Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to the act of mixing or blending things together. It can also extend to the idea of throwing or scattering, often in a mixed or disordered fashion.

This root primarily describes rapid movement, specifically in walking or traveling. It conveys a sense of speed, forward momentum, and sometimes a forceful or determined advance.

This root relates to fine flour or meal, specifically flour that has been ground or milled. It also touches upon related concepts of clothing and Persian terms.

The root 'دسق' primarily relates to the concept of fullness, overflow, and abundance, particularly concerning water in a basin or cistern. It also extends to meanings of whiteness, brightness, beauty, and radiance, often associated with water, mirages, or even bread. The root encompasses various objects and abstract concepts, including basins, tables, messengers, and even specific days or places.

This root appears to relate to the concept of largeness or bulkiness, particularly when describing inanimate objects or animals. It also has a connection to swiftness or speed, contrasting with the idea of being large.

This root primarily concerns the concept of forceful treading, trampling, or stamping, often with animals, causing impact, impression, or damage. It extends to concepts of pushing, driving, or launching something forcefully, and can also refer to a sudden impact or a group.

This root appears to relate to intense darkness, particularly of a night. It describes a night so dark that it is difficult to see, possibly implying a sense of depth or remoteness.

This root appears to be related to small creatures, specifically insects, and by extension, can be used metaphorically to refer to small or short individuals, particularly young girls or women.

This root appears to relate to foolishness or stupidity. The primary derived term signifies a lack of intelligence or sense.

This root appears to describe the act of moving deeply or extensively into something, whether a physical place like a valley or an abstract concept like a matter or question. It implies a thorough exploration or penetration.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of covering, obscuring, and pouring, often with a sense of intensity or abundance. It extends to descriptions of murky water, abundant living, and the act of pouring or infusing something.

This root primarily relates to the pouring or flowing of liquids, especially water, in abundance. It extends to concepts of lavish spending, abundant resources, and a prosperous life.

The root دفق (dafaqa) primarily relates to the forceful pouring or gushing of liquids, such as water or tears. It extends to concepts of abundance, speed, and even physical posture or appearance, often implying a vigorous or unrestrained flow.

The root 'دلق' primarily relates to the concept of rapid, forceful, or uninhibited emergence, protrusion, or movement. This can apply to physical objects like swords or bodily contents, as well as abstract concepts like advances, raids, or floods.

This root appears to describe a type of fast, smooth, and flowing gait or movement, particularly for animals like horses. It emphasizes speed and a certain elegance in motion.

This root primarily relates to food and physical characteristics, specifically describing something well-known or substantial. It also extends to describing individuals with large bellies.

This root describes a slow, deliberate, and perhaps affected manner of walking and speaking. It emphasizes a sense of heaviness or sluggishness, potentially with an element of affectation or pretense.

This root primarily relates to the concept of hastening or moving quickly. It also extends to decorating or adorning something, and is famously associated with the city of Damascus, possibly due to its swift construction or importance.

This root primarily describes smoothness, roundness, and a polished or rounded shape, often applied to stones, hooves, or even abstract concepts like a wide opening or a bald head. It can also denote a specific type of truffle.

The root 'دنق' primarily relates to concepts of smallness, insignificance, proximity, and decline. It encompasses units of weight, the act of approaching or nearing, and states of weakness, illness, or death. It also extends to meanings of careful examination, stinginess, and physical deterioration.

This root primarily relates to the city of Damascus and its inhabitants. It also extends to concepts of splitting or dividing, possibly metaphorically linked to the city's historical significance or geographical features.

The root دهق (dahqa) primarily relates to intense pressure, forceful pouring, and filling to the brim. It extends to concepts of close packing, giving a substantial amount, and even includes terms for a merchant and a type of punishment.

This root appears to describe a type of laughter or sound, possibly related to a bubbling or repeated vocalization. It is used in a classical context to differentiate between two similar-sounding expressions.

The root دهمق primarily relates to the concept of fineness, softness, and refinement, particularly concerning texture, food, and speech. It extends to meanings of making something fine or delicate, and by extension, to being excellent or well-made.

This root primarily concerns foolishness, stupidity, and being senseless. It describes individuals who are foolish or have perished due to their foolishness. The terms also extend to describe something as nonsensical or frivolous.

This root pertains to the tongue becoming diseased, specifically referring to it sloughing off or peeling due to an ailment. It describes a physical affliction of the tongue.

This root primarily concerns the excrement of birds, but extends to the act of defecation itself. It also encompasses a specific type of plant and its properties, and metaphorically, the act of speaking ill or defecating upon someone.

This root appears to be related to the concept of advancing or moving forward, possibly in a structured or organized manner. It is a very limited entry with only one derived lemma mentioned.

This root primarily relates to extreme bitterness, often associated with water. It also encompasses the concept of shouting or crying out, particularly in a way that startles or frightens someone.

This root primarily describes a type of plant, often characterized by its small size, flexibility, and sometimes its edible or medicinal properties. It can also refer to a small bird or be used metaphorically for something soft and tender.

This root appears to be related to a variant spelling or pronunciation of another root, possibly concerning a specific type of object or substance.

The root ذوق (dhawq) primarily relates to the sense of taste and experiencing something, whether pleasant or unpleasant. It extends to knowing, testing, and experiencing situations, emotions, or abstract concepts. The root also encompasses the idea of quick succession in marriage and divorce, and the concept of being easily bored or fickle.

The root 'ربرق' appears to be related to a specific type of berry, namely 'fox grapes'. The entry is very brief and does not provide extensive derivations or semantic range.

The root 'ratq' (رتق) primarily denotes the concept of joining, mending, or closing something that was previously separated or open. It is often used in contrast to 'fatq' (فتق), meaning to split or open. The root encompasses ideas of healing, sealing, and the state of being joined or closed.

This root primarily relates to wine, specifically its finest and purest qualities. It also extends to concepts of purity, ease, and being well-suited or deserving.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of animal excrement, particularly that of a young goat. It is presented as a variant or synonym for another related term.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of plant, possibly a berry or fruit, and its associated properties or appearance. The primary meaning revolves around a particular kind of grape.

This root primarily concerns sustenance, provision, and livelihood, encompassing both material and spiritual aspects. It extends to the act of providing, the concept of divine distribution of resources, and the request or seeking of sustenance. It also touches upon related concepts like fortune and specific types of goods or provisions.

This root pertains to the concept of a region, district, or province, often with a connotation of a large administrative or geographical area. It is primarily used in classical Arabic to denote such divisions.

This root entry discusses the word 'razdaq', an Arabicized term of Persian origin. It primarily refers to a row or line, particularly of palm trees or people, and is presented as an alternative to the word 'rustaq'.

This root, of Persian origin, refers to a rural district or cultivated land, often encompassing villages and their surrounding agricultural areas. It denotes the countryside and its inhabitants, contrasting with urban centers.

This root entry discusses a Persian loanword referring to a collection of houses or a village. It clarifies the correct pronunciation and origin of the term, distinguishing it from similar-sounding Arabic words.

The root رشق primarily denotes the act of throwing, especially with projectiles like arrows. It extends to meanings of swiftness, keenness of sight, and lightness, particularly in relation to speed and agility. It also encompasses the sound of writing and specific physical attributes.

This root primarily deals with the concept of being stuck, adhering, or clinging to something. It can describe a physical state of being difficult to separate or a metaphorical state of being inseparable.

This root primarily concerns the sounds emanating from the belly of an animal, particularly a horse or camel. It also describes the sound of the animal's belly contents when agitated.