Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily deals with concepts of weakness, foolishness, and physical frailty. It also extends to describe decorative mosaics and the places adorned with them, possibly deriving from the idea of intricate or fragmented patterns.

This root primarily describes the shape and condition of the nose, specifically a flattened or broad nose. It also extends to meanings related to death, particularly a sudden or unexplained demise, and to specific objects like a pig's snout or tools.

This root appears to relate to intense heat, fire, and by extension, dangerous or formidable entities. It is used to describe a smokeless fire, a formidable snake, a fierce lion, and a powerful man or a severe calamity.

This root primarily relates to concepts of breaking, crushing, and sudden death. It also extends to violent actions like pulling hair and seizing things by force, as well as a specific type of trap mechanism.

This root entry primarily discusses a specific tribe or lineage within the Arab world, identified by the name 'Faq'as'. The origin and linguistic classification of this name within Arabic are noted as uncertain by a prominent lexicographer.

This root primarily concerns the concept of poverty, destitution, and financial ruin. It also extends to meanings related to deception, worthlessness, and a superficial shine or gloss.

This root primarily describes a greedy, eager, or persistent person, often with negative connotations of being overly demanding or insatiable. It also extends to descriptions of animals and specific individuals known for their acquisitiveness.

This root primarily describes broadness or wideness, particularly related to the nose or the head of a camel's hump. It also extends to describe the dung of a pig's snout.

This root primarily discusses terms related to a person's lineage and social standing, particularly concerning mixed or questionable parentage. It also extends to describe someone as stingy or base.

This root appears to be related to poverty and a specific anatomical term. The primary meaning discussed is extreme poverty, possibly derived from a root meaning bankruptcy. A secondary meaning refers to a large testicle.

This root appears to relate to the concept of rapid or vigorous movement, specifically running or advancing quickly. It is a less common root with limited derived forms.

This root primarily relates to the snout or nose of an animal, particularly a pig, and by extension, the nose of a human. It also extends to meanings of robustness, large size, and specific objects like a ship's bilge or a tool for working copper.

This root primarily relates to the concept of indexing, cataloging, and compiling information. It refers to a book or list where items are gathered and organized, often for reference or preservation. The term is considered a loanword in Arabic.

This root primarily concerns fire, specifically a flame or ember taken from a larger source. It extends metaphorically to acquiring knowledge or benefits, and also to rapid fertility or procreation in animals.

This root primarily refers to a place name, Cyprus, and derives terms related to it, including a specific type of high-quality copper associated with the region.

The root قدس (q-d-s) primarily relates to concepts of holiness, purity, and sanctification, often in a divine or spiritual context. It extends to meanings of blessing, purification, and consecrated places or things. The root also encompasses geographical names and specific objects associated with purification.

This root appears to describe qualities of bravery and boldness, particularly in the context of a strong or courageous individual. It can also, however, denote a negative disposition, such as bad temper or ill-mannered behavior.

This root primarily denotes concepts related to greatness, largeness, and seniority. It is used to describe large physical objects like rocks, powerful entities like kings or armies, and abstract notions of antiquity and precedence.

This root primarily denotes intense cold, frost, and freezing. It extends to the act of cooling or becoming cold, and also describes things that are large, strong, or thick, particularly animals.

This root primarily concerns the parts of a saddle, specifically the pommel and cantle, and related straps and components. It also touches upon the idea of being close or near, though this is less emphasized in the provided text.

This root appears to relate to concepts of hardship, firmness, and possibly a tribal designation. The primary meaning revolves around intensity and solidity.

The root قرطس primarily relates to paper, parchment, or writing materials. It extends to describe things made from papyrus, particularly in Egypt, and also encompasses a target for archery and a young, strong female camel or a tall, fair maiden.

This root appears to describe things that are large, bulky, or imposing. It is primarily used for large animals like rams and camels, and by extension, can refer to something substantial or significant.

This root primarily relates to small, bothersome insects, specifically types of bugs or fleas. It also extends to describe a type of sealing clay and a specific kind of barren, smooth, and potentially hazardous terrain. Additionally, it denotes the act of calling or summoning a dog.

The root قسس primarily relates to the concepts of seeking, following, and investigating, often with a connotation of diligence or intensity. It extends to meanings of spreading gossip, being knowledgeable or a leader (especially in a religious context), and describing swift or arduous movement. It also encompasses terms for specific types of plants, animals, and even a type of cloth.

This root appears to relate to scales, balances, and measuring instruments, particularly those associated with justice and fairness. It also extends to terms for specific types of containers or stones, possibly derived from the concept of weighing or holding.

The root قعس (q-ʿ-s) primarily relates to a curvature or concavity, particularly in the back and chest, and by extension, to firmness, steadfastness, and immovability. It also extends to descriptions of objects like bows and animals, and abstract concepts like wealth and time.

This root appears to describe a state of being or action related to a specific posture or manner of movement, possibly involving a sudden or forceful action. It also seems to encompass a noun referring to a similar concept or entity.

This root describes someone or something that is strong, unyielding, and perhaps slow or backward. It can also refer to difficult or severe circumstances.

This root primarily relates to forceful taking, grabbing, or pulling, often with anger or violence. It also extends to meanings of death, a specific ethnic group, and negative characterizations of people and animals.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of horse movement, possibly a prancing or rearing motion. It is also associated with a historical figure, the ruler of Alexandria.

The root قلس primarily relates to the expulsion or ejection of substances, particularly from the mouth or throat, like regurgitation or vomiting. It extends to concepts of overflowing, casting forth, and also encompasses actions related to music, dance, and religious gestures, as well as headwear.

This root primarily describes something or someone as ugly, unpleasant, or coarse in appearance and character. It conveys a sense of being rough, unrefined, and generally unattractive.

This root primarily describes vastness, abundance, and greatness, often applied to bodies of water, but also to people of high status, generosity, or cunning. It can also refer to a specific historical practice related to the lunar calendar.

This root primarily relates to covering and concealing, often in the context of headwear or a hood. It also extends to descriptions of posture and water-related terms.

The root قمس (q-m-s) primarily relates to the act of submerging, sinking, or disappearing into something, especially water. It extends to concepts of appearing and disappearing, like mirages or celestial bodies, and also describes vigorous movement or disturbance.

This root appears to describe something that is cunning, sly, or a trickster. It is primarily used as an adjective or noun to denote a person possessing these qualities.

This root primarily relates to the front or top part of something, particularly the head of a horse or the apex of a helmet. It also extends to concepts of origin, foundation, and in some contexts, a small amount of vomit.

This root appears to be related to the concept of covering or concealing, particularly with a hood or cowl. It describes the act of drawing a hood over the head and the resulting state of being covered.

The root قندس primarily relates to the concepts of repentance after sin and the act of deliberately committing a sin. It also extends to the meaning of traveling aimlessly or wandering across the land.

This root appears to relate to terms for large, strong animals, specifically camels, and potentially parasitic or undesirable entities. The derived terms are rare and primarily found in classical lexicographical sources.

This root describes something large, strong, and imposing, particularly in reference to animals like camels and horses, and also to men of imposing stature and strength.

This root primarily describes a specific gait characterized by speed and a stooped or bent posture. It can also refer to a person who is tall and large, with some related terms suggesting variations in pronunciation for the same meaning.

This root appears to relate to terms for large or stout individuals, particularly women, and also includes a term for a small louse. There is some uncertainty about the validity of one of the terms.

The root قيس (q-y-s) primarily relates to measuring, estimating, and comparing things. It extends to concepts of proportion, quantity, and even the act of assessing or determining something's value or extent. This can also encompass the idea of fitting or matching.

This root primarily concerns the concept of a cup, especially one containing wine, and by extension, the wine itself. It extends metaphorically to represent a portion of hardship, suffering, or death that one must endure.

This root primarily concerns the concept of accumulation, piling up, and gathering. It extends to the idea of things being crowded or overlapping, and by extension, to rapid movement where things are close together, and even to being pushed or thrown down.