Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily relates to the visible or hidden joints of fingers, particularly the middle finger of birds, and by extension, the knuckles or protruding bones of fingers. It also extends to meanings of harsh speech and is associated with specific tribal names and historical figures.

This root primarily relates to a type of fever or illness characterized by delirium. It also encompasses terms for silk, a type of plant, and a place name, possibly derived from the core meaning or through unrelated etymology.

This root primarily relates to expressions of sadness, grief, and intense staring. It also encompasses terms for a veil, a specific type of early-ripening date, and a metaphorical use of 'iron gaze'.

This root appears to refer to a stopper or a lid for containers, particularly those made of wax or similar materials. It denotes the object used to seal a vessel.

This root primarily describes physical features related to large lips or mouths, and by extension, the state of being angry or sullen. It also encompasses the concept of speech impediment and the darkness of night.

This root primarily concerns the early stages of plant development, specifically the bud or blossom before it opens. It also extends to related concepts like the initial growth of trees and, metaphorically, to elevated parts of mountains or specific geographical features.

This root primarily deals with the concept of prolonged or fixed gazing, stillness of the eye, and the budding of trees. It also encompasses a significant section on the proper name Ibrahim and its variations, along with related terms like its diminutive, plurals, and specific historical or descriptive derivatives.

This root primarily relates to biting, gripping, or taking hold of something. It extends to concepts of carrying a burden, milking, seizing possessions, and making a firm decision. It also encompasses specific objects and quantities.

This root primarily concerns the act of smiling, specifically a gentle and pleasant form of laughter. It also extends to related concepts like the mouth or teeth, and metaphorically, to tasting or experiencing something.

This root primarily refers to a proper name, likely derived from a descriptive term. It is associated with individuals, including historical figures and scholars, and the place name derived from one of these individuals.

This root primarily relates to feelings of fullness, satiety, and weariness, often associated with overindulgence. It also extends to a specific aromatic tree whose leaves have dyeing properties and to proper names of poets.

This root primarily relates to the concept of thickness, bulkiness, or coarseness, particularly in reference to physical objects like fingers or garments. It can also describe something that is wide or broad.

This root relates to the concept of swelling, thickening, or becoming firm. It describes physical growth and maturation, particularly in plants and grains, and can also refer to the act of breathing.

This entry discusses the Pistacia tree, its green fruit, and its medicinal properties. The fruit is described as warming, diuretic, and beneficial for coughs, facial paralysis, and kidney ailments. Its dried leaves are used to promote hair growth and improve its condition.

This root appears to relate to a ring, specifically a signet ring, and the foolish behavior associated with wearing one. It describes the act of displaying or gesturing with a ring in a way that signifies foolishness or arrogance.

This root primarily refers to idols, statues, and effigies, particularly those made of wood or painted. It can also describe someone who is silent or unable to speak, especially in the context of poetry.

This root appears to be primarily used as a proper name, specifically referring to a person associated with a mosque in Al-Hirah. There is no clear semantic extension or common usage beyond this specific designation.

This root primarily concerns the act of making a soft, low, or choked sound, often associated with animals calling their young or expressing emotion. It can also refer to speaking indistinctly or in a gentle manner.

This root appears to be a proper noun, possibly a place name or a personal name. Its usage is primarily as a fixed term rather than denoting a semantic concept with derived forms.

This root primarily concerns a type of tree (البقم) and its wood, which has medicinal and dyeing properties. It also extends to related concepts like wool, weak-mindedness, a specific Arab tribe, and ailments affecting animals.

This root primarily concerns the state of being mute or speechless, encompassing congenital muteness, acquired speechlessness due to illness or intent, and the inability to speak.

This root primarily relates to small fish, and then extends to concepts of desire, physical attributes like thick lips, and specific plants. It also encompasses terms for certain animals, abstract qualities, and geographical locations.

This root describes someone who is slow-witted, heavy-tongued, and generally lacking in eloquence or quickness of thought. It can also refer to the collective group of people or a general populace.

This root primarily relates to a specific veterinary practice involving the tendons or ligaments of an animal's limbs, often due to a disease.

This root primarily relates to concepts of heaviness, slowness, and dullness, often applied to physical appearance, disposition, or even the quality of a sword. It can also denote parts of the throat or chest and the emotion of fear.

This root primarily relates to states of silence, often associated with fear or aversion. It also encompasses terms for specific substances like resin or pitch, and a medical condition.

This root appears to be related to the concept of sealing or closing something, possibly with a stamp or a seal. It might also extend to the idea of being sealed off or impenetrable.

This root primarily concerns the throat and the act of swallowing. It extends to describe the passage of food, anatomical features related to the mouth, and also metaphorical uses related to excessive eating or specific geographical/tribal names.

This root primarily concerns phlegm, a bodily humor. It also extends to related concepts like mucus, congestion, and the medical understanding of these substances.

This root primarily relates to the thickest string of a lute or oud, and also refers to a type of lute from Kirman. It also has a distinct meaning related to owls.

This root primarily relates to the extremities of the fingers, specifically the fingertips or the tips of the fingers. It can also refer to the fingers themselves or the act of pointing with them.

This root primarily refers to the owl, a nocturnal bird of prey. It encompasses both the general term for the bird and specific instances or titles associated with it.

This root primarily relates to animals, particularly young livestock and beasts of burden. It extends to concepts of obscurity, difficulty, and things being undifferentiated or unadorned, often metaphorically.

This root primarily relates to the color red and substances associated with it, such as saffron and henna. It also extends to terms for specific flowers, religious practices, and personal names.

This root appears to describe something that is solid, strong, and unyielding. It is related to physical robustness and potentially a firm disposition.

This root primarily concerns the concept of twins, encompassing both the biological state of being born together and related metaphorical extensions. It also includes derived terms for weaving, running, and celestial or geographical references.

This root primarily relates to the concept of weaving, dyeing, and colors, particularly dark or intense hues. It also extends to describing the appearance of horses and specific types of garments.

This root primarily concerns the concept of boundaries, borders, and demarcations between lands. It extends to the idea of adjacency and the state of being adjacent, as well as a desired condition or state.

This root primarily relates to concepts of humility, being stained or blemished, and physical ailments. It also includes place names and specific phrases.

This root primarily relates to interpretation, translation, and the role of an interpreter. It encompasses the act of explaining, clarifying meaning, and the person who performs this function.

This entry discusses the origin and etymology of the name 'Turkmen'. It explains that the name is derived from a group of Turks who embraced Islam, with the term evolving over time.

This root appears to relate to a specific place name, possibly a mountain or a region. The derived terms are primarily geographical names.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being overfull or stuffed, particularly with food. It can also refer to a specific tribal name.

This root appears to be related to a specific proper noun, likely a tribal or personal name. The entry defines it as a female descendant of prominent Arab tribes.

This root primarily relates to the concept of furrows or channels in the earth, often created by plowing. It also extends to describe a young boy and specific crafts or tools associated with them.

The root 'تم' primarily concerns the concept of completeness, perfection, and finality. It extends to actions that achieve or cause completeness, as well as states of being complete or nearly complete. It also encompasses related concepts like the longest nights of winter and specific astronomical or metrical terms.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of tree and its medicinal uses, as well as the action of a camel eating it. It also touches upon the concept of warts and their removal.

This root primarily relates to pearls and large, precious stones, often associated with jewelry or the sea. It also extends to geographical locations and specific types of water sources.

This root primarily relates to a change in smell or taste, often associated with staleness or unpleasantness. It also extends to concepts of weakness, confusion, and a specific geographical region (Tihamah) and its inhabitants.