Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily concerns a specific type of high-quality date, often considered among the best. It also extends to a metaphorical usage related to receiving something in expectation of a greater return.

This root primarily describes a cunning, intelligent person, often with negative connotations of being foolish, talkative, or boastful. It also refers to a place and can denote a specific type of red color.

The root بنق primarily relates to the concept of joining, gathering, and mending, often applied to clothing and textiles. It extends to meanings of beautifying, embellishing, and making something complete or well-formed. Figuratively, it can refer to fabricating or embellishing speech or lies.

This root primarily relates to a type of nut or fruit, specifically the hazelnut, and its use as a projectile. It also extends to a tribal name and a term for the belly.

This root primarily concerns a type of skin discoloration, specifically white patches that are distinct from leprosy. It also includes a place name.

This root primarily describes individuals or things characterized by excessive speech, ugliness, or formidable nature. It also extends to meanings related to deception, falsehoods, and formidable challenges or calamities.

The root بوق (b-w-q) primarily relates to calamity, disaster, and misfortune. It also extends to meanings of deception, falsehood, and things that are hidden or suddenly appear. Additionally, it encompasses terms for a type of musical instrument and a sudden downpour of rain.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of legume or pulse, possibly a vetch or chickling pea, and its characteristics.

This root primarily describes states of intense fullness, whether literal (like a water skin) or emotional (anger, sadness, joy). It also extends to concepts of eagerness, speed, and intensity in various contexts, including animals and actions.

This root primarily relates to the collarbone and its anatomical vicinity. It extends to describe something similar to ascending or a step, and metaphorically, it is used for antidotes, particularly for poisons and venom, and also for wine.

This root pertains to residual water and sediment left in water channels or depressions. It describes the stagnant water and the mud that settles within these areas.

This root primarily denotes falling, descending, or rapid movement downwards. It also encompasses the idea of intense or violent motion, and in a figurative sense, can refer to a sunken appearance.

This root primarily concerns the concept of intense desire, longing, and yearning for something. It extends to the idea of striving, seeking out, and even coveting what is desired. In some contexts, it can also refer to a horse's spirited nature or to falsehood.

This root primarily describes a rapid flow or gushing, particularly of tears or water. It conveys a sense of abundance and speed in the movement of liquid.

This root primarily relates to the rapid and abundant falling of rain, often described as pouring or streaming. It also extends to the concept of dew and can be used metaphorically for flowing or being copious. Additionally, it appears as a proper noun for a horse and a place.

This root primarily concerns the stem or stalk of fruits, particularly dates and grapes, and the parts connecting them. It also extends to describe remnants or small portions of fruit left after harvesting or consumption, often designated for the poor.

This root primarily relates to the concept of firmness, certainty, and reliability. It extends to the idea of being well-established, trustworthy, and sure of something. It can also denote a specific type of sound or action.

This root appears to relate to place names, specifically two distant cities. It also touches upon a rare, possibly non-Arabic, five-letter word used to describe a bad woman or a lineage of wicked people.

This root appears to relate to descriptions of physical appearance, particularly leanness or emaciation, and potentially to a type of bird.

This root primarily refers to a type of bread, specifically a loaf. The terms are of Persian origin and have been Arabized. It also includes a proper name derived from this concept.

This root appears to be a variant spelling or pronunciation of another root, 'jrdq', referring to a type of bread or cake. The entry discusses its usage and origin.

This root primarily relates to types of footwear, specifically small shoes or slippers, sometimes worn over other shoes. It also extends to refer to specific groups of people, particularly non-Arabs in certain regions like the Levant and Mosul, and has a less common association with parts of a bow.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of tent or pavilion, possibly of Persian origin. The primary derived term refers to this structure itself.

This root primarily concerns structures resembling fortifications or palaces. It denotes a strong building, a castle, or a palace, with one term being of Persian origin.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of large, sturdy basket or container. It is noted as not being firmly established in classical Arabic lexicography.

This root appears to relate to the concepts of mounting, preparing, and moving with a sense of grandeur or impressiveness. It also describes large or imposing women, possibly with connotations of robustness or stature.

This root appears to relate to concepts of old age, particularly in female camels, and potentially to the idea of being worn out or decrepit. It may also extend to notions of perfection or thoroughness, though this specific entry focuses on the former.

This root primarily denotes a place name, specifically Damascus, and also refers to a type of sack or bag. Derived terms relate to the act of shaving or cutting hair, and a siege engine.

This root appears to be related to specific names and possibly a type of garment or cloth associated with a person named al-Jalbuq. The primary usage seems to be as a proper noun.

This root appears to relate to descriptions of plumpness or stoutness, particularly when applied to female animals like donkeys. It also includes proper names derived from this root.

This root appears to relate to the binding or reinforcement of an object, specifically a bowstring. It also encompasses onomatopoeia for the sound of a large door opening or closing.

This root appears to relate to round objects, specifically nuts and possibly balls of mud. It also has a connection to Persian terms for yarn and weavers, and a potential phonetic variation of another root.

This root primarily concerns the components and actions related to a mangonel or catapult. It describes the stones used, the people operating it, and the act of launching projectiles with such a device.

This root appears to describe women who are large or stout, often with a negative connotation. It also includes a term for a disliked characteristic.

This root appears to relate to the concept of rounded, smoothed, or molded earth or clay. It describes a specific type of rounded mud and a verbal action associated with it.

This root primarily relates to groups of people or animals acting together, often with a sense of being mixed or unruly. It also extends to describe physical characteristics like a thick neck or a facial inclination.

This root primarily relates to flatulence, specifically the sound or act of passing gas. It extends to describe certain plants, a type of date, and metaphorically, unpleasant or foolish behavior.

This root primarily describes smallness and shortness, particularly in relation to animals like sheep. It can also refer to specific locations or groups of sheep.

This root pertains to a specific condition affecting the eye, characterized by roughness and redness. It describes a physical ailment or appearance of the eye.

This root primarily concerns the concept of surrounding, encircling, and intense gazing. It extends to describe things that are round or form a circle, such as the pupil of the eye and certain types of gardens or depressions that hold water. It also encompasses the act of staring intently.

This root appears to relate to thinness or a watery consistency, particularly in the context of food or liquids. It describes a type of thin gruel or soup, contrasting it with thicker preparations.

This root primarily describes the eye, particularly its size and prominence. It also extends to refer to specific parts of an animal's body, like the eye or throat, and can describe something as short and compact.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being clever, witty, or sharp, often with a connotation of pretentiousness or excessive talkativeness. It can also refer to something pointed or sharp, and the act of feigning such qualities.

The root حرق (ḥaraqa) primarily relates to burning, scorching, and intense heat. It extends to concepts of intense desire, anger, and even specific sexual acts or types of women associated with such intensity. It also appears in place names and tribal affiliations.

This root appears to relate to the concept of spoiling or corrupting something, particularly an action or work. It suggests a deliberate act of ruining or making something defective.

This root appears to be a variant or misspelling of another root, 'حزرق'. The entry explicitly states that its discussion will be found under that other root, implying no independent semantic content for 'حرزق' itself.

The root حزق (ḥazaqa) primarily denotes constriction, tightening, and pressing. It extends to meanings of stinginess, being short or stout, and also refers to groups or gatherings, particularly of animals or insects.