Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily describes acts of striking or hitting, often with a projectile like gravel, causing injury. It extends to taking everything from someone, sexual intercourse, and also denotes a wise and cunning person.

This root primarily describes physical formations related to the ground and water, such as the bottom of a well or valley. It also extends to describe eye conditions and growths.

This root primarily relates to persistence, insistence, and clinging. It extends to concepts of being stuck, slow, or difficult, and also describes physical closeness or tightness, and even specific food items.

This root primarily describes the act of striking or hitting someone, often with a hand or a flat object. It encompasses various nuances of forceful impact and slapping.

This root describes a specific physical sensation, primarily related to the mouth and throat. It refers to a sticky or viscous fluid that can accumulate, often associated with eating certain fruits.

This root primarily concerns the act of striking or hitting, often with a degree of gentleness or a specific manner. It also extends to the concept of something drying up and leaving no trace.

This root primarily deals with the concept of striking or hitting, often with a sharp object like a sword, and also the sensation of burning or scorching, particularly from fire. It extends to describe a specific plant and its fruit.

This root primarily concerns the concept of conception, fertilization, and pregnancy, particularly in animals like camels. It extends to related ideas such as the male's contribution, the state of being pregnant, and the offspring. Metaphorically, it can refer to readiness, maturity, or a state of being prepared for action, often in the context of war or experience.

This root primarily describes the act of striking or poking someone, often with a fist or a similar object. It conveys a sense of forceful contact, sometimes implying a deliberate action to cause discomfort or pain.

This root primarily concerns the concept of quick, fleeting glances, brief appearances, and subtle indications. It extends to meanings of shining, appearing, and recognizing something quickly. It also encompasses related concepts like resemblance and sharp-wittedness.

The root اللوح primarily relates to broad, flat objects, and by extension, to things that are visible or appear. It also encompasses concepts of thirst, change, and swiftness, often associated with visual phenomena like lightning or shining.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pulling, drawing out, or extracting something. It extends to actions like striking, cutting, and uprooting. Figuratively, it can describe the progression of time or distance.

This root primarily relates to the concept of arrogance, haughtiness, and boasting. It also encompasses specific proper nouns, including a horse's name and names of prominent individuals.

This root primarily relates to concepts of purity, essence, and refinement, but also extends to meanings of decay, hunger, and deceit. It encompasses terms for worn-out clothing, the pure core of something, and the yolk of an egg. Additionally, it describes states of hunger, falsehood, and scarcity, as well as characteristics of people and land.

This root primarily concerns the concept of praise, commendation, and eulogy. It extends to related ideas such as boasting, exaggeration, and even physical expansion of land or body parts.

This root primarily relates to sensations and conditions of friction, irritation, and unpleasantness, particularly concerning the body. It also extends to the concept of something being foul or putrid, and actions related to absorption or swelling.

This root primarily describes states of exuberance, playfulness, and excessive liveliness, often associated with youth, animals, or good fortune. It can also denote negative states like arrogance, weakness, or eye ailments, and has specific applications in agriculture and warfare.

This root primarily concerns the concept of jesting, playing, and lighthearted interaction. It extends to related ideas like playful teasing, and in a more specialized sense, the fruiting or ripening of vines.

The root المسح primarily relates to the act of wiping or passing a hand over something, often to remove something or to bless. It extends to concepts of measurement, travel, and even metaphorical meanings like deception or falsehood. The root also encompasses specific entities and conditions associated with these actions.

This root primarily relates to friction, rubbing, or a scraping sensation, often associated with physical contact or harsh conditions. It extends to describe scarcity and drought, and the clearing of the sky.

This root primarily relates to the concept of something diminishing, disappearing, or becoming less. It extends to the fading of color, the shortening of shadows, the cessation of milk flow, and the healing of illness. It also encompasses the idea of something being taken away or gone.

This root primarily relates to spoiling, damaging, or causing something to become flawed. It can also extend to meanings of spreading, shining, or becoming abundant, particularly in reference to natural phenomena like the sun or herds.

This root primarily refers to a type of bird of prey, specifically a falcon or hawk. It encompasses terms for the bird itself and potentially related concepts or descriptive terms.

This root primarily concerns the act of striking or hitting, particularly with the hand. It also extends to sexual intercourse and, in a different semantic branch, to the rising and abundant flow of a valley.

This root primarily concerns the concept of giving, granting, or bestowing something, often as a gift or favor. It extends to related ideas like providing sustenance, offering something for temporary use, and the act of requesting such a grant. The root also encompasses specific applications related to livestock and even metaphorical uses for natural phenomena.

This root primarily relates to forms of movement and action, including specific gaits, drawing water, and intercession. It also encompasses abstract concepts like benefit, hygiene, and even colors and specific objects.

This root primarily concerns the sounds made by animals, particularly dogs, but extends to other creatures and even human vocalizations. It also encompasses related concepts like noise, groups, and specific objects or places associated with these sounds.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sweating, exuding, or oozing. It extends to describe the exudation of sap from trees and moisture from the ground. It also encompasses related concepts like fatness and a type of bird.

This root primarily concerns achieving success, victory, and the fulfillment of needs or desires. It extends to concepts of good judgment, swiftness, and perseverance, as well as the idea of dreams coming true.

This root primarily relates to the sound of clearing the throat or a suppressed cough, often indicating hesitation or a subtle vocalization. It also extends to meanings of urging, harshness, and qualities like patience, generosity, and stinginess.

This root primarily relates to concepts of abundance, spaciousness, and expansion. It also encompasses meanings of heaviness, distance, and dispersal, often in a figurative sense.

This root primarily concerns the concept of distance, both physical and temporal. It also extends to the depletion or exhaustion of a well's water, metaphorically representing a state of being far removed or depleted.

This root primarily relates to the shedding or scattering of dry material, such as the husk of dates or dust. It also extends to concepts of desire and geographical locations like valleys.

This root primarily concerns the act of drinking, specifically drinking a small amount or drinking until full. It also extends to the concept of providing water to quench thirst, particularly for horses, and refers to a small quantity of water or a state of intoxication.

This root primarily concerns sincerity, purity, and genuineness, extending to concepts of advice, loyalty, and thoroughness. It also encompasses meanings related to mending, sewing, and satiation, particularly in the context of drinking or watering.

This root primarily concerns the act of sprinkling or splashing liquids, often water. It extends to concepts of watering plants, moistening, and by extension, to shooting arrows, and even to bodily fluids or emissions. It also encompasses related actions like drawing water and specific types of bows or wounds.

This root primarily concerns the act of butting or striking with the head, often with horns. It extends to metaphorical uses like encountering difficulties or signifying ill omens, and also describes specific physical attributes of animals.

This root primarily describes the process of grain developing within a stalk, specifically when it becomes floury or milky. It is related to the concept of ripeness and the internal transformation of the grain.

The root 'نفح' primarily relates to the act of emitting a scent or fragrance, or a gust of wind. It extends to concepts of giving, touching, and even fighting or confronting. Derived terms also encompass specific items like rennet and plants, as well as descriptions of people and animals.

This root primarily concerns the act of extracting, refining, or removing something from a core or surface. It extends to concepts of pruning, cleaning, and even abstract notions like refining speech or a person's character. It also encompasses specific meanings related to weather phenomena and physical decline.

This root primarily concerns the act of sexual intercourse and the legal contract of marriage. It also extends to related concepts like being married, marrying someone off, and the physical act itself, with some metaphorical extensions.

This root primarily concerns the act of lamenting, wailing, and crying, often associated with mourning for the deceased. It also extends to related concepts like gathering for mourning, the sounds of grief, and even the vocalizations of animals like wolves and doves.

This root primarily describes the process of hardening or becoming firm, particularly after a period of softness or moisture. It extends to the idea of strengthening or making something robust, and metaphorically to the act of giving or bestowing.

This root primarily denotes scarcity, insignificance, or a small amount of something. It extends to concepts of diminishing wealth, exerting effort, and achieving a minimal result.

This root primarily relates to covering, concealing, and protection. It extends to concepts of smooth surfaces, solid materials, and providing refuge or shelter. It can also denote appearing, emerging, or reaching a certain depth.

This root primarily relates to sounds, particularly hoarse or loud vocalizations, and actions associated with cold or exertion. It also encompasses terms for specific animals, objects, and abstract concepts like poverty.

This root primarily relates to submission, yielding, and compliance, often under duress or with a sense of humility. It also extends to concepts of improvement, particularly concerning animals and water basins, and a specific meaning related to a ram's inaction.

This root primarily describes a sticky, unpleasant substance adhering to sheep's wool, often a mixture of dung and urine. It also extends to meanings related to moral corruption, a specific type of woman, and a derogatory term for a person.

This root primarily concerns adornments worn around the neck and shoulders, particularly by women. It extends to metaphorical uses related to girding or equipping oneself, and also includes specific names for swords and geographical locations.