Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to describe something or someone that is strong, robust, or formidable. It is used to denote intensity and is also employed as a proper name.

The root طحم primarily relates to forceful pushing, surging, or a large, dense mass. This applies to natural phenomena like floods and night, as well as groups of people and intense situations like turmoil. It can also describe a type of plant.

This root primarily relates to covering or filling, particularly with a cloth or a patch. It extends to the idea of filling a waterskin or stringing a bow, and metaphorically to a patch of cloud.

This root appears to describe something stagnant, putrid, or foul-smelling, particularly in relation to water.

This root primarily relates to the concept of darkness, blackness, or a dark hue, often associated with the nose or snout. It also extends to meanings of dryness, coarseness, and a sense of arrogance or haughtiness. Additionally, it can refer to a group of goats or boundaries.

The root 'طرم' primarily relates to honey, its properties, and its collection. It extends to describe things that are thick, viscous, or accumulated, such as dense clouds, dried saliva, or a physical protrusion on the lip. It also encompasses terms for a brazier and, in a classical context, a specific place name.

This root describes the act of lowering one's head or gaze, often associated with feelings of anger, pride, or haughtiness. It conveys a sense of deliberate, perhaps disdainful, silence or inaction.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being tall or long. It is suggested to be an inversion of another root, indicating a potential etymological connection.

This root primarily describes states of lying down, anger, arrogance, and physical swelling or fullness. It also extends to descriptions of darkness, blindness, and a state of being well-formed or handsome, particularly in youth.

This root primarily relates to darkness, obscurity, and silence. It also encompasses concepts of being struck, erased, or becoming still, sometimes due to fear or retreat.

This root appears to relate to darkness or obscurity, possibly with a sense of being overwhelming or intense. The variations in the letters suggest nuances in the degree or manner of this darkness.

This root appears to relate to arrogance and haughtiness. The derived terms describe someone who is arrogant, the act of being arrogant, and a related concept of admitting falsehood.

This root primarily describes a state of being well-developed, mature, and handsome, often applied to youth. It also extends to meanings of arrogance, blackness (specifically of hair), fullness, and being a stud horse.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of fading, becoming obscure, and disappearing. It also extends to meanings of darkness, abundance, and the central or collective part of something. Additionally, it refers to ancient Arab tribes and specific chapters in the Quran.

The root طعم (ṭaʿama) primarily relates to the sense of taste and flavor. It extends to concepts of experiencing something, having substance or richness, and by extension, to being well-provided for or having the capacity to achieve something.

This root primarily refers to the lowest, most base, and ignoble elements of both animals and humans. It denotes the rabble, the riff-raff, and those considered foolish or lacking in intellect and understanding.

The root طلم primarily relates to the concept of a flat, broad object used for baking or pressing, and by extension, to wiping or striking with an open hand. It also encompasses terms for a type of bread, a dental ailment, and a specific plant.

This root appears to be related to place names or specific locations. The primary derived lemma directly defines a place.

This root primarily relates to darkness, intensity, and arrogance. It describes the darkening of night or clouds, the severity of matters, and the haughtiness of a person. It also includes terms for large creatures and specific geographical locations.

This root appears to be very rare and is primarily associated with a specific sound. It is mainly documented as the sound of a musical instrument.

The root طهم (ṭahm) primarily relates to concepts of beauty, perfection, and completeness in form, particularly concerning people and horses. It also extends to meanings of being plump or full-faced, and conversely, can denote a dark complexion or a sense of aversion and shyness.

This root appears to be rare and primarily refers to death or the grave. It is used in classical poetry to denote the finality of death and the cessation of life.

This root primarily concerns the concept of innate disposition, natural constitution, or inherent nature. It describes something being created or formed with a specific inherent quality or character.

This root primarily relates to sounds, specifically the bleating or bleating-like sounds of animals, and by extension, to speech and clamor. It also encompasses the concept of lineage or ancestry.

This root appears to be very rare and possibly a variant or miswriting of another root. The primary meaning cited relates to a specific type of milk drink.

This root primarily relates to the concept of creation, formation, or inherent disposition. It appears in classical texts to describe something as created or having a specific nature, often in a religious or historical context.

This root primarily describes the sound made by a male goat when it is sexually aroused. There is a linguistic note suggesting a potential etymological connection to another root.

This root describes someone who is physically large, dull-witted, and lacking in intelligence, manners, courage, or resources. It can also refer to a large quantity of thick, viscous water.

This root appears to be rare and possibly non-standard, with limited attestations. It seems to relate to concepts of being scattered, dispersed, or perhaps even confused, though clear semantic connections are difficult to establish due to its scarcity.

The root عتم primarily relates to slowness, delay, and lateness. It extends to concepts of holding back, being tardy, and the late hours of the night. It also encompasses the act of milking animals late in the evening.

This root appears to relate to a place or location. The primary derived word signifies a specific site.

The root عجم (ʿ-j-m) primarily relates to concepts of foreignness, unintelligibility, and the inability to speak clearly. It extends to meanings of testing, examining, or biting something to ascertain its quality, and also refers to the pits of fruits or the young of camels.

This root primarily describes things that are thick, stout, and strong, often with knots or bulges. It extends to concepts of robustness in animals, humans, and even movement, as well as specific botanical and zoological terms.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of water bird, described as having a beak resembling a tailor's awl. The primary focus is on the description of this bird and its beak.

This root primarily concerns the concept of absence, loss, and non-existence. It extends to meanings of poverty, lack, and destitution, as well as the opposite of being present or available. Figuratively, it can also relate to foolishness or lack of sense.

The root عذم primarily relates to biting, gnawing, and eating with roughness. It extends to concepts of reprimanding, censuring, and preventing. It also encompasses terms for specific plants, insects, and places.

This root primarily describes parts of the nose and face, specifically the area between the nose and the upper lip. It also extends to figurative uses related to defiance or unwillingness.

This root appears to relate to concepts of roughness, harshness, and perhaps a specific type of camel. The primary usage seems to be in describing a camel's condition or a harsh quality, with some debate about its precise meaning and origin.

This root primarily describes things that are thick, stout, and strong, particularly in relation to the neck or body. It also extends to concepts of hardness, intensity, and a large, dense cluster.

This root describes strength, firmness, and compactness. It extends to concepts of being solid, gathered, and even ancient or old, particularly when referring to things that have become dense or hardened over time.

This root describes a person's physical and moral character. It encompasses notions of strength, robustness, and sometimes a negative connotation of being stingy, mean, or even gluttonous. It can also refer to someone energetic.

This root primarily relates to the act of rubbing, grinding, or crushing something, often with force. It can also extend to the idea of mixing or blending things together through such action. The concept can also imply a thorough or intense experience.