Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily relates to the male hyena, characterized by its abundant hair. It also extends to meanings of stubbornness, arrogance, and a specific part of a palm tree. Additionally, it can refer to wolves in a particular dialect.

This root primarily relates to concepts of relaxation, slackness, and weakness, often in a physical or mental sense. It extends to descriptions of large size, specific geographical locations, and a particular type of female slave known for her reactions during intercourse.

This root primarily relates to sticking, adhering, or being fixed in place, often with a sense of softness or looseness. It extends to concepts of being stuck like a tick, a loose or poorly made cut, and a lack of thoroughness in an action.

This root appears to be related to a place name or a specific geographical location. The primary entry defines it as a region or district.

The root رخخ (r-kh-kh) primarily relates to concepts of softness, looseness, and yielding. It extends to describe physical states like being watery or yielding under pressure, as well as abstract qualities like ease, abundance, and a relaxed state of mind or affairs.

This root primarily relates to the concept of crushing, breaking, or pounding something, often with a heavy object. It can also refer to a specific type of soft, yielding substance or a place associated with such actions.

This root primarily deals with the action of thrusting or pushing something forcefully, often with a weapon like a spear. It also extends to the object used for such an action.

This root primarily denotes the concept of being firmly established, fixed, or deeply ingrained. It extends to ideas of permanence, stability, and thoroughness, whether in a physical location, knowledge, or even moisture in the ground.

This root pertains to the concept of firmness, stability, and deep-rootedness. It describes something that is firmly established, fixed, or deeply embedded, akin to being firmly planted.

The root رضخ (ra-ḍa-kha) primarily denotes the act of breaking or crushing, particularly of hard objects like heads, nuts, or bones. It extends to meanings of giving a small or reluctant gift, and also to a slight or indistinct utterance.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being puffed up, arrogant, or haughty. It describes a state of inflated pride and self-importance, often leading to disdain for others. The derived terms convey a sense of arrogance, conceit, and a proud demeanor.

This root primarily relates to specific types of plants and trees, particularly those found in certain regions. It also extends to terms for specific stages of date fruit development and descriptive terms for animals associated with these plants.

This root appears to relate to the concept of subjugation, humiliation, or being brought low. It describes a state of being humbled or made subservient.

This root primarily concerns the semantic field of weakness, yielding, and becoming soft or pliable. It extends to concepts of loosening, becoming infirm, and physically yielding or spreading apart.

This root entry is extremely brief and appears to be a loanword entry. It identifies 'al-zarnīkh' as a foreign word, likely referring to the chemical element arsenic.

The root ZLKH primarily relates to actions involving upward motion, extension, and speed, particularly in the context of archery. It also extends to meanings of slipperiness, steepness, and physical ailments affecting the back and sides.

This root primarily describes arrogance, haughtiness, and pride, often manifested physically through an uplifted nose. It also extends to describe difficult or distant geographical features, like a steep mountain pass.

This root primarily concerns the concept of something becoming rancid, spoiled, or having a foul odor, particularly applied to fats and oils. It can also extend to describe a state of being tenacious or clinging, like a tick, and a condition of camels when their bellies shrink from thirst.

This root appears to relate to places or locations. The primary derived term signifies a specific type of place, with a note on its grammatical treatment.

This root primarily relates to the concept of moving or deviating from a place or position. It encompasses meanings of going, departing, and being pushed or moved away. The root also touches upon the idea of deviating from a standard or position.

The root سبخ primarily relates to the concept of lessening, alleviating, or becoming calm. This extends to meanings of relief from burdens, physical discomforts like heat or fever, and even the calming of emotions. It also encompasses the physical act of loosening or fluffing materials like cotton and wool, and describes a type of salty, barren land.

This root primarily relates to soft, yielding earth and the act of digging or penetrating into it. It also extends to the action of a locust piercing the ground with its ovipositor.

This root appears to relate to the concept of striking or hitting something forcefully, leading to a state of being spread out or expanded.

This root primarily describes vast, open, and often disorienting or empty expanses of land. It can also refer to a state of lightness, recklessness, or the intense heat of midday.

The root سلخ (slkh) primarily denotes the act of peeling, stripping, or shedding something, particularly skin or a covering. It extends to concepts of removal, departure, and the end of a period, as well as describing things that have been stripped or shed.

This root primarily relates to anatomical openings, specifically the ear canal, and by extension, the act of piercing or damaging such an opening. It also extends to metaphorical uses describing sharp or piercing sounds and speech.

This root appears to describe things that are bland, tasteless, or insipid, particularly in the context of food and drink. It also extends to describe the soft, pulpy, or waxy material found within certain plant stems or earwax.

This root primarily denotes the origin, foundation, or fundamental part of something, whether abstract or concrete. It extends to concepts of ingrained nature, deep-seated qualities, and the core or base of objects. It can also refer to a state of decay or corruption, and in a specialized sense, the part of a tool that enters a handle or socket.

This root appears to relate to walking or moving, particularly during the hottest part of the day. The derived forms suggest a specific type of movement or state associated with intense heat and midday.

This root primarily describes the act of sinking, plunging, or becoming submerged, especially in soft ground like mud or earth. It also extends to the resulting state of the ground being muddy or yielding.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being firmly established, rooted, or deeply settled. It can also refer to a type of spring herb and, in a specific context, to attentive listening.

This root primarily relates to the sound of milk during milking. It describes the noise produced by the milk as it flows into the pail.

This root primarily relates to the sound and action of passing liquid, particularly urine, often with a sense of involuntary release or a specific sound. It also extends to sounds of movement and friction, like those made by weapons or new materials.

The root 'شدخ' primarily denotes breaking, crushing, or shattering, especially of soft, moist, or hollow objects. It extends to meanings of ripening, spreading, and deviating from a course, and is also used as a proper name and place name.

This root primarily concerns the concept of beginnings, youth, and the early stages of things. It extends to the edges or sharp parts of objects, and also refers to offspring or young animals.

This root appears to relate to the concept of wideness or breadth, specifically in the context of feet. It describes something as broad or wide.

This root primarily relates to lineage, origin, and offspring, encompassing concepts of descent, progeny, and the quality of one's descendants. It also extends to personal qualities and historical lineage.

This root primarily denotes concepts of height, elevation, and loftiness, both physically and metaphorically. It extends to meanings of arrogance, pride, and haughtiness, as well as specific botanical and geographical terms.

This root primarily relates to the elevated parts of mountains and, by extension, the tops or peaks of things. It also extends to the process of preparing date palm spathes.

The root 'شندخ' primarily describes something large, strong, and robust, particularly in the context of horses, camels, and men. It also extends to a type of food or meal.

This root primarily concerns the concept of old age, specifically reaching a certain advanced age, and the characteristics associated with it. It also extends to terms for elders, respected individuals, and metaphorically to things that are old, established, or prominent.

This root primarily relates to salt marshes, salt flats, and saline soil. It also extends to terms for cotton and its processed forms, often associated with a salty or alkaline environment.

This root primarily concerns the concept of striking, particularly with a hard object, and the resulting sound. It extends to the idea of a piercing or deafening sound, a sudden calamity, and even a specific type of aggressive action by a bird.

This root primarily concerns loud vocalizations, especially those expressing distress, fear, or a call for help. It encompasses the act of shouting, the sound itself, and the roles of both the one calling out and the one responding to a call for aid.

This root primarily deals with the concept of deafness or being deaf, often in an extreme or absolute sense. It also extends to meanings related to severe skin conditions like mange, and certain types of venomous snakes.

The root صمخ (ṣmḵ) primarily relates to the inner part of the ear, specifically the ear canal, and by extension, the ear itself. It also extends to meanings of striking, damaging, or causing a deep impact, including a state of deep sleep or unconsciousness.

This root primarily describes the waxy or flaky substance found in the ear canal, as well as curdled or thickened milk. It also extends to describe dried, thin plant parts, particularly from roots.

This root primarily relates to dirt, grime, and uncleanness, particularly on the body. It can also refer to the act of cleaning or removing such impurities.

This root primarily relates to the act of listening attentively and the concept of being absorbed or sinking into something. It also encompasses a specific type of bone swelling and the idea of something splitting or tearing.