Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily relates to the concepts of breaking, crushing, and striking, often with force. It extends to meanings of being abundant or plentiful, and also encompasses terms for specific objects like stones and food, as well as actions like perseverance.

This root primarily concerns silence, often stemming from suppressed emotion like grief or anger. It also extends to meanings related to harshness, badness, and specific physical objects or conditions.

This root primarily concerns intense cravings, particularly those experienced by pregnant women. It extends to general desires, sexual appetite, and any strong yearning. It also encompasses specific actions like slaughtering and feeding, and even a natural phenomenon related to plants.

This root primarily concerns concepts of heaviness, slowness, and indigestibility, applying to both people and food. It extends to describe land that is infertile or unyielding, and also a specific ailment.

This root primarily deals with proper names, specifically personal names and tribal affiliations. It also refers to a specific belly part.

This root primarily relates to increase, addition, and binding or tying. It also encompasses terms for growths, specific anatomical parts, and actions related to securing or cutting.

This root primarily relates to the concept of swelling, protrusion, and inflation. It extends to metaphorical meanings of arrogance, pride, and a large or imposing presence, as well as specific geographical names and botanical terms.

This root primarily concerns concepts of fulfilling obligations, gathering, and provisions. It extends to meanings of sustenance, accumulated wealth, and even specific types of food and land.

This root primarily concerns the concept of marking, branding, or identifying something, often with a physical mark. It extends to recognizing, imagining, and the beauty or distinguishing features of a person or thing. It also relates to specific seasonal phenomena like spring rain and gathering places.

This root primarily concerns the act of marking or tattooing the skin, often with a needle. It extends to related concepts like initial growth or coloring in plants, the appearance of lines or marks, and metaphorical applications to defects, speed, or the beginning of ripeness.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of striking, marking, or damaging something, often with a sense of imperfection or defect. It extends to meanings of illness, weakness, and even specific physical descriptions.

This root primarily concerns the concept of placing or setting something down, often with a connotation of protection or support. It extends to related ideas like forming groups, providing sustenance, and even acts of injustice or intimacy.

This root primarily relates to the act of stepping, treading, or pressing down. It also extends to the metaphorical sense of lowering or drawing something down, such as a curtain.

This root appears to relate to the concept of accusation or blame. The primary meaning provided is 'accusation'.

This root primarily relates to markings or lines, particularly on mountains. It also extends to expressions of well-wishing or greeting, akin to wishing someone a pleasant existence.

This root primarily relates to negative emotions and states of being, encompassing feelings of hatred, resentment, and anger. It also extends to concepts of war, hardship, and a heavy, foolish disposition.

This root primarily concerns concepts of subjugation, overcoming, and forceful action. It extends to descriptions of intense emotions like grief, and also includes specific meanings related to controlling animals, the boiling of pots, and certain types of weapons or tools.

This root primarily relates to feelings of sadness, grief, and oppression. It also encompasses the act of suppressing or stifling something, and a specific greeting.

This root primarily relates to fastening, binding, and assembling things. It extends to the concept of a feast or gathering, and metaphorically to the completeness and maturity of a person or thing.

This root primarily concerns the excrement of flies. It describes the substance itself and the act of producing it, with variations in form and intensity.

This root primarily concerns the mind, thoughts, and perceptions, encompassing notions of delusion, imagination, and mistaken beliefs. It also extends to concepts of error, deception, and suspicion, as well as physical attributes like strength and a wide path.

This root appears to relate to accusations, slander, and specific geographical locations. It encompasses concepts of blame, malicious gossip, and names of places in Tabaristan and Al-Andalus.

This root pertains to excessive consumption, specifically overeating and excessive talking. It describes a state of gluttony and garrulousness.

This root primarily concerns the breaking or chipping of teeth, particularly the incisors. It extends to concepts of weakening, breaking, and also refers to specific types of plants and a place name.

This root primarily relates to the concept of crushing, grinding, or pulverizing something into fine particles. It also extends to descriptions of terrain, specifically red sand dunes or plains, and the young of predatory birds.

This root pertains to the concept of excessive or unrestrained speech. It describes the act of speaking too much, often in a way that is considered foolish or nonsensical.

The root هجم primarily relates to suddenness, intrusion, and attack. It extends to concepts of collapse, receding, and even stillness or expulsion. Derived meanings also cover intense weather, specific quantities of livestock, and parts of the body.

This root appears to be a variant or a specific instance related to the concept of charging or advancing, particularly with a horse. It is presented as a linguistic variation of another root and is linked to a historical anecdote about the first act of violence.

This root pertains to the concept of boldness, daring, and venturing forward. It encompasses the act of being audacious and taking initiative, often in the face of potential danger or difficulty.

The root الهدم primarily relates to the concept of demolition, destruction, and breaking down. It extends to encompass notions of decay, wear and tear, and even the weakening or exhaustion of living beings and natural phenomena.

This root primarily relates to the concept of cutting, consuming, or eating quickly. It extends to descriptions of swiftness, bravery, and sharp objects like swords. It also appears in proper names and tribal affiliations.

This root pertains to the concept of rapid and excessive speech, often associated with loudness, clamor, and sometimes negative connotations like strife or chaos.

This root pertains to the act of walking or moving with speed. It describes a rapid gait or a swift progression, often implying a lack of carefulness or deliberation in the movement.

This root primarily concerns extreme old age and its associated states. It also extends to concepts of intellect, ancient structures, and specific flora and fauna, often with a classical or historical connotation.

This root primarily describes dark coloration, specifically a blackness or darkness associated with the face or markings. It also extends to terms for powerful or formidable creatures like lions and dogs, and generally refers to a strong or robust man.

This root primarily describes types of stones and terrain, encompassing both soft and hard earth, as well as a specific type of abundant sheep flock.

This entry pertains to a specific type of grain, described as being intermediate between barley and wheat. It also highlights its medicinal properties, particularly its benefits for treating diarrhea and coughs.

The root هزمه (h-z-m) primarily relates to the concepts of breaking, defeating, and overcoming. It extends to meanings of making an impression, causing a sound, and also encompasses terms for specific geographical features, animals, and even personal names.

This root appears to be related to the concept of breaking or crushing. It is presented as a variant of another root and also refers to a specific place name.

The root الهشم primarily denotes the act of breaking, crushing, or shattering, especially brittle or hollow objects, bones, or faces. It extends to meanings of generosity, hospitality, and even the physical state of dried vegetation or weakened animals.

This root primarily relates to the concept of breaking, crushing, or shattering. It also extends to describe strong, powerful entities, particularly lions, and a type of hard stone.

The root 'هضم' primarily relates to the concept of digestion and assimilation, both literally for food and metaphorically for abstract concepts like injustice or wealth. It extends to describe physical attributes related to a slender or well-formed body, and also encompasses terms for specific types of medicines, animals, and geographical features.

This root primarily describes intense hunger and the act of consuming large amounts of food. It also extends to concepts of overwhelming or conquering, and can refer to the sea and its sounds, as well as a tall person or ostrich.

This root primarily relates to mockery, derision, and scorn. It also encompasses related concepts like arrogance, intense anger, regret, and overwhelming rain, along with the act of singing.

This root primarily relates to the concept of sticking, adhering, or being attached. It also extends to meanings of abundance, a type of food, and the act of calling or inviting someone.

This root pertains to coarse, rough, or patched-up coverings and garments. It also describes a coarse and thick type of felt or padding.

This root describes large, robust, and gluttonous individuals, particularly women and men. It also extends to terms for a powerful lion and a general term for a man.

The root الهم (al-hamma) primarily relates to concepts of sadness, worry, and distress. It extends to meanings of melting, dissolving, and exertion, as well as seeking, pursuing, and intense effort. It also encompasses terms for great leaders, brave individuals, and certain animals.

This root appears to relate to subtle or indistinct sounds, as well as specific types of plants, objects, and even a tribal name. It encompasses concepts of quiet noises, certain plants like cotton and dates, a charm bead, a short person, and an unintelligible speech.

This root primarily relates to concepts of vastness, emptiness, and the head. It encompasses geographical terms for open land, states of drowsiness, and descriptions of large heads or lions.