Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to relate to covering or concealing something, particularly with a curtain or veil. It describes the action of drawing a curtain to obscure or hide.

This root primarily concerns concepts of approaching, drawing near, and moving quickly. It extends to descriptions of speed, haste, and exceeding limits, as well as the idea of a wound reopening or a group of people.

The root زعف (za'afa) primarily relates to intense, swift, and deadly actions, often associated with death, poison, and lethal weapons. It can also extend to exaggeration or falsehood in speech.

The root زعنف (z-ʿ-n-f) primarily relates to fringes, extremities, or scattered/inferior parts of something. It extends to describe ragged edges of fabric, the tips of tanned hides, fins of fish, and metaphorically, the lowliest or most scattered individuals within a group.

The root زغف primarily relates to the concepts of falsehood, exaggeration in speech, and excessive desire or greed. It also extends to descriptions of armor and specific types of dry wood or plant matter.

This root appears to relate to the concept of abundance, particularly in water, and possibly to a type of young animal. The primary usage found is in describing vast, abundant seas.

This root primarily concerns the act of snatching, grabbing, or catching something quickly, especially in mid-air. It is often compared to catching a ball or a thrown object, implying swiftness and sometimes a forceful or opportunistic acquisition.

The root زلف (z-l-f) primarily denotes closeness, proximity, and advancement. Derived terms often refer to nearness in space or status, stages of progression, or things that are brought near.

This root primarily deals with the concept of moving backward, retreating, or falling behind. It often implies a deliberate or reluctant withdrawal from a position or action.

This root primarily describes a type of relaxed, flowing, or hovering movement. It can apply to humans walking, birds flying, or even the surface of water. It also encompasses a specific gymnastic or playful maneuver.

This root primarily concerns the concept of counterfeit or debased currency, specifically coins. It extends to meanings of being inferior, rejected, or of poor quality. Additionally, it describes a specific type of gait or movement characterized by speed, swagger, or a peculiar swaying motion, applicable to humans, animals, and even abstract concepts like war.

This root primarily describes a state of cracking, peeling, or fraying, particularly concerning skin around nails, lips, and palm fibers. It can also extend to describe the texture of certain plant materials or even a feeling of fear.

This root primarily relates to covering, veiling, and curtains, particularly those that hang or are drawn. It extends to the concept of darkness or obscurity and can also refer to specific types of curtains or coverings for doors and tents. Figuratively, it can imply uncovering or revealing.

The root سحف primarily relates to the act of scraping, shaving, or peeling, particularly hair or skin. It extends to meanings of stripping away, and metaphorically, to severe rain that strips the land. It also encompasses concepts of fat deposits on animals and, in a classical context, a long or broad object.

The root سخف primarily denotes a state of thinness, weakness, or lack of substance. This is most commonly applied to the mind, signifying foolishness or lack of intelligence. It can also refer to physical thinness, fragility, or scarcity, such as in the case of food, vegetation, or wealth.

The root سرف (s-r-f) primarily denotes exceeding a limit, going beyond what is appropriate or intended. This encompasses concepts of extravagance, wastefulness, excess in speech or action, and making mistakes by misplacing something. It can also refer to ignorance, oversight, or a state of being accustomed to something.

This root primarily relates to good nourishment, growth, and the resulting qualities of being well-fed, tender, and graceful. It extends to describe things that are slender, long, and light, often with a connotation of elegance or agility.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily describing something as long or tall. It is not a common root in classical or modern Arabic.

This root primarily concerns the concept of good nourishment and sustenance. It describes the state of being well-fed, the act of providing good food, and individuals who are characterized by their appetite or good feeding.

The root سعف primarily relates to the fronds or leaves of a palm tree, especially when dry. It extends to encompass concepts of closeness, reaching, fulfilling needs, and aiding others. Additionally, it denotes certain ailments and characteristics of animals, as well as furnishings and possessions.

The root سفف (s-f-f) primarily relates to the act of taking something dry, often powdered or granular, by mouth, like medicine or food. It extends to concepts of closeness, proximity, and drawing near, as well as weaving or interlacing, and can also describe something low, inferior, or insignificant.

This root primarily concerns the threshold of a door and related architectural elements. It extends to describe the eyelids and eyelashes, and metaphorically, a skilled craftsman or someone adept at a task.

This root primarily concerns the turtle, specifically its different names and genders. It also touches upon the morphology of derived words related to turtles.

This root describes someone or something that is disordered, disarranged, or ill-formed in their creation or structure. It can refer to a person's physical build or the state of something being jumbled.

This root primarily relates to the act of swallowing or consuming something quickly. It also extends to describing a person of disordered or awkward physical constitution.

This root primarily relates to the act of swallowing or consuming something whole. It also describes a large, robust, or thick-set creature, particularly a cow, and by extension, something substantial or imposing.

This root primarily concerns straps, cords, or bands used to secure or stabilize something, particularly on animals like camels and horses. It extends to concepts of advancement, firmness, and even the fruit casing of certain plants.

This root pertains to the concept of being large, tall, and imposing. It describes something or someone of significant physical stature and presence.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being lean, slender, or thin, particularly in a way that suggests agility or grace. It may also extend to descriptions of objects or abstract qualities that are fine or delicate.

This root primarily describes intense thirst and its effects, including the dying struggles of a person or animal. It also extends to the scales of a fish and a type of passage.

The root SOF (سوف) primarily relates to the concept of delay, postponement, and waiting. It extends to meanings of patience, endurance, and even the act of smelling or sniffing. In a more abstract sense, it can denote destruction or ruin, and in specific contexts, it refers to geographical features or building elements.

This root primarily concerns the sword, its use, and related concepts. It extends to descriptions of things resembling a sword in shape or function, such as certain winds or plants, and also includes meanings related to the seashore and a specific type of horse.

This root primarily concerns afflictions, particularly sores and wounds, and by extension, their eradication or the desire for it. It also extends to feelings of hatred, aversion, and fear, as well as concepts of origin and destruction.

This root primarily concerns the concept of peeling or flaking off, specifically referring to skin or a thin outer layer. It can also denote a type of garment or a specific geographical location.

This root primarily relates to the sound of milk being milked, and by extension, the milk itself. It also encompasses the concept of a specific type of milk or a sound associated with it.

This root primarily concerns the concept of cutting or separating pieces from something, and by extension, darkness or obscurity. It also extends to describing physical forms, shapes, and movements, particularly in animals, often implying a deviation or irregularity.

The root شرف (sharafa) primarily relates to nobility, honor, and high status. It extends to concepts of elevation, prominence, and excellence, often associated with elevated places, esteemed individuals, and superior qualities. The root also encompasses meanings related to speed, specific geographical locations, and certain types of plants and dyes.

This root primarily relates to the concept of thickness, breadth, and robustness, particularly concerning the foot. It extends to describe a person or animal prepared for combat or a swift, powerful movement.

This root primarily relates to the cartilaginous or bony ends of ribs, particularly those near the abdomen. It also extends to describe a sheep with white markings on these areas and, metaphorically, to a restrained or captured animal.

This root appears to relate to specific botanical terms, possibly referring to a type of plant or fruit, and also a specific type of incense or aromatic substance.

This root pertains to the leaves or stalks of crops, specifically when they are abundant, overgrown, and at risk of spoiling. It describes the act of cutting these parts of the plant, often associated with a specific Yemeni dialect.

The root شسف (sh-s-f) primarily denotes dryness, parching, and emaciation, often applied to animals, plants, or even meat. It conveys a sense of being withered, dried out, or severely lean due to hardship or lack of moisture.

This root primarily relates to deviation, turning away, or moving aside from something. It can also describe something that is distant or has gone far, sometimes implying a missed target or a wrong direction.

This root primarily denotes hardship, austerity, and dryness, particularly in the context of living conditions and sustenance. It extends to describe physical harshness in objects like wood and land, and can also refer to specific physical conditions or actions.