Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of appearing, emerging, or becoming prominent. It is often used to describe something becoming evident or manifesting, particularly in the context of talent or skill.

The root 'ndgh' primarily relates to the act of poking, prodding, or stinging, whether physically with a finger or a spear, or verbally through sharp words. It also encompasses the idea of being habitually inclined towards such actions.

This root primarily concerns the act of instigating, inciting, or provoking someone, often with malicious intent. It extends to actions of undermining, slandering, or corrupting others through words or deeds.

This root primarily relates to the act of piercing, poking, or pricking, often with a sharp object like a whip or needle. It also extends to concepts of growth and sprouting, particularly in plants, and the use of tools for specific tasks.

This root primarily describes intense, involuntary gasping or sobbing, often associated with extreme emotion like longing or grief. It also extends to the act of administering medicine or teaching through forceful instruction.

This root pertains to fleshy growths or swellings, specifically those found in the throat near the uvula. It describes a physical condition related to the throat.

This root appears to relate to the concept of the 'upper part' or 'summit' of something, whether a physical object like a mountain or head, or a more abstract concept like the best or choicest of a group.

This root appears to relate to bodily functions, specifically flatulence, and potentially to lying or deception, though the latter is less clear from the provided text.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of destruction, perishing, and ruin. It extends to the idea of sinning as a cause or consequence of this destruction, and the act of causing someone or something to be destroyed.

This root primarily concerns the act of creating or establishing a step or platform, particularly for a female camel. It also relates to the resulting structure itself.

This root primarily relates to small reptiles, specifically lizards. It also extends to concepts of formation, expulsion, and testing, particularly in biological and medical contexts.

This root primarily deals with the concept of something being small, meager, or scarce. It can also extend to the idea of giving or bestowing something, often in a limited or meager quantity.

This root primarily concerns the act of lapping or licking with the tongue, particularly water or liquids. It extends to the idea of consuming or drinking in this manner, and by extension, to the act of drawing blood. Figuratively, it can describe a lack of shame or concern for reproach.

This root primarily denotes the concept of being slow, sluggish, or inactive. It can describe a state of physical slowness or a lack of eagerness and initiative.

This root appears to relate to a sudden or premature death. It describes an accelerated demise, possibly a swift end brought about by external factors.

This root primarily relates to abundance, prosperity, and flourishing, particularly in terms of sustenance and good living conditions. It can describe fertile land, a prosperous year, or a state of plentiful food and drink.

This root primarily relates to the concept of placing something firmly, often in the context of cooking or settling in a place. It also extends to the idea of following or adhering to someone.

This root primarily concerns the concept of boundaries, limits, and demarcations, particularly in relation to land ownership and property division. It also extends to the idea of marking or defining something.

This root primarily concerns the concept of approaching, drawing near, and hastening. It is often used in contexts of time, events, and urgency, particularly in relation to the end times.

This root primarily concerns intense sadness, grief, and regret. It also extends to anger, and in derived forms, can refer to someone quick to grieve or anger, a servant, or infertile land. It also includes names of idols.

This root appears to relate to the act of mending or repairing, specifically concerning footwear. It describes the tools and the person involved in this craft.

This root primarily concerns the expression of displeasure, disgust, or contempt, often through the interjection 'uff'. It also extends to concepts of time and occasion.

This root primarily concerns the saddle or pack placed on a donkey or mule. It also extends to the act of fastening or securing such a saddle.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'thousand' as a number, and by extension, the idea of familiarity, companionship, and bringing things together. It encompasses numerical quantities, the act of becoming accustomed to something or someone, and the act of uniting or reconciling disparate elements.

This root primarily concerns the nose (الأنف) and its physical attributes, extending to the concept of the beginning or foremost part of something. It also develops into meanings related to pride, haughtiness, and the act of starting anew or initiating.

This root primarily concerns afflictions, calamities, and misfortunes that befall something, particularly crops. It describes the state of being afflicted or damaged by such an event.

This root primarily concerns gifts, presents, and things that are pleasing or delightful. It also extends to concepts of rarity, uniqueness, and the act of presenting something.

This root primarily deals with concepts related to luxury, ease, and being spoiled or indulged. It can also refer to a physical protrusion, particularly on the lip.

This root primarily concerns destruction, ruin, and loss. It describes the state of perishing, the act of causing something to be destroyed, and the concept of something being wasted or in vain. It can also refer to a dangerous, desolate place.

This root primarily relates to desolate, arid, and vast expanses of land, often implying a sense of remoteness or emptiness. It describes a desert or wasteland, emphasizing its barren and uninhabited nature.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of becoming skillful, intelligent, and sharp. It also extends to the idea of encountering or finding something, and metaphorically, to straightening or refining objects.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of being thrown down, terrified, or hungry. It describes a state of being overcome, either physically or emotionally, and also extends to a feeling of intense hunger.

The root جحف (j-ḥ-f) primarily relates to the concept of sweeping away, carrying off, or overwhelming something completely. This often applies to destructive forces like floods or death, but can also describe physical proximity or a specific type of ailment.

This root primarily concerns the concept of arrogance, haughtiness, and boasting. It also extends to describe a specific type of sound associated with sleep.

This root primarily relates to the movement of wings, specifically a bird's clipped wings, and by extension, the oar or paddle of a boat. It also encompasses the concept of a grave and an uncovered portion of a drink.

This root primarily deals with the concept of speaking, saying, and uttering words. It extends to related ideas like asking questions, responding, and the content of speech, including both literal and figurative meanings.

This root primarily relates to the concept of cutting or severing, often in a forceful or rapid manner. It extends to describe swift movement, particularly in walking or the action of a tool used for propulsion or striking.

This root primarily concerns the concept of taking or sweeping away a large amount of something, often with force, like water eroding land or a sweeping disaster. It also extends to actions of clearing, marking, and measuring.

This root primarily deals with taking something without proper knowledge or assessment, often implying a risk or a lack of precision. It encompasses concepts of acting rashly, estimating without basis, or dealing with things in a wholesale, unexamined manner.

This root primarily relates to forceful actions like overthrowing, uprooting, and destruction. It also encompasses a proper noun referring to a specific Yemeni tribe.

This root primarily deals with the concept of dryness, becoming dry, and causing something to dry. It extends to related ideas like a dried-up state, withered plants, and even a group of people or a container, possibly due to a sense of being 'dried out' or gathered together.

The root جلف primarily relates to concepts of peeling, stripping, or removing outer layers, whether literal (like skin or mud) or figurative (like wealth or harshness). It also extends to containers and the idea of being stripped bare or hollowed out.

This root primarily concerns the concept of deviation, inclination, or leaning, whether physical or metaphorical. It extends to concepts of injustice, crookedness, and even specific place names.

This root primarily concerns the concept of hollowness, interior, or cavity. It extends to the abdomen and internal organs of humans and animals, as well as to deep or hollow places in the earth. It also describes things that are hollow, spacious, or have been penetrated.

This root primarily concerns the state of a dead body, specifically one that has begun to decompose or become putrid. It also extends to the process of decay and the resulting state of the deceased.

This root primarily concerns death, specifically a natural or unviolent end. It also refers to a specific historical lineage and a particular manner of dying.

This root primarily relates to shields and defensive coverings, extending to concepts of opposition, defense, and self-restraint. It describes a type of shield and actions associated with defending or obstructing.

The root 'حذف' primarily denotes the act of cutting off, removing, or discarding something. It extends to meanings of throwing, striking, and preparing or shaping objects, as well as referring to specific types of small sheep and a horse's name.

This root primarily concerns edges, borders, and sharp points, extending to abstract concepts like a single aspect or a difficult situation. It also encompasses notions of scarcity, deprivation, and the act of changing or deviating.

This root primarily describes a cold wind. It appears to be a specialized term with limited derived forms.