Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking to, adhering to, or being inseparable from something. It extends to concepts of obligation, necessity, and close association, encompassing both physical attachment and abstract commitment.

This root primarily relates to silence, particularly a silence born of shyness or inability rather than understanding. It also extends to the act of prompting someone, seeking something, and adhering to a path.

This root pertains to forceful and insistent actions. It describes a state of being aggressive, persistent, and overwhelming in one's approach.

This root primarily concerns the act of striking, particularly the face or side of the body with an open hand. It extends to related concepts like slapping, hitting, and the resulting marks, as well as metaphorical applications to inanimate objects and natural phenomena.

This root describes a state of hesitation, stammering, or pausing. It can refer to a deliberate slowness or a more involuntary blockage in speech or action, often implying a need for careful consideration or a reluctance to proceed.

This root primarily relates to the concept of saliva or drool. It describes the substance itself and potentially the act of producing it.

This root appears to relate to the concept of greed or eagerness, particularly in the context of eating or consuming something. It also has a specific usage indicating a lack of eating.

This root appears to be a variant or less common form related to stammering or speaking with difficulty. It is directly equated with another root that signifies this meaning.

This root primarily relates to the act of spitting or ejecting something from the mouth, particularly saliva or froth. It also extends to concepts of deception, spreading rumors, and specific anatomical parts around the mouth, as well as certain types of perfumes and a specific physical characteristic of a sheep.

This root pertains to the act of eating, specifically focusing on intense or voracious consumption. It describes individuals who eat with great gusto and in large quantities.

This root primarily relates to covering or veiling, particularly the face or nose. It extends to the act of tying or binding something, often with a cloth like a turban.

This root primarily concerns the act of taking something into the mouth, swallowing, or eating quickly. It also extends to meanings related to the middle or bulk of something, and specific applications like a camel's gait or a type of wheat.

The root اللكم primarily relates to striking with the hand, often in a closed fist. It extends to concepts of pushing, a specific type of blow, and also describes a hard, stone-breaking substance and a type of shoe.

The root لمه (l-m-h) primarily relates to the concept of gathering, collecting, and bringing together. It extends to meanings of approaching maturity, intense or severe situations, and also encompasses specific grammatical particles and a geographical location.

This root primarily concerns the concept of blame, reproach, and censure. It extends to the act of blaming, the state of being blamed, and the things or reasons for which one is blamed. It also encompasses related concepts like waiting, slowness, and even physical descriptions.

This root primarily concerns the concept of swallowing, consuming, or devouring something completely. It extends to meanings of being voracious, insatiable, or having a great capacity, and also relates to intense or overwhelming experiences like war, fever, or death.

This root primarily describes something large, expansive, or well-trodden. It encompasses concepts of size, width, and the ease of passage on a path, as well as a strong inclination or obsession with something.

This root primarily relates to the concept of cutting, severing, or breaking apart. It extends to the idea of consuming or devouring something, and also describes something that is sharp or a sharp edge, as well as something vast or expansive.

This root primarily relates to the anatomical region below the ears, specifically the jaw angles or prominent bones in that area. It also extends to describe the intermingling of gray hair with the beard and is used as a tribal or familial appellation.

This root appears to describe narrow, constricted valleys or watercourses. The primary meaning relates to the physical shape and passage of these geographical features.

This root primarily relates to concepts of peace, reconciliation, and likeness. It also extends to a specific place name and a well-known fruit.

This root primarily concerns ointments and salves used for healing, particularly for wounds. It also touches upon the linguistic analysis of the word 'marham' itself, discussing the origin of its letters.

This root appears to relate to the concept of a man possessing negative qualities, specifically being base or ignoble. The primary derived term describes such an individual.

This root primarily relates to wax and tools used in crafts like weaving and shoemaking. It also extends to severe medical conditions like peripneumonia and a severe form of smallpox, and can refer to a type of horse.

This root primarily relates to inquiries about someone's state, condition, or recent events. It functions as an interrogative expression.

This root primarily relates to a specific geographical location and a letter of the alphabet. It does not appear to have extensive semantic derivations beyond these core meanings.

This root primarily concerns subtle, quiet, or weak sounds, often associated with animals or inanimate objects. It can also refer to a gentle or faint sound, and by extension, to the act of dying or being silenced.

This root describes the act of bursting forth or erupting with unpleasant speech. It implies an uncontrolled and sudden outburst of negative or offensive words, akin to an explosion of language.

This root pertains to speaking, specifically concerning the utterance of unpleasant or offensive speech. It encompasses the act of talking about something in a negative or improper manner.

This root entry appears to be a proper noun, specifically a place name. It refers to a locality in Basra from which scholars emerged.

This root primarily relates to celestial bodies, specifically stars and constellations, and by extension, things that appear or emerge. It also encompasses concepts of time, origin, and growth, particularly in plants and the payment of debts.

This root primarily relates to sounds of exertion, coughing, or animal vocalizations. It also extends to meanings of stinginess, specific animals, and a historical personal name or epithet.

This root primarily relates to expelling something from the chest or nose, often with a sense of force or clearing. It also extends to meanings of fatigue, excellence, and even a specific place name.

This root primarily concerns the concept of regret, sorrow, and remorse. It also extends to companionship, particularly in the context of drinking, and can refer to wit or a trace.

This entry appears to be a proper noun entry rather than a semantic root. It defines two place names, possibly variants of each other.

This root primarily relates to the concept of intensity, particularly in biting or gripping. It also extends to meanings associated with sharpness or a bundle, though these are noted as potentially being miswritten.

This root primarily concerns the concept of breath, spirit, and gentle wind. It extends to related ideas like the act of breathing, the essence of life, and the subtle movement of air. Derived meanings also touch upon the physical body, signs, paths, and the beginning or revival of things.

This root primarily relates to the concept of change, beginning, and taking hold, often with negative connotations. It also encompasses specific botanical and perfumery terms, as well as the idea of acquiring knowledge subtly.

This root appears to relate to the concept of an image or idol, particularly one that is worshipped. It encompasses the act of creating such images and the act of worshipping them.

This root pertains to wheat, specifically describing it as plump, well-fed, and of high quality. It also refers to the grain itself and its individual units.

This root primarily concerns the concept of arranging, composing, and stringing things together. It extends to collective entities, celestial bodies, and the act of organizing or structuring. It also encompasses the idea of a course, habit, or established way of life.

This root primarily concerns subtle or hidden speech, often associated with singing or a pleasant sound. It also extends to the act of drinking, specifically taking a sip or gulp.

This root primarily concerns retribution, punishment, and vengeance. It extends to concepts of dislike, hatred, and the act of punishing. Secondary meanings include specific places, a type of date, and a descriptive term for a swift eater.

This root primarily deals with concepts of calamity, disaster, and severe misfortune. It encompasses significant hardships and devastating events that befall individuals or communities.

This root primarily concerns the act of spreading gossip, slander, and false tales, often with embellishment and deceit. It also extends to meanings related to subtle movements, growth, and even specific plants and physical blemishes.

This root primarily concerns the state of sleep, drowsiness, and related concepts. It extends to metaphorical uses describing cessation, quietude, or decline in various contexts, as well as terms for people who sleep a lot or are absent-minded.

This root primarily relates to concepts of ease, comfort, and abundance, extending to things that are soft, yielding, or pleasant. It also encompasses specific geographical locations and natural phenomena.