Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to relate to the concepts of closing, sealing, and intense thirst or hunger. It also has a less common meaning referring to a hard, rough object.

This root primarily relates to strong, unpleasant odors, particularly from the armpits and body. It also extends to concepts of managing wealth well, a wooden ring or loop, and the description of large or robust animals and things.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a box or container, and by extension, a bag or pouch. It also extends to describe loud, harsh sounds and individuals, particularly women, who are vociferous.

This root appears to be a variant or dialectal form related to the leg or shank, and also to a type of food. The primary focus is on phonetic variations of other words.

This root primarily relates to dust, particularly fine, airborne dust, and by extension, to things that are dusty or associated with dust. It also extends to meanings of odor, sound, and a specific group of people.

This root appears to relate to the act of placing or setting something down firmly, possibly with a sense of impact or suddenness. It also seems to encompass the idea of being placed or situated.

This root primarily concerns the concept of narrowness, constriction, and hardship, both physically and metaphorically. It extends to feelings of distress, poverty, stinginess, doubt, and difficult situations.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of creature, possibly a nocturnal flying mammal. The primary derived term refers to a bat.

This root primarily concerns a type of land tax or tribute, often of Persian origin, levied on agricultural land. It also refers to a specific measure or capacity.

This root primarily describes imitative sounds, particularly the sharp, repetitive noises made by hard objects striking each other, like stones or hooves. It also extends to the sounds of animals, such as frogs or horses running.

The root طلق (ṭ-l-q) primarily relates to release, freedom, and unhindered movement. It extends to concepts of pleasantness, ease, eloquence, and speed, as well as specific applications in horse racing, animal behavior, and even medicine.

This root appears to be related to the name of a specific animal, the bat. The entry is very brief and does not provide extensive derivations or semantic range.

This root primarily describes the concept of rapid movement, specifically walking quickly. It is associated with a particular style of walking attributed to Yemen.

The root طوق primarily relates to the concept of encircling, surrounding, or forming a ring. This extends to physical objects like jewelry worn around the neck, as well as abstract notions of capacity, ability, and burden.

The root 'abaqa' primarily relates to clinging, sticking, and lingering. This extends to the persistence of scents, the adherence of substances, and metaphorically, to lasting impressions or qualities. It also encompasses concepts of being deeply imbued with something, whether a scent, a quality, or even a negative trait.

This root primarily relates to a type of creeping creature or insect found on the ground. It also appears as a proper name.

This root primarily describes something with sharp claws or talons, often associated with swift and fearsome snatching. It can also refer to a person with a bad disposition or ill temper.

This root primarily describes a type of tree and its properties, along with related concepts of abundance and cloud formation. It details the physical characteristics of the tree, its medicinal uses, and metaphorical applications in describing fertile land and dense clouds.

This root primarily concerns the action of reaching into or probing something, often with a tool or by hand, to grasp or extract. It also extends to the idea of gathering or collecting, and metaphorically to making a guess or conjecture.

This root primarily relates to the cluster of dates on a palm tree, and by extension, the palm tree itself. It also extends to concepts of marking, attachment, and a certain kind of robust or mature state, metaphorically applied to people or things.

This root appears to relate to descriptions of young, spirited, and quick-witted individuals, particularly boys. It encompasses terms for a sharp-minded and lively youth.

The root عرق (ʿaraqa) primarily relates to edges, borders, and shores, extending to geographical regions and the act of moving along them. It also encompasses physical attributes like the edge of the ear, and metaphorically, the edge of a courtyard or a difficult situation. Additionally, it denotes specific types of terrain and objects associated with water and travel.

This root primarily relates to difficult, harsh, or stubborn qualities in people and actions. It also extends to agricultural tools for breaking ground and a specific type of unripe fruit.

The root عسق primarily relates to sticking closely to something, being persistent, and also encompasses meanings of crookedness, darkness, and inferior quality. It extends to describe specific types of dates, palm clusters, and even certain types of people or liquids.

This root primarily refers to a type of bitter-tasting tree. It appears to be a specialized botanical term with limited derived meanings.

The root 'asalaqa primarily denotes a type of wild, predatory animal, often characterized by boldness and speed. It extends to describe swiftness, long necks, and can also refer to specific animals like foxes and wolves, as well as the phenomenon of mirage.

This root primarily concerns intense love, often to an excessive degree. It also extends to concepts of clinging, adhering, and a specific type of plant.

This root primarily describes a specific type of plant or tree, its characteristics, and its fruit. It also refers to a place name and a fragrant red plant used by brides.

This root primarily describes extreme tallness, often with negative connotations of being lanky, ungainly, or lacking substance. It can also refer to a long neck or, metaphorically, to a person who is all show and no substance, or ill-tempered.

The root عفق (ʿafq) primarily relates to movement, particularly going and returning, often with a sense of speed or repetition. It also encompasses concepts of returning to a place, visiting frequently, and in some contexts, acting destructively or deceptively. Additionally, it has meanings related to physical actions like striking, copulating, and even involuntary bodily functions.

This root primarily describes something large, loose, or wide, particularly referring to a woman's private parts. It extends to describe a foolish or clumsy person, and by extension, someone with poor speech or actions.

The root علق (ʿalaqa) primarily relates to the concept of attachment, hanging, or sticking. This extends to physical objects being suspended, things clinging to surfaces, and abstract concepts like disputes, desires, or fate being attached to someone. It also encompasses specific items like leeches and certain types of plants.

This root primarily concerns the concept of attachment, clinging, or hanging. It extends to meanings of things that are precious or valuable, as they 'cling' to the heart. It also covers parasitic leeches, and by extension, things that are difficult or burdensome. Furthermore, it relates to pregnancy and the act of conceiving.

This root primarily relates to the concept of something being heavy, burdensome, or difficult to bear. It extends to describe a state of being sluggish, unwell, or experiencing a heavy, oppressive feeling.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of fruit cluster, particularly one that is partially consumed. It describes a bunch of grapes or similar fruit that is eaten while some remains on the stem.

This root primarily relates to concepts of injustice, mixing, and turbidity, particularly concerning water. It also denotes tallness and is associated with a specific ancient giant people, the 'Amaliqah, descendants of Noah.