Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

The root 'd-kh-l' primarily relates to the concept of entering, inserting, or penetrating. It extends to meanings of intermingling, mixing, and infiltration, both physically and metaphorically. It also encompasses related concepts like joints fitting together, confusion of matters, and specific applications like a horse's mane or a type of basket.

This root appears to be related to place names, specifically a location in the land of the Romans. The derived terms are primarily nouns referring to this specific place.

This root primarily relates to forms of heavy or slow movement, and also encompasses terms for a cunning or dangerous person.

This root primarily refers to types of clothing, specifically Armenian garments. It also describes rapid movement and dancing, with one mention of a game.

This root appears to relate to games, specifically those played by children or foreigners, and possibly to a type of dance or rhythmic movement. It also seems to have metaphorical uses related to sudden or stealthy action, particularly by animals.

This root primarily relates to the concept of deception, trickery, and evasion. It describes someone who is deceitful or who flees from a situation.

This root primarily describes a strong, young female camel. It also appears as a proper name for a man and a poet.

The root 'دغل' primarily relates to corruption, deceit, and hidden malice. It extends to encompass dense, tangled vegetation, places of ambush, and treacherous terrain. Figuratively, it signifies introducing something that spoils or corrupts, and by extension, betrayal and hidden dangers.

The root 'دغفل' primarily relates to concepts of abundance, fertility, and prosperity, often associated with time or seasons. It also extends to specific terms for animals and a proper name.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of bitter, green, and visually appealing shrub or tree, known for its poisonous properties and association with fire. It also extends to related concepts like tar and proverbs.

The root 'دقل' primarily relates to dates, specifically a type of low-quality or unclassified date. It extends to describe thin or emaciated animals, and also refers to parts of a ship like the mast. Figuratively, it can denote weakness or a specific sexual act.

This root primarily relates to the concept of gathering or collecting, often with a sense of pride, arrogance, or self-importance. It also extends to meanings of softness, yielding, and a specific type of mud.

The root دمل primarily relates to the concept of healing, mending, or making something sound and healthy. It extends to meanings of repair, reconciliation, and improvement, often through the application of something beneficial, like fertilizer. It also encompasses negative states like decay or corruption, and the process of things being thrown away or becoming waste.

This root describes something that is large, thick, and dense. It is primarily used to describe women, men, and objects that are bulky or tightly packed together.

This root appears to be related to foreign or non-Arabic names, with no clear semantic development within Arabic itself. It is primarily a placeholder for a foreign proper noun.

This root primarily relates to the concept of time, specifically a portion or period of the night. It also touches upon notions of fear, confusion, and insignificance.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being large, bulky, or excessively so, particularly in the context of eating or physical size. It describes a large mouthful or a person who is large and perhaps gluttonous.

This root pertains to severe hardships and calamities of life. It describes difficult and distressing circumstances that one might face.

This root primarily refers to a specific tribe or lineage, particularly within the Arab tribes of 'Abd al-Qays and Kinanah. It is used to denote the people belonging to these lineages and their geographical affiliations.

This root primarily concerns the concept of swift, light, and agile movement, often associated with predators like the wolf and jackal. It extends to describing a quick gait, a swift animal, and by extension, a cunning or dangerous entity.

This root appears to be extremely rare, possibly even a hapax legomenon, with no clear semantic field established in classical Arabic lexicography. Its primary known occurrence is in a proper name.

This root appears to relate to injustice and wrongdoing. It describes someone who is unjust and the act of committing injustice.

This root primarily concerns the concept of vengeance, retribution, and seeking compensation for a wrong or injury. It encompasses the feelings of enmity and hatred associated with such grievances, as well as the act of pursuing justice or revenge.

This root primarily relates to actions involving the removal or expulsion of something, particularly in the context of food preparation or bodily functions. It can also describe a specific type of movement or action associated with these expulsions.

This root appears to be very rare and obscure, with limited textual evidence. Its primary recorded meaning relates to an act of confession or acknowledgment following a denial.

This root pertains to a specific type of thin tar or bitumen. It describes a liquid substance used historically, possibly for waterproofing or sealing.

The root ذلل primarily concerns the concept of being submissive, humbled, or meek, often as the opposite of being proud or difficult. It extends to meanings of gentleness, ease, and tractability, applicable to both humans and animals, and also describes things that are made easy or accessible.

This root primarily concerns a specific gait or manner of walking, particularly for camels. It describes a smooth, easy, or swift pace, distinguishing it from other types of movement.

This root primarily discusses the letter 'dhāl' (ذ) as a phoneme in Arabic. It touches upon its nature as a voiced consonant and its potential origin from other letters, as well as a related term for something dry or withered.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a tail or trailing part, extending to the end of things, trailing garments, and the tail of a wind or animal. It also develops into meanings related to trailing behind, dragging, and by extension, arrogance or swagger. Furthermore, it encompasses the idea of being diminished, humbled, or insulted.

This root primarily concerns the young of ostriches, specifically their offspring. It extends to concepts of speed, growth, and even specific locations and celestial bodies, often through metaphorical association with the young ostrich.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a lion or wolf, often emphasizing ferocity and aggression. It also extends to meanings of thievery, raiding, and a specific gait.

This root primarily relates to thickness, fleshiness, and abundance, particularly in terms of body fat, meat, and numbers. It also extends to concepts of lush vegetation and, metaphorically, to stealthy or predatory behavior.

This root describes qualities of being large, substantial, and generous. It is used to describe people, animals, and abstract concepts, emphasizing size, well-being, and abundance.

This root primarily concerns the concept of orderly arrangement, proportion, and beauty, particularly in physical appearance like teeth and in speech and recitation. It also extends to concepts of pleasantness, goodness, and deliberate action.

This root appears to describe something short or stunted in stature. It is primarily used as an adjective to denote a person of short build.

The root 'رجل' primarily relates to the leg and foot, encompassing concepts of walking, standing, and movement on foot. It extends to descriptions of terrain, animal gaits, and even the physical act of childbirth. Figuratively, it can refer to individual opinion, a portion of something, or the act of grooming.

The root 'رجل' primarily relates to legs, walking, and movement, but extends to concepts of armies, courage, and even specific types of plants and liquids. It also encompasses notions of time, fear, and poverty.

This root primarily concerns the concept of travel, journeying, and the equipment associated with it, particularly for camels. It extends to encompass the idea of a dwelling or stopping place, and by extension, the act of moving or being moved.

This root primarily concerns young sheep, specifically female lambs, and their young. It extends to the concept of raising or tending to these animals, and by extension, a lineage or tribe.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly limited to a single specific term. It is associated with a description of something fat or plump, but its broader semantic range is unclear due to its limited usage.

This root primarily denotes smallness, specifically referring to young children or small, insignificant things. It can also extend to the concept of being weak or insignificant.

The root 'رذل' (radhala) primarily denotes baseness, lowliness, and inferiority, applying to people, things, and states of being. It encompasses concepts of being common, cheap, worthless, and degraded, often in contrast to nobility or virtue.