Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily deals with the concept of separation, distinction, and detailed explanation. It extends to the idea of a dividing line or a pause, both literally and metaphorically, and also relates to the detailed breakdown or exposition of something.

This root primarily describes something small, contemptible, or wicked. It is most notably used to refer to a scorpion, particularly a young one, and by extension, a mean or wicked person.

This root primarily concerns the concept of abundance, superiority, merit, and virtue. It denotes something extra, exceeding a norm, or being distinguished. It can also refer to grace, favor, or a generous gift.

This root primarily refers to a vast, ancient, or primordial time, often associated with a period before humanity or a time of great abundance. It can also denote a large or powerful entity, such as a flood or a large animal, and is sometimes used as a proper name.

This root primarily relates to the process of threshing and winnowing grain, particularly in the dialect of Yemen. It also extends to the concept of abundant yield or produce from the land.

This root describes a person who is quick to anger, especially when it is misplaced or inappropriate. It emphasizes a rapid and perhaps excessive onset of wrath.

This root primarily relates to trembling, shaking, or shivering, often caused by cold or fear. It also extends to concepts of being busy or occupied, and appears in place names and tribal designations.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to specific terms for parts of an elephant's body and a descriptive term for a short woman. Its semantic range is narrow and not widely attested.

This root describes a weak or unsteady gait, often characterized by wide-set legs or thighs. It also refers to a specific type of animal and a man with widely spaced thighs.

This root appears to relate to a specific proper name, 'Fahlal', which is associated with falsehood and error. It is described as a name for something that is not known or recognized, and is linked to delusion and untruth.

This root primarily refers to a type of bean, specifically broad beans. It also encompasses the plant itself and its seeds, with regional variations in terminology.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of fruit or tree, often described as resembling a date or being hard like wood. It is associated with a plant that bears these fruits, sometimes compared to a coconut palm.

This root primarily deals with the concepts of coming towards, facing, receiving, and accepting. It extends to notions of direction, sequence, and relationship, encompassing both physical and abstract meanings.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of acceptance, reception, and beginning. It extends to meanings of resemblance, the front or beginning of something, and specific objects or places.

The root 'قتل' primarily denotes the act of killing or causing death. It extends to meanings related to intense effort, thorough knowledge, and even the dilution of substances like wine. It also encompasses concepts of enmity and being thoroughly experienced or subdued.

This root primarily describes slowness, heaviness, and a lack of agility, often applied to people or things that are sluggish, dull, or physically cumbersome. It can also extend to meanings of abundance or thickness, particularly in descriptions of beards or clusters of dates.

This root appears to relate to arrows that are not well-fletched or properly straightened, leading to poor flight. It describes an arrow that is defective in its construction or preparation for flight.

The root قحل (qahl) primarily denotes dryness, shriveling, and emaciation, often due to hardship, old age, or disease. It can describe dry leather, withered skin, or people and animals suffering from extreme hunger, thirst, or old age. The concept extends to a state of being dried out or stuck.

This root primarily relates to the concept of consuming or eating something entirely, often with a sense of thoroughness or completeness. It can also refer to the remnants or residue left after consumption.

This root primarily concerns the back of the head, specifically the occipital region. It extends to describe injuries to this area, and metaphorically, to defects or deviations from the norm, as well as the act of following someone.

This root primarily describes characteristics of being base, lowly, or insignificant. It also extends to concepts of being quick, stubborn, short, and stout, particularly when referring to animals or people.

This root primarily describes a type of water bird known for its keen eyesight, hunting prowess, and cautious nature. It is frequently used in proverbs to exemplify alertness, swiftness, and foresight. The name 'Qurla' is also mentioned as a personal name.

This root describes someone who is short and stocky, often implying a stout or thick build. It is primarily used as an adjective to describe a person's physique.

This root primarily relates to the concept of gathering, collecting, or bringing things together. It also extends to describe physical attributes like being compact or sturdy, and is used metaphorically for negative traits or specific objects.

This root primarily relates to terms for a large measure or container, often compared to the capacity of a donkey's load. It also extends to describe a type of saddle and a specific insect.

This root primarily discusses a type of garment, specifically a shirt or tunic. Variations in pronunciation and description exist, with some sources distinguishing between a specific type of women's garment and a more general term for a shirt without sleeves.

This root primarily relates to a type of weak, thorny desert shrub. It extends to describe camels with two humps, young camels, and a specific type of camel associated with the Turks. Additionally, it refers to hair or wool used for adornment and has metaphorical uses related to seeking weak protection. The root also appears in place names, personal names, and the name of a horse.

This root primarily describes severe lameness and a specific type of limping gait. It also extends to related concepts like thin legs, a particular way of walking, and even a type of snake.

This root primarily relates to dust, particularly bright or rising dust. It also extends to describe phenomena that resemble dust or are associated with it, such as atmospheric optics like rainbows and twilight, and even specific types of plants or fruits.

This root primarily relates to the lion cub and also denotes specific Arab tribes and lineages. It appears to be a less common root with limited derived forms.

The root قصل primarily relates to cutting, especially a clean or decisive cut. It extends to concepts of being sharp, effective in cutting, and also to specific agricultural and social terms derived from this core meaning.

This root primarily describes something small, weak, or lowly, often referring to contemptible individuals or young animals. It also extends to the sun reaching its zenith.

This root appears to relate to the act of eating food, specifically consuming it entirely. It is primarily found in rare or archaic usage.

This root primarily denotes actions related to breaking, cutting, and crushing. It extends to vigorous eating, a type of insect, and descriptions of strong individuals or animals, particularly lions and robust shepherds.

The root قطل primarily relates to the concept of cutting, severing, or breaking. It extends to describe things that are cut, such as wood or plants, and can also refer to the act of striking or throwing someone down. Figuratively, it encompasses abstract qualities like length, shortness, softness, and hardness.

This root primarily relates to things detaching or falling off, particularly from plants like grapevines and henna. It also extends to descriptions of physical forms, such as mountains, posture, and gait, as well as negative attributes like misfortune and awkwardness.

This root primarily describes a type of edible fungus or truffle that grows in the spring. It details its appearance, how it is prepared and eaten, and distinguishes it from other similar growths.

This root describes a specific manner of walking, characterized by a heavy, dragging, or struggling gait. It evokes the image of someone moving with difficulty, as if pulling themselves out of mud or a mire.

This root primarily describes the act of striking someone down or causing them to fall. It also extends to concepts of being swift or fast, and can be used metaphorically to describe pressuring someone in a dispute.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of bird, possibly a pigeon or dove, and its associated features or actions. The primary meaning revolves around the bird itself and its characteristics.

The root قفل primarily relates to returning, especially from a journey or military expedition. It also extends to meanings of dryness, stiffness, and things that have become hardened or withered.

The root قافل primarily relates to the concept of closing, locking, and obstructing. It extends to meanings of gathering, hoarding, and being inaccessible or unyielding. It also encompasses related ideas like following, returning, and specific natural phenomena.

This root appears to describe the act of quickly seizing or snatching something. It conveys a sense of rapid, forceful acquisition or removal.