← Back to Lisan al-Arab

طهم

Root entry · 10 derived lemmas

The root طهم (ṭahm) primarily relates to concepts of beauty, perfection, and completeness in form, particularly concerning people and horses. It also extends to meanings of being plump or full-faced, and conversely, can denote a dark complexion or a sense of aversion and shyness.

Derived headwords

مُطَهَّمadjective
  1. 1.
    beautiful, perfectboth

    Describing something, especially a person or horse, that is beautiful and complete, with every part being excellent and outstanding in its beauty.

  2. 2.
    full-faced, plumpboth

    Having a full, rounded face, or being plump and fleshy.

  3. 3.
    lean, slenderclassical

    Describing someone who is lean or slender, lacking flesh on the face.

  4. 4.
    dark-complexionedclassical

    Having a complexion that is dark, bordering on black.

فرس مطهم — A beautiful, perfect horse.
رجل مطهم — A beautiful, perfect man.
وجه مطهم أي مجتمع مدور — A full-faced, rounded face.
طَهْمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    darkness of complexionclassical

    A dark complexion, moving from brown towards black.

صَهْمَةnoun
  1. 1.
    darkness of complexionclassical

    Similar to طهمة, denoting a dark complexion that verges on blackness.

تَطْهِيمnoun
  1. 1.
    aversion, shynessclassical

    The act of being shy, aloof, or turning away from something, like food or people.

  2. 2.
    fullness, plumpnessclassical

    The state of being plump or excessively fat.

التطهيم النفار — The aversion or shyness.
يَتَطَهَّمُverb
  1. 1.
    to be shy, aloofclassical

    To turn away from something with shyness or aversion, to feel distant.

فلان يتطهم عنا أي يستوحش — So-and-so feels distant from us, meaning he is shy or aloof.
تَطَهَّمَverb
  1. 1.
    to dislike, reject foodclassical

    To dislike or reject food, showing aversion towards it.

تطهمت الطعام إذا كرهته — You disliked the food if you rejected it.
طَهْمَانname
  1. 1.
    name of a manclassical

    A proper name for a male individual.

طَامِحadjective
  1. 1.
    ambitious, aspiringboth

    Looking upwards with ambition or aspiration; often used for eyes looking up.

مُطَهَّمadjective
  1. 1.
    noble, of good lineageclassical

    Referring to a horse or person of noble birth and esteemed lineage.

وفينا رباط الخيل كل مطهم — And among us are the tethered horses, each noble one.
رَجِيلadjective
  1. 1.
    strong-footed, swift-movingclassical

    Describing someone or something that walks or moves with strength and speed.

رجيل، كسرحان الغضى المتأوب — Swift-moving, like a wandering wolf.

Parallel reading

المطهم من الناس والخيل: الحسن التام كل شيء منه على حدته فهو بارع الجمال.
The muṭahham among people and horses: the beautiful, complete one, where every part of him is excellent, thus possessing outstanding beauty.
فرس مطهم ورجل مطهم.
A beautiful horse and a beautiful man.
والمطهم أيضا: القليل لحم الوجه؛ عن كراع.
And al-muṭahham also means having little flesh on the face; according to Kara'.
ووجه مطهم أي مجتمع مدور.
And a muṭahham face means a full, rounded face.
والمطهم: المنتفخ الوجه ضد، وقيل: المطهم السمين الفاحش.
And al-muṭahham: the opposite, meaning having a swollen face, and it is said: al-muṭahham is excessively fat.
فقال: لم يكن بالمطهم ولا بالمكلثم ؛ قال ابن سيده: هو يحتمل أن يفسر بالوجوه الثلاثة، وفي الصحاح: أي لم يكن بالمدور الوجه ولا بالموجن ولكنه مسنون الوجه.
He said: 'He was not muṭahham nor mukallathim.' Ibn Sīdah said: 'It is possible to interpret this in three ways regarding the face; and in al-Ṣiḥāḥ: meaning he did not have a round face nor a fleshy one, but rather a lean face.'
فقالت طائفة: هو الذي كل عضو منه حسن على حدته، وقالت طائفة المطهم السمين الفاحش السمن، فقد تم النفي في قوله لم يكن بالمطهم وهذا مدح.
So one group said: 'He is one whose every limb is beautiful in itself.' And another group said: 'Al-muṭahham is excessively fat.' Thus, the negation in his statement 'he was not muṭahham' is complete, and this is praise.
ومن قال إنه النحافة فقد تم النفي في هذا لأن أم معبد وصفته بأنه لم تعبه نحلة ولم تشنه ثجلة أي انتفاخ بطن، قال: وأما من قال التطهيم الضخم فقد صح النفي، فكأنه قال لم يكن بالضخم، قال: وهكذا وصفه علي، رضوان الله عليه، فقال: كان بادنا متماسكا ؛ قال ابن الأثير: لم يكن بالمطهم، وهو المنتفخ الوجه، وقيل: الفاحش السمن، وقيل: النحيف الجسم، وهو من الأضداد.
And whoever said it means leanness, then the negation is complete in this, because Umm Ma'bad described him as not being flawed by leanness nor marred by bloating (i.e., abdominal distension). He said: 'As for those who said al-taṭhīm means being huge, the negation is confirmed, as if he were saying he was not huge.' He said: 'And thus Ali, may God be pleased with him, described him, saying: 'He was stout and well-built.' Ibn al-Athīr said: 'He was not muṭahham, which means having a swollen face, or it is said: excessively fat, or it is said: slender of body, and it is from the opposites.'
ما أدري أي الطهم هو وأي الدهم هو بمعنى واحد أي أي الناس هو.
I do not know which al-ṭahm he is and which al-dahm he is, as they mean the same thing, i.e., what kind of person he is.
والطهمة والصهمة في اللون أن تجاوز سمرته إلى السواد، ووجه مطهم إذا كان كذلك؛ قال أبو سعيد: والتطهيم النفار في قول ذي الرمة: تلك التي أشبهت خرقاء جلوتها، ... يوم النقا، بهجة منها وتطهيم قال: التطهيم في هذا البيت النفار، قال: ومن هذا يقال فلان يتطهم عنا أي يستوحش، والخيل المطهمة فإنها المقربة المكرمة العزيزة الأنفس، ومنه يقال: ما لك تطهم عن طعامنا أي تربأ بنفسك عنه؛ وقول أبي النجم: أخطم أنف الطامح المطهم أراد الرجل الكريم الحسب؛ وقال الباهلي في قول طفيل: وفينا رباط الخيل كل مطهم ... رجيل، كسرحان الغضى المتأوب قال: المطهم الناعم الحسن، والرجيل الشديد المشي.
And al-ṭahmah and al-ṣahmah in color means his brownness extending to blackness, and a muṭahham face if it is like that. Abū Sa'īd said: And al-taṭhīm means aversion in the saying of Dhū al-Rummah: 'She is like a clumsy one I unveiled... on the day of al-Niqā, with her splendor and aversion.' He said: 'Al-taṭhīm in this verse means aversion.' He said: 'And from this it is said, 'So-and-so is distant from us,' meaning he is shy.' And al-khayl al-muṭahhamah are the cherished, honored, and precious horses. And from this it is said: 'Why do you shy away from our food,' meaning you hold yourself back from it. And the saying of Abū al-Najm: 'I bridle the nose of the ambitious, noble one.' He meant a man of noble lineage. And al-Bāhilī said regarding the saying of Ṭufayl: 'And among us are the tethered horses, each noble one... swift-moving, like a wandering wolf.' He said: 'Al-muṭahham means soft and beautiful, and al-rajīl means strong-moving.'
ويقال: تطهمت الطعام إذا كرهته.
And it is said: 'You disliked the food if you rejected it.'