
Meaning: in the language of his people.
وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ، ذَهَبَ بِهَا إِلَى الْكَلِمَةِ فَأَنَّثَهَا
And it has preceded; he intended it to mean a word and thus feminized it.
ذَهَبَ إِلَى الْخَبَرِ فَذَكَّرَهُ
He intended it to mean news and thus masculinized it.
وَالَّلسَانُ اللُّغَةُ، مُؤَنَّثَةٌ لا غَيْرُ
And 'al-lisan' is language, feminine and nothing else.
وَلِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ لُسْنٌ أَيْ لُغَةٌ يَتَكَلَّمُونَ بِهَا
And every people has a 'lusn', meaning a language they speak.
وَيُقَالُ: رَجُلٌ لَسِنٌ بَيِّنُ اللِّسَانِ إِذَا كَانَ ذَا بَيَانٍ وَفَصَاحَةٍ
And it is said: A man is 'lasin' (eloquent) and 'bayyin al-lisan' (clear of speech) if he possesses clarity and eloquence.
وَأَلْسَنْتُهُ مَا يَقُولُ أَيْ أَبْلَغْتُهُ
And 'alsantuhu ma yaqul' means I conveyed to him what he says.
وَأَلْسَنَ عَنْهُ: بَلَغَ
And 'alsana 'anhu' means: he conveyed.
أَلْسِنُوا لِي سَرَاةَ الْعِمِّ أَنَّكُمْ ... لَسْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُلْكِ، وَالأَبْدَالُ أَغْمَارُ
Convey to me, chiefs of the clan, that you are not of the royalty, and the substitutes are novices.
أَيْ أَبْلِغُوا لِي وَعَنِّي
Meaning: Convey to me and on my behalf.
وَلَسَنَهُ يَلْسِنُهُ لَسْنًا: كَانَ أَجْوَدَ لِسَانًا مِنْهُ
And 'lasanahu yalsinuhu lasnan': he was more eloquent than him.
وَلَسَنَهُ: كَلَّمَهُ
And 'lasanahu': he spoke to him.
إِنْ دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْكَ «١». لَسَنَتْكَ أَيْ أَخَذَتْكَ بِلِسَانِهَا، يَصِفُهَا بِالسَّلاطَةِ وَكَثْرَةِ الْكَلامِ وَالْبَذَاءِ
If she enters upon you, she will confront you with her tongue, describing her as insolent, talkative, and foul-mouthed.
وَالَّلسَنُ، بِالتَّحْرِيكِ: الْفَصَاحَةُ
And 'al-lasan', with harakah (vowelization): eloquence.
وَقَدْ لَسِنَ، بِالْكَسْرِ، فَهُوَ لَسِنٌ وَأَلْسَنُ، وَقَوْمٌ لَسِنٌ
And he became 'lasina' (eloquent), so he is 'lasin' and 'alsan', and a people are 'lasin'.
وَالَّلسَنُ: جَوْدَةُ اللِّسَانِ وَسَلاطَتُهُ، لَسِنَ لَسَنًا فَهُوَ لَسِنٌ
And 'al-lasan': the quality of the tongue and its boldness; he became eloquent, so he is eloquent.
أَيْ مُصَدِّقًا لِلتَّوْرَاةِ، وَعَرَبِيًّا مَنْصُوبٌ عَلَى الْحَالِ، الْمَعْنَى مُصَدِّقٌ عَرَبِيًّا، وَذُكِرَ لِسَانًا تَوْكِيدًا كَمَا تَقُولُ جَاءَنِي زَيْدٌ رَجُلاً صَالِحًا، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِسَانًا مَفْعُولاً بِمُصَدِّقٍ، الْمَعْنَى مُصَدِّقٌ ذَا لِسَانٍ عَرَبِيٍّ
Meaning: confirming the Torah; and 'Arabi' is accusative as a حال (adverbial state), the meaning is 'confirming in Arabic', and 'lisanan' is mentioned for emphasis, like you say 'Zayd came to me as a righteous man', and it is permissible for 'lisanan' to be an object of 'musaddiq', meaning 'confirming one with an Arabic tongue'.
وَالَّلسَنُ وَالْمُلْسَنُ: مَا جُعِلَ طَرَفُهُ كَطَرَفِ اللِّسَانِ
And 'al-lasan' and 'al-milsan': that whose tip is made like the tip of a tongue.
وَلَسَنُ النَّعْلِ: خُرْطُ صَدْرِهَا وَدِقَّتُهَا مِنْ أَعْلاهَا
And the 'lasan' of a shoe: the shaping of its front and its thinning from above.
وَنَعْلٌ مَلْسَنَةٌ إِذَا جُعِلَ طَرَفُ مُقَدَّمِهَا كَطَرَفِ اللِّسَانِ
And a shoe is 'mulsanah' if the tip of its front is made like the tip of a tongue.
وَالَّذِي فِيهِ طُولٌ وَلَطَافَةٌ عَلَى هَيْئَةِ اللِّسَانِ
And that which has length and fineness in the shape of a tongue.
لَهُمْ أَزْرٌ حُمْرُ الْحَوَاشِي يُطَوُّونَهَا، ... بِأَقْدَامِهِمْ، فِي الْحَضْرَمِيِّ الْمُلْسَنِ
They have red-bordered cloaks which they fold, ... with their feet, in the long and slender Hadrami shoe.
وَكَذَلِكَ امْرَأَةٌ مَلْسَنَةُ الْقَدَمَيْنِ
And likewise a woman with slender feet.
وَإِنَّ نَعْلَهُ كَانَتْ مَلْسَنَةً أَيْ كَانَتْ دَقِيقَةً عَلَى شَكْلِ اللِّسَانِ، وَقِيلَ: هِيَ الَّتِي جُعِلَ لَهَا لِسَانٌ، وَلِسَانُهَا الْهِنَّةُ النَّاتِئَةُ فِي مُقَدِّمِهَا
And indeed his shoe was 'mulsanah', meaning it was thin in the shape of a tongue; and it was said: it is one that was given a tongue, and its tongue is the protruding part at its front.
وَلِسَانُ الْقَوْمِ: الْمُتَكَلِّمُ عَنْهُمْ
And the 'lisan' of the people: the one who speaks for them.
لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ الْيَدُ وَاللِّسَانُ؛ الْيَدُ: اللُّزُومُ، وَاللِّسَانُ: التَّقَاضِي
The one with the right has the hand and the tongue; the hand: insistence, and the tongue: demanding.
وَلِسَانُ الْمِيزَانِ: عَذْبَتُهُ
And the 'lisan' of the balance: its beam.
وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ لِسَانَ أَعْدَلِ حَاكِمٍ ... يَقْضِي الصَّوَابَ بِهِ، وَلا يَتَكَلَّمُ
And I have indeed seen the beam of the most just judge... by which correctness is decided, and it does not speak.
وَلِسَانُ النَّارِ: مَا يَتَشَكَّلُ مِنْهَا عَلَى شَكْلِ اللِّسَانِ
And the 'lisan' of fire: what forms from it in the shape of a tongue.
وَتَلَسَّنَ الْفَصِيلُ: فَعَلَ بِهِ ذَلِكَ
And the young camel 'talassana': it did that to it.
الْخَلِيَّةُ مِنَ الإِبِلِ يُقَالُ لَهَا الْمُتَلَسِّنَةُ
A barren she-camel is called 'al-mutalassinah'.
وَالْخَلِيَّةُ أَنْ تَلِدَ النَّاقَةُ فَيُنْحَرَ وَلَدُهَا عَمْدًا لِيَدُومَ لَبَنُهَا وَتُسْتَدَرَّ بِحِوَارٍ غَيْرِهَا، فإِذَا أَدَرَّهَا الْحِوَارُ نُحِّيَ عَنْهَا وَاحْتُلِبُوهَا، وَرُبَّمَا خَلَّوْا ثَلاثَ خَلايَا أَوْ أَرْبَعًا عَلَى حِوَارٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَهُوَ التَّلَسُّنُ
And 'al-khaliyyah' is when a she-camel gives birth and her offspring is deliberately slaughtered so that her milk may last, and she is made to nurse another's calf; when the calf makes her milk flow, it is removed from her and they milk her, and sometimes they leave three or four barren she-camels for one calf, and that is 'al-tallasun'.
وَيُقَالُ: لَسَنْتَ اللَّيْفَ إِذَا مَشَنْتَهُ ثُمَّ جَعَلْتَهُ فَتَائِلَ مُهَيَّأَةً لِلْفَتْلِ، وَيُسَمَّى ذَلِكَ التَّلْسِينَ
And it is said: 'lasanta al-layf' if you twist it and then make it into wicks ready for spinning, and that is called 'al-talsin'.
وَالْمَلْسُونُ الْكَذَّابُ
And 'al-malsun' is the liar.
وَتَلَسَّنَ عَلَيْهِ: كَذَبَ
And 'talassana 'alayhi': he lied.
وَرَجُلٌ مَلْسُونٌ: حُلْوُ اللِّسَانِ بَعِيدُ الْفِعَالِ
And a 'malsun' man: sweet-tongued and distant in deeds.
وَلِسَانُ الْحَمْلِ وَلِسَانُ الثَّوْرِ: نَبَاتٌ، سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ تَشْبِيهًا بِاللِّسَانِ
And 'lisan al-haml' and 'lisan al-thawr': plants, named so by resemblance to a tongue.
وَالَّلسَانُ: عَشْبَةٌ مِنَ الْجُنْبَةِ، لَهَا وَرَقٌ مُتَفَرِّشٌ أَخْشَنُ كَأَنَّهُ الْمَسَاحِي كَخُشُونَةِ لِسَانِ الثَّوْرِ، يَسْمُو مِنْ وَسَطِهَا قَضِيبٌ كَالذِّرَاعِ طُولاً فِي رَأْسِهِ نُورَةٌ كَحْلاءُ، وَهِيَ دَوَاءٌ مِنْ أَوْجَاعِ اللِّسَانِ
And 'al-lisan': a herb from the 'junbah', it has rough, spreading leaves like shovels, similar to the roughness of ox-tongue; a stalk like an arm in length rises from its middle, with a bluish flower at its head, and it is a medicine for tongue ailments.
وَالْمُلْسَنُ: حَجَرٌ يَجْعَلُونَهُ فِي أَعْلَى بَابِ بَيْتٍ، يَبْنُونَهُ مِنْ حِجَارَةٍ وَيَجْعَلُونَ لُحْمَةَ السَّبُعِ فِي مُؤَخِّرِهِ، فَإِذَا دَخَلَ السَّبُعُ فَتَنَاوَلَ اللُّحْمَةَ سَقَطَ الْحَجَرُ عَلَى الْبَابِ فَسَدَّهُ
And 'al-milsan': a stone they place at the top of a house entrance, built of stones, and they place the meat of a lion at its back; when the lion enters and takes the meat, the stone falls on the door and blocks it.