Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)
9,667 root entries translated · page 169 of 194
- جفن0 lemmaslisan_007999
- جلن2 lemmaslisan_008000
This root appears to relate to the sound of something closing or shutting, particularly a door. It is associated with a specific onomatopoeic sound.
جَلَن — sound of closingجَلَنْبَلَق — sound of closing - جمن4 lemmaslisan_008001
This root primarily concerns imitations of pearls, often made of silver or other materials, and used as adornments. It also extends to names of specific objects, animals, and places.
الجُمان — Silver pearl imitationsجُمانة — Pearl-shaped beadجُمان — Name of a camelالجَمن — Name of a mountain - جنن23 lemmaslisan_008002_part_1
The root جنن primarily relates to the concept of covering, concealing, and hiding. This extends to physical covering like darkness, burial, and clothing, as well as abstract concealment such as in the heart or mind. It also encompasses the idea of being hidden from sight, leading to meanings related to madness and the unseen beings known as jinn.
جَنَّ الشيءُ يَجُنُّهُ جَنًّا — to cover, to concealجُنَّ عليهِ الليلُ يَجُنُّ جُنونًا — night fell, coveredأَجَنَّهُ الليلُ — night covered itاستَجَنَّ — to hide oneself, to conceal oneselfجَنَّ الميتُ جَنًّا — to bury, to conceal (a corpse) - جنن0 lemmaslisan_008002_part_2
- جهن9 lemmaslisan_008003
This root primarily relates to aspects of the face, particularly its appearance and expression, and also encompasses a tribal name and related expressions. It touches upon concepts of harshness, darkness, and certainty.
الجَهْن — Harshness of faceوَجْهِينَة — Tribal nameجَهَنَة — Darkness of nightالفَحْمَة — Darkness between two eveningsالقَسْوَرَة — Darkness of night - جهمن6 lemmaslisan_008004
This root pertains to a stern, frowning, or displeased countenance. It describes a severe or grim facial expression, often associated with anger or displeasure. The root also extends to the concept of being grim or severe in general.
جَهَمَ — to frownجُهْمَة — grimnessجَهْم — sternجَهْمَة — frownمُجَاهِم — frowning - جون11 lemmaslisan_008005
The root 'جون' primarily relates to colors, particularly black, but also encompasses white and red. It extends to describe things that are dark or intensely colored, including plants, animals, and celestial bodies like the sun. The root also carries meanings related to specific objects, places, and even personal names or epithets.
الجَوْن — blackجَوْنَة — sunجَوْنِيّ — blackish-redالجَوْنَان — ends of a bowالتَّجْوِين — whitening of a bride's door - حبن14 lemmaslisan_008006
This root primarily relates to swelling, particularly of the abdomen, often due to illness or fluid accumulation. It also extends to descriptions of large bellies, and metaphorically to anger. Additionally, it denotes various creatures and ailments, including boils and a specific type of lizard-like insect.
الحَبَنُ — abdominal swellingحَبِنَ — to swell (abdomen)حَبْناً — swellingأَحْجَنٌ — dropsicalحَبْنَاء — large-bellied - حتن22 lemmaslisan_008007
This root primarily concerns the concept of equality, similarity, and matching. It extends to notions of being equivalent, level, or occurring in pairs or succession, particularly in contexts of competition like archery or in the intensity of heat.
الحَتْن — equivalent, peerحَتَنٌ — equivalent, peerحَتَنَانِ — two equivalentsتَحَاتَنُوا — they became equalأَفْحَتَنَهُ — he matched him - حثن2 lemmaslisan_008008
This root primarily relates to the unripe grape (verjuice) and its characteristics. It also appears to denote a specific place name mentioned in ancient poetry.
حِصْرِم — unripe grapeحَثَن — Hathan - حجن0 lemmaslisan_008009
- حذن9 lemmaslisan_008010
This root primarily relates to ears, specifically small or insignificant ones. It also extends to concepts of restraint, holding, and a specific type of desert plant.
الحذنتان — The earsحذنة — Earحذنة — Small-earedحذن — Small-earedحذن — To restrain - حرن11 lemmaslisan_008011
This root primarily describes the act of stopping or becoming stationary, particularly in animals like horses and camels. It extends to concepts of stubbornness, immobility, and a reluctance to move or change position, applied to both animate and inanimate things, and even abstract concepts like trade.
حَرَنَ — to stop, become stationaryتَحَرُّن — to become stationaryحَرَنٌ — stopping, immobilityحَرونٌ — stubborn, unmovingالحَرون — name of a horse - حردن3 lemmaslisan_008012
This root primarily relates to a specific type of lizard found in Egypt, described as colorful and patterned. It also touches upon the concept of being stubborn or obstinate, possibly derived from the lizard's perceived nature.
الحَرْدُون — lizardحَرَدَ — to be stubbornحَرْدَان — stubborn - حرذن3 lemmaslisan_008013
This root primarily relates to a type of lizard, specifically a gecko or a type of lizard resembling a gecko. It can also refer to a camel that has been ridden to exhaustion.
الحرذون — lizard (gecko)الحرذون من الإبل — exhausted camelحرذون — small creature - حرسن4 lemmaslisan_008014
This root appears to relate to concepts of scarcity, hardship, and emaciation, particularly concerning animals and periods of drought. It describes weakened or starved camels and lean, difficult years.
الحرسون — emaciated camelحراسينا — emaciated camelsحراسين — lean yearsالحراسيم — lean years - حرشن2 lemmaslisan_008015
This root appears to relate to a type of cotton or a small, hard burr that attaches to sheep's wool. It describes a specific kind of unprocessed cotton and a prickly seed pod.
الحرشون — type of cottonالحراشين — processed cotton - حزن0 lemmaslisan_008016
- حزبن2 lemmaslisan_008017
This root primarily describes an old woman, often with negative connotations of being ill-tempered or ill-favored. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a strong, spirited female camel.
الحيزبون — old womanحيزبون — strong, spirited (female camel) - حسن0 lemmaslisan_008018_part_1
- حسن21 lemmaslisan_008018_part_2
The root حسن (ḥ-s-n) primarily relates to beauty, goodness, and excellence. It extends to concepts of pleasing appearance, fine qualities, and things that are inherently good or beautiful. It also has specific geographical applications, referring to notable hills or sandy mounds.
حَسُنَ — to be beautifulحَسَن — Hasan (name)الحَسَن — Hasan (name)حُسَيْن — Husayn (name)الحُسَيْن — Husayn (name) - حشن8 lemmaslisan_008019
This root primarily concerns concepts of dirtiness, uncleanness, and foulness, often related to the accumulation of residue, particularly from milk in containers. It extends to metaphorical senses of rancor, anger, and acquisition.
الحَشِن — dirty, uncleanحَشُنَ — to be dirty, to become foulحَشْنًا — dirtiness, foulnessأَحْشَنَ — to make foul by overuseحَشِنَة — rancor, malice - حصن29 lemmaslisan_008020
The root حصن (ḥaṣana) primarily denotes the concept of fortification, protection, and defense. It extends to meanings of being impregnable, secure, and chaste, particularly for women. The root also encompasses related ideas like marriage and the act of safeguarding.
حَصَنَ — to fortifyيُحَصِّنُ — to fortifyحَصَانَة — fortificationحَصِين — fortifiedأَحْصَنَ — to fortify - حضن18 lemmaslisan_008021
The root حضن (ḥaḍana) primarily relates to the concept of embracing, holding close, or protecting. It extends to encompass sides, flanks, and regions, as well as nurturing and raising children or young animals. It can also denote exclusion or being kept aside.
حِضْن — side, flankحَضَنَ — to embrace, holdحِضَانَة — nurturing, upbringingمُحْتَضَن — lap, embraceاِحْتِضَان — embracing, holding - حطن2 lemmaslisan_008022
This root appears to be related to the word for a male goat (specifically a ram or buck). The primary discussion revolves around the etymology of the word 'حطان' and whether its final consonant is original or derived from the root 'حط'.
حِطّان — ram, buckحَطَنَ — to be a ram - حفن12 lemmaslisan_008023
The root ح-ف-ن primarily relates to taking or giving something with the cupped hand. It extends to concepts of a handful, a small amount, and by extension, a small portion of a larger whole. It also encompasses related ideas like scooping, gathering, and even specific geographical or biological terms.
حَفَنَ — to take with a handfulحَفْنَة — handfulحَفَنَات — handfulsحَفَنَ لِـ — to give a portion toاِحْتَفَنَ — to take for oneself - حفتن1 lemmalisan_008024
This root appears to be related to places and possibly the act of being worn down or frequented, though the provided entry is very brief and focuses on a place name.
حُفَيْتِن — Place name - حقن15 lemmaslisan_008025
The root حقن (ḥaqana) primarily denotes the act of holding back, retaining, or accumulating something. This encompasses physical retention like holding urine or feces, as well as the accumulation of liquids like milk or blood, and even metaphorical holding back or preventing.
حَقَنَ — to hold back, retainحَقْن — retention, holding backمَحْقُون — retained, held backحَقِين — retained, held backأَحْقَنَ — to collect (milk) - حلن5 lemmaslisan_008026
This root primarily deals with young sheep and goats, specifically newborns or very young ones. It also extends to concepts of something being permissible or lawful, particularly in the context of ritual slaughter and pre-Islamic customs.
الحَلَان — Kid (young goat)الحَلَام — Young of sheep/goatsحَلَّان — Permitted/lawfulحَلَّان — Permitted/lawfulحَلَّان — Lizard - حلزن1 lemmalisan_008027
This root primarily pertains to a specific type of creature, a snail or slug, often found in desert vegetation. It describes the creature itself and its characteristics.
الحلزون — Snail/slug - حلقن6 lemmaslisan_008028
This root describes the stage of ripening in dates, specifically when the fruit begins to soften and become palatable, particularly from the stem end. It distinguishes different degrees of ripeness and the parts of the date where the softening begins.
الحَلْقَانَة — partially ripe dateالحَلْقَان — partially ripe datesحَلْقَنَ — to become partially ripeمُحَلْقَن — partially ripeمُحَلْقِم — partially ripe - حمن9 lemmaslisan_008029
This root primarily relates to small parasitic insects, specifically young ticks or lice, and also describes land that is infested with them. It extends to a specific type of grape and geographical locations.
الحَمَنُ — young ticks/liceالحَمَنَانُ — young ticks/liceحَمَنَةٌ — young tick/louseحَمْنَانَةٌ — young tick/louseمُحَمَّنَةٌ — infested with ticks/lice - حنن0 lemmaslisan_008030_part_1
- حنن32 lemmaslisan_008030_part_2
The root حنن (ḥnn) primarily relates to concepts of turning away, withholding, and deficiency. It also extends to meanings of affection, longing, and specific entities like types of jinn, plants, and places.
حَنَنَ — to turn awayانْثَنَى — to bend backقَصَرَ — to fall shortتَحَنَّنَ — to turn away (specific meaning)حَنَّ — to turn away - حنحن2 lemmaslisan_008031
This root primarily relates to sounds and vocalizations, specifically those made by animals or humans expressing certain emotions or states. It encompasses sounds of distress, complaint, or affection.
حَنَحَنَ — to make a sound of complaintحَنِيحٌ — a sound of complaint - حون3 lemmaslisan_008032
This root appears to relate to concepts of selling, particularly alcoholic beverages, and also to states of humiliation and destruction. One derived term is suggested to be of Persian origin.
الحانة — Tavern, barخانة — House, placeالتحون — Humiliation, degradation - حين0 lemmaslisan_008033
- خبن18 lemmaslisan_008034
The root خبن (khbn) primarily relates to the concept of shortening, gathering, or tucking something in, often through sewing or folding. This extends to meanings of concealing, hiding, or carrying something discreetly. It also encompasses terms for physical attributes like being compact or stout, and in prosody, it refers to a specific type of metrical alteration.
خَبَنَ — to shorten by sewingخَبْن — shortening by sewingخُبْنَة — tuck or foldمَخْبُون — shortenedأَخْبَنَ — to hide in one's garment - ختن0 lemmaslisan_008035
- خدن9 lemmaslisan_008036
This root primarily concerns the concept of close friendship, companionship, and intimate association. It extends to the idea of a confidant or secret lover, particularly in the context of pre-Islamic practices regarding unmarried women.
الخَدَن — friendالخُدَيْن — friendأَخْدَان — friendsخُدَنَاء — friendsخادَنَ — to befriend - خذن2 lemmaslisan_008037
This root entry discusses a word that was initially proposed as related to ears, but is corrected to a similar-sounding word with a different initial letter. The primary focus is on clarifying a textual variant.
الخُذْنَتَان — earsخَذَنَتَا — had ears - خذعن1 lemmalisan_008038
This root appears to relate to pieces or portions of certain vegetables or fatty substances. It specifically defines a noun derived from the root as a piece of gourd, cucumber, or fat.
الخُذْعُونَة — Piece of gourd/cucumber/fat - خرطن1 lemmalisan_008039
This root appears to relate to long worms or creatures found in river mud. However, its Arabic origin is questioned, suggesting it might be a loanword.
الخراطين — long worms - خزن18 lemmaslisan_008040
The root خزن (khzn) primarily relates to storing, preserving, and keeping things, especially in a safe place like a treasury or storehouse. It extends to concepts of guarding, concealing, and even the internal 'storage' of emotions or secrets within the heart or mind.
خَزَنَ — to storeيَخْزِنُهُ — he stores itخَزْنًا — storingاخْتَزَنَهُ — to store upالخِزَانَة — treasury - خسن1 lemmalisan_008041
This root appears to relate to a state of degradation or humiliation, particularly after a period of honor or power. It describes a fall from grace or a loss of dignity.
أخسنَ — to become debased - خشن27 lemmaslisan_008042
This root primarily describes the quality of roughness, coarseness, or harshness. It applies to physical textures like stone and cloth, as well as abstract concepts like speech, temperament, and living conditions. It can also refer to specific geographical locations or groups.
الخَشِن — rough, coarseالأخْشَن — rougher, coarsestخِشَان — rough thingsخَشِنَة — roughnessخَشْنَاء — rough (fem.) - خصن5 lemmaslisan_008043
This root primarily relates to a specific type of axe, often described as having a single curved blade. It also encompasses related terms for this tool and its characteristics.
الخَصِين — Axeالخَصِين — Axe (gendered)أَخْصَن — Axes (plural)أَخْصُن — Axes (plural, feminine agreement)النَّاجِخ — Axe - خضن7 lemmaslisan_008044
The root خضن (khadana) primarily relates to engaging in flirtatious or indecent talk with a woman. It also extends to the concepts of diverting or withholding something, and metaphorically, to humbling or subduing something or someone.
خَاضَنَ — to flirt withخِضَانًا — flirtationمُخَاضَنَة — flirtationتَخَاضَنُ — flirtingخَضَنْتُ — to divert - خفن7 lemmaslisan_008045
This root primarily relates to the young of ostriches and, by extension, to things that are young, small, or newly formed. It also extends to concepts of looseness, speed, and specific geographical locations.
الخُفَّان — Ostrich chicksخَفَّانَة — Ostrich chickالحُفَّان — Ostrich chicksخَفَن — Looseness of the bellyالخَيْفَان — Newly flying locusts