Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root appears to describe someone who is weak, foolish, or lacking in intelligence and capability. It conveys a sense of inadequacy and silliness.

This root primarily concerns concepts of certainty, thoroughness, and accuracy. It extends to ideas of being essential, deserving, or due, as well as physical attributes like being well-made, dense, or central. It also encompasses terms for specific anatomical parts and types of terrain.

This root appears to relate to structures, specifically railings or barriers, and possibly the act of constructing or being part of them.

The root حمق (ḥamaqa) primarily denotes foolishness, lack of intelligence, and acting contrary to reason. It extends to concepts of stupidity, imbecility, and the state of being foolish. Derived terms also touch upon market stagnation, weakness, and specific ailments or plants.

This root primarily concerns the eye, specifically the white part of the eye, the inner eyelid, and the act of opening or staring intensely with the eyes. It also extends to describe a wide-eyed appearance and, in a less common usage, the labia.

This root primarily concerns intense anger, rage, and resentment. It extends to related concepts like holding grudges, and metaphorically, to physical states of being thin or shrunken, particularly in animals.

This root primarily refers to a type of plant, specifically a herb or weed, and also describes something as long and unsteady or agitated. It appears to be a loanword from a non-Arabic language.

The root حوق (ḥawqa) primarily relates to circularity, encompassing, and surrounding. It extends to meanings of cleaning, gathering, and even a specific type of haircut. Figuratively, it can refer to distortion or a large gathering.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something descending upon, surrounding, or affecting a person, often with negative connotations of consequence, punishment, or inescapable fate. It can also refer to the act of surrounding or encompassing.

This root primarily relates to concepts of length, speed, and spaciousness, particularly when describing animals like horses and camels. It also extends to describing a person's stature and, in a more obscure sense, the sound of shyness during intimacy.

This root primarily deals with the concept of tearing, splitting, or ripping something, particularly fabric. It describes the action of causing a tear or a rip.

This root primarily refers to the male spider. It also encompasses the spider itself, particularly a large one, and a plural form derived from the word for male spider.

This root primarily concerns the excrement of birds, particularly falcons, and by extension, the droppings of other animals. It also extends metaphorically to represent past mistakes or unfortunate events.

This root appears to be very limited in its usage, primarily referring to weaponry. It also has a distinct, unrelated meaning concerning male spiders.

This root appears to be related to the male of spiders. It is a rare root with limited usage in classical Arabic lexicography.

The root خرق (kharaqa) primarily relates to the concept of piercing, penetrating, or making a hole. It extends to meanings of being porous, worn out, or having gaps. Figuratively, it can describe someone who is skilled or adept in warfare, or a specific type of terrain.

This root primarily relates to concepts of poisoning, destruction, and disarray. It extends to descriptions of rapid movement, physical attributes, and actions of spoiling or breaking things. It also encompasses states of silence, stealth, and specific botanical and medicinal terms.

This root primarily relates to a Persian loanword adopted into Arabic, referring to a type of broth or soup. It appears to be a culinary term with limited usage.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being compressed, gathered, or drawn in. It describes a state of being folded or tucked away, often implying a loss of prominence or a withdrawal.

This root appears to relate to a specific, perhaps unusual, characteristic of a woman, possibly involving silence or a peculiar manner of speech. The derived terms seem to describe a woman who is reticent or speaks in a particular way.

The root 'خرنق' primarily relates to young or small animals, specifically young rabbits. It also extends to terms for geographical features, structures, and even personal names, often with a Persian origin.

This root primarily concerns the act of piercing, penetrating, or thrusting through something. It extends to the idea of a projectile that has successfully penetrated its target, and metaphorically to sharpness, directness, or even a lack of retention.

This root appears to relate to terms for weakness, cowardice, and foolishness. It also includes words for specific types of food and objects, suggesting a semantic drift or specialized usage.

This root primarily relates to piercing, penetrating, or making a deep impression, often in the context of projectiles or digging. It also extends to negative character traits and descriptions of depth.

This root primarily deals with the concept of residue, remnants, or the inferior part of something. It can refer to what is left behind after the valuable portion has been taken, or generally to low-quality or worthless material.

This root primarily describes sounds associated with looseness, looseness itself, and physical openings or depressions. It extends to sounds of animals, particularly females, due to laxity, and also to geological features like hollows and fissures.

This root appears to relate to taking something stealthily or secretly. However, its authenticity as an Arabic word is questioned.

This root primarily concerns the act of strangling, choking, or constricting. It extends to meanings of tightness, narrowness, and delay, particularly in relation to time or passages.

This root appears to describe negative personal characteristics, specifically stinginess and foolishness. It is not a widely used root in classical or modern Arabic.

This root primarily relates to the concept of digging a trench or ditch. It extends to the trench itself, the act of digging it, and metaphorically to something long or a place named after a trench.

This root appears to describe rapid movement or going quickly. It is primarily found in a quadriliteral form, indicating a specific type of swift motion.

This root appears to describe something cunning, sly, or a great calamity. It is associated with a cunning person or a significant, perhaps disastrous, event.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or being sticky, often in the context of trapping or holding things. It extends to descriptions of difficult or incomplete livelihoods and includes place names and a children's game.

This root appears to describe the act of pouring or splashing water hastily. It is closely related to the concept of rapid pouring, with one source equating it directly to a similar root.

This root primarily describes a state of abdominal swelling or distension. It conveys a sense of being bloated or enlarged in the belly, often implying a physical condition.

This root appears to describe something or someone with a large or prominent belly. The primary derived terms relate to this physical characteristic.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being fine, small, or ground down. It extends to the idea of something being smooth or level, often as a result of being worn down or processed.

This root primarily concerns shields and protective coverings, extending to related concepts like softening, healing, and even a type of wine. It also includes place names and measures.

This root primarily denotes smallness, specifically referring to young children, young animals, and small, low-lying sand formations. It also extends to encompass small or insignificant individuals within a larger group.