Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily relates to a type of bird, the kite, and its associated characteristics. It also extends to tools with double heads, parts of weapons, and abstract concepts like support, adherence, and anger.

This root describes the state of preparing for or exhibiting anger and malice. It conveys a sense of readiness to act aggressively or with ill intent.

This root primarily deals with actions related to gathering, lifting, and sexual intercourse. It describes the act of lifting or raising something, the gathering and driving of animals, and the act of sexual union. It also encompasses the idea of coming together or joining.

This root primarily relates to the act of striking or piercing, often with a specific tool or weapon. It extends to sexual intercourse and the act of igniting a fire. Derived terms also refer to a type of garment.

This root primarily relates to the concept of satiation, particularly in the context of drinking or eating. It extends to the idea of being well-nourished or full, and also describes a state of being weak or small.

This root primarily relates to the act of igniting or fanning a fire to make it burn more intensely. It also extends to terms for the tool used for this purpose and a description of something being perfectly ripe or white.

This root primarily relates to actions of striking, throwing, and pushing, often with a sense of forceful impact. It also extends to meanings of being defeated, having a large belly, and describing someone physically unattractive or short.

This root appears to relate to the concept of shortness or being stunted in stature. It describes individuals who are physically short.

This root primarily relates to actions of throwing, striking, or uprooting something forcefully. It also encompasses terms for a specific type of plant, the papyrus, and its edible parts.

This root appears to describe someone who is short and of poor character or creation. It also notes a potential lexicographical error regarding its inclusion in a specific root.

This root primarily relates to the concept of tightening or binding, particularly a knot. It also extends to describing small creatures, specifically insects or lizards, and metaphorical feelings of unease or disturbance.

This root primarily relates to scraping, grinding, and applying substances, particularly for medicinal or cosmetic purposes like kohl. It also extends to concepts of removal, expulsion, and the physical act of intercourse, as well as describing rough or damaged surfaces and specific geological features.

This root primarily relates to concepts of muddiness, impurity, and agitation, extending to familial in-laws and a specific plant. It describes the state of water becoming turbid, the act of stirring up sediment, and the resulting foulness.

This root primarily relates to the plant henna and its use as a dye. It also extends to concepts of verdancy and lushness, and metaphorically to sexual intercourse.

This root entry is extremely brief and appears to be a placeholder or an incomplete entry. It primarily defines the word 'حَاء' as a man's name and indicates that further discussion will occur later in the book.

This root primarily concerns the concept of hiding, concealing, or keeping something secret. It extends to meanings of being hidden, lying in wait, and also encompasses specific applications like a woman staying home, hidden plants, or a hidden mark.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of restraining, preventing, and concealing. It extends to meanings of stealth, deception, and sudden disappearance or change, often related to fear or shame. It also encompasses ideas of being overwhelmed or incapacitated.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of submission, humility, and subservience. It describes a state of being subdued, yielding, and lacking inner strength or resolve.

This root primarily deals with the act of defecation and its products. It encompasses the verb for defecating, the noun for feces or excrement, and related terms for the place of defecation and the abstract concept of excrement.

This root primarily deals with the concepts of expulsion, banishment, and distance, often associated with animals like dogs and pigs. It also extends to meanings of worthlessness, rejection, and even a form of playful aggression like throwing stones.

This root primarily concerns the concept of error, mistake, or sin. It encompasses both intentional and unintentional wrongdoing, as well as the act of making a mistake or committing a sin. It also extends to related concepts like a flaw, a stammer, or a barren she-camel.

This root primarily deals with the act of violently uprooting, tearing, or demolishing something. It extends to actions like ripping open a waterskin or dismantling a dwelling.

This root primarily concerns the concept of stopping, halting, or remaining in place, often due to stubbornness or immobility. It extends to meanings of abandoning something and moving to another, and also encompasses terms related to the transient nature of the world or sustenance.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being short, stunted, or deficient in growth, particularly in relation to plants or living beings. It can also extend to meanings of being weak, feeble, or lacking in substance.

This root primarily deals with the concept of cutting or severing something. It is most commonly used in relation to cutting wood or a trunk.

This root primarily relates to the concept of hastening or rushing. It describes the act of moving quickly, often with an implication of urgency or eagerness.

This root primarily relates to rapid movement, pursuit, and the passage of time, specifically the end of the month. It also encompasses sounds associated with movement and physical states like rolling and swaying.

This root primarily relates to covering, concealing, and hiding. It also extends to meanings of stillness, quietude, and in a more aggressive sense, striking or fleeing.

This root pertains to rain that occurs after intense heat, and also to the produce or young of sheep during the summer season.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pushing away, repelling, or warding off. It extends to meanings of sudden appearance, eruption, and also physical manifestations like swelling or spreading. Additionally, it encompasses concepts of concealment, preparation for hunting, and shining brightly.

This root appears to describe a process of rolling or tumbling, often implying a loss of control or a descent. It is closely related to the concept of falling or moving downwards in a less directed manner.

This root primarily concerns the concept of warmth, its opposite of cold, and things associated with warmth. It extends to concepts of provision, abundance, and even physical attributes like thick fur or fat.

This root primarily concerns the concept of pushing, shoving, and jostling, often in a context of crowding or forceful interaction. It describes the act of repelling or pushing someone away, as well as the state of being crowded or struggling against each other.

This root primarily concerns concepts of baseness, meanness, and lowliness. It describes morally corrupt or ignoble character, as well as actions and states associated with such qualities. The root also extends to notions of being insignificant or debased.

This root primarily concerns the concept of illness, disease, and sickness. It extends to related ideas like hunger, affliction, and even specific geographical locations or events.

This root primarily concerns the act of driving away or repelling, often with a sense of agitation or disturbance. It also describes a shaky or unsteady gait, implying a lack of firm footing or control.

This root pertains to a young, slender, and attractive female, often characterized by her lighthearted and spirited nature.

This root primarily concerns creation and origination, extending to concepts of abundance, propagation, and the beginning of things. It also encompasses terms related to physical appearance, emotional states, and specific actions like sowing or causing to flow.

This root primarily concerns states of decay, corruption, and physical breakdown. It describes things becoming rotten, torn apart, or swollen due to injury or spoilage.

This root primarily concerns the act of looking, seeing, and observing, often with intensity or a specific purpose. It extends to concepts of watching over, guarding, and being a lookout. Additionally, it encompasses meanings related to shining, gleaming, and appearing, as well as a specific historical name.

This root primarily concerns the act of tightening or constricting, particularly in relation to knots or the throat. It also extends to meanings of enduring, moving forward, and even a specific type of hesitant laughter or a lack of appetite.

This root primarily relates to the curdling or thickening of milk, often by adding something sour. It extends to meanings of mixing, confusion, dullness of mind, and a specific type of spottedness in animals.

This root primarily concerns the concept of delaying, postponing, or deferring something. It extends to related ideas like a pregnant animal nearing its birth, a hunter's lack of success, and the theological concept of deferral of judgment.

This root primarily concerns the concept of support, aid, and reinforcement. It extends to meanings of improvement, sustenance, and also deterioration or corruption.

This root primarily concerns the concept of affliction, loss, and suffering, often related to material or personal harm. It also extends to the idea of diminishing or taking away something, and in a positive sense, to receiving good fortune.

This root primarily relates to the early stages of growth and development, particularly for young animals like gazelles, and also extends to plants that grow tall or are distinctive.

This root primarily relates to sexual intercourse and its associated actions, including the act of intercourse itself, the ability to perform it, and related concepts like foolishness. It also touches upon the act of throwing.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of bringing things together, joining, repairing, and settling. It extends to notions of reconciliation, agreement, and seeking refuge, as well as specific nautical and domestic applications.

This root primarily relates to the cessation or stopping of flow, particularly of blood or tears. It also extends to concepts of rising, ascending, and, paradoxically, to both mending and spoiling, indicating a complex semantic field.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of establishing, increasing, and approaching. It also extends to the idea of discerning or verifying information, and in a derived sense, to falsehoods.