سرف

Root entry · 14 derived lemmas

The root سرف (s-r-f) primarily denotes exceeding a limit, going beyond what is appropriate or intended. This encompasses concepts of extravagance, wastefulness, excess in speech or action, and making mistakes by misplacing something. It can also refer to ignorance, oversight, or a state of being accustomed to something.

Derived headwords

السَّرَفُ والإسرافُnoun

1.
Extravagance, excessboth
Going beyond the intended measure or limit; exceeding what is appropriate or necessary.
2.
Wastefulnessboth
Spending or using something excessively and without purpose or benefit.

أسرفَverb

1.
To be extravagantboth
To exceed the proper limits in spending or using something.
2.
To exceed limitsboth
To go beyond what is permissible or reasonable in speech, action, or behavior.
3.
To make a mistakeclassical
To err or act incorrectly, often by misplacing something or acting without proper consideration.
4.
To be ignorantclassical
To be unaware or lacking knowledge about something.

السَّرَفُnoun

1.
Excessboth
Going beyond the proper limit or measure.
2.
Mistake, errorclassical
An act of misplacing something or acting wrongly.
3.
Oversight, negligenceclassical
Failing to notice or act upon something.
4.
Ignoranceclassical
Lack of knowledge or understanding.
5.
Habituation, addictionclassical
A strong inclination or addiction to something.

قَتَرَverb

1.
To be stingyclassical
To be parsimonious or to fall short of what is right.

يُسرفُverb

1.
He exceeds limitsboth
He goes beyond the proper bounds in spending, action, or speech.

يُقترُّواverb

1.
They are stingyclassical
They are parsimonious or fall short of their rights.

السَّرِفُadjective

1.
Extravagantclassical
One who exceeds limits or acts wastefully.
2.
Mistaken, ignorantclassical
One who errs or is unaware.

سَرَفَverb

1.
To neglectclassical
To overlook, forget, or fail to act upon something.
2.
To errclassical
To make a mistake or act wrongly.
3.
To exceedclassical
To go beyond a limit.

السَّرَفَةُnoun

1.
Silkwormclassical
A type of grub or insect that spins a cocoon, often used in proverbs for craftsmanship.
2.
Wood-boring insectclassical
A small insect that bores into wood and builds a nest.

مَسْرُوفَةadjective

1.
Eared sheepclassical
A sheep whose ear has been cut off.

الأسْرَفُnoun

1.
Lead (metal)classical
A type of metal, also known as 'anaka'.

سَرَفٌname

1.
Sarif (place name)classical
A place name mentioned in relation to Mecca.

مُسْرِفٌname

1.
Musrif (name/title)classical
A name or title, possibly referring to Muslim bin Uqbah for his actions in the Battle of Al-Harrah.

إسرافيلname

1.
Israfilclassical
An angelic name, possibly derived from 'Israfil' or 'Israfeen'.

Parallel reading

السرف والإسراف: مجاوزة القصد.

Al-saraf and al-israf: going beyond the intended measure.

وأسرف في ماله: عجل من غير قصد

And he was extravagant with his wealth: he spent quickly without intention.

وأما السرف الذي نهى الله عنه، فهو ما أنفق في غير طاعة الله، قليلا كان أو كثيرا.

As for the extravagance that God forbade, it is what is spent not in obedience to God, whether little or much.

والإسراف في النفقة: التبذير.

And extravagance in spending is wastefulness.

والذين إذا أنفقوا لم يسرفوا ولم يقتروا

And those who, when they spend, do not waste and do not restrict.

لم يسرفوا أي لم يضعوه في غير موضعه

They do not waste, meaning they do not put it in a place other than its proper place.

ولم يقتروا لم يقصروا به عن حقه

And they do not restrict, meaning they do not fall short of its right.

ولا تسرفوا، الإسراف أكل ما لا يحل أكله

And do not be extravagant; extravagance is eating what is not permissible to eat.

وقيل: هو مجاوزة القصد في الأكل مما أحله الله

And it was said: it is exceeding the limit in eating from what God has made permissible.

والسرف: ضد القصد.

And al-saraf: the opposite of moderation.

وأكله سرفا أي في عجلة.

And he ate it extravagantly, meaning in haste.

ولا تأكلوها إسرافا وبدارا أن يكبروا

And do not eat them extravagantly and in haste for them to grow up.

وأسرف في الكلام وفي القتل: أفرط.

And he was extravagant in speech and in killing: he went to extremes.

ومن قتل مظلوما فقد جعلنا لوليه سلطانا فلا يسرف في القتل

And whoever is killed unjustly, We have given his heir authority, so let him not exceed limits in [the matter of] killing.

فقيل: هو أن يقتل غير قاتل صاحبه

And it was said: it is to kill other than the killer of his companion.

والسرف: الخطأ.

And al-saraf: error.

ما في عطائهم من ولا سرف أي إغفال

There is no oversight in their giving, meaning negligence.

يريد أنهم لم يخطئوا في عطيتهم ولكنهم وضعوها موضعها

He means that they did not err in their giving, but rather they placed it in its proper place.

شمر: سرف الماء ما ذهب منه في غير سقي ولا نفع

Shammir: Al-saraf of water is what goes from it without watering or benefit.

وسرفت يمينه أي لم أعرفها

And his oath was 'sarifat', meaning I did not know it.

والسرف: الضراوة.

And al-saraf: habituation.

إن للحم سرفا كسرف الخمر

Indeed, meat has a habituation like the habituation of wine.

أي ضراوة كضراوة الخمر وشدة كشدتها

Meaning a habituation like the habituation of wine and a severity like its severity.

والسرف: الخطأ.

And al-saraf: error.

وسرف الشيء، بالكسر، سرفا: أغفله وأخطأه وجهله

And to 'sarifa' a thing, with kasra, 'sarfan': to neglect it, err in it, and be ignorant of it.

والسرف: الإغفال.

And al-saraf: oversight.

والسرف: الجهل.

And al-saraf: ignorance.

وسرف القوم: جاوزهم.

And 'sarifa' the people: he passed them.

ورجل سرف الفؤاد: مخطئ الفؤاد غافله

And a man 'sarif al-fu'ad': mistaken of heart, neglectful of it.

وسرف العقل أي قليل.

And 'sarif al-'aql' meaning little.

أردتكم فسرفتكم أي أغفلتكم.

I wanted you, so I 'sariftukum', meaning I overlooked you.

من هو مسرف مرتاب

He who is extravagant and in doubt.

كافر شاك.

An unbeliever, doubter.

أسرف الرجل إذا جاوز الحد، وأسرف إذا أخطأ، وأسرف إذا غفل، وأسرف إذا جهل.

A man 'asrafa' if he exceeds the limit, and 'asrafa' if he errs, and 'asrafa' if he is negligent, and 'asrafa' if he is ignorant.

مررت فسرفتكم أي أغفلتكم.

I passed by, so I 'sariftukum', meaning I overlooked you.

والسرفة: دودة القز

And al-sarafah: the silkworm.

وهي التي يضرب بها المثل فيقال: أصنع من سرفة

And it is she about whom the proverb is said: 'More skillful than a sarafah'.

وأرض سرفة: كثيرة السرفة

And a land 'sarifah': abundant with al-sarafah (insects).

وسرف الطعام إذا ائتكل حتى كأن السرفة أصابته.

And food 'sarifa' if it spoils as if the al-sarafah (insect) has afflicted it.

وسرفت الشجرة: أصابتها السرفة.

And the tree 'sarifat': the al-sarafah (insect) afflicted it.

وسرفت السرفة الشجرة تسرفها سرفا إذا أكلت ورقها

And the al-sarafah (insect) 'sarifat' the tree, 'tasrifuha sarfan', if it eats its leaves.

فإن هناك سرحة لم تجرد ولم تسرف، سر تحتها سبعون نبيا فانزل تحتها

For there is a lote tree there that is neither stripped nor afflicted by the 'sarafah' (insect); seventy prophets rested beneath it, so rest beneath it.

لم تسرف لم تصبها السرفة وهي هذه الدودة التي تقدم شرحها.

It was not 'musrafah', meaning the 'sarafah' (insect) did not afflict it, which is this worm whose explanation has preceded.

وشاة مسروفة: مقطوعة الأذن أصلا.

And a sheep 'masruufah': one whose ear is cut off from its origin.

والأسرف: الآنك، فارسية معربة.

And al-asraf: lead, a Persian word Arabized.

عفا سرف من أهله فسراوع

Sarif was deserted by its people, then it was rebuilt.

وكان يكون بمكة ودونها من قديد وسرف وحول مكة في بواديها.

And he used to reside in Mecca and places below it like Qudayd and Sarif, and around Mecca in its deserts.

أنه تزوج ميمونة بسرف ، هو بكسر الراء، موضع من مكة على عشرة أميال

That he married Maymunah in Sarif, which is with a kasra on the ra, a place near Mecca, ten miles away.

وبنو اللكيعه

And the sons of Al-Lakiah.

وإسرافيل: اسم أعجمي كأنه مضاف إلى إيل

And Israfil: a foreign name, as if it is added to 'il.

ويقال في لغة إسرافين كما قالوا جبرين وإسمعين وإسرائين

And it is said in the language 'Israfeen' as they said 'Jibreen', 'Isma'een', and 'Isra'een'.