Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root primarily refers to a specific ancient Yemeni tribe that settled in Mecca and had ties to the Prophet Ishmael. It also extends to describe qualities of being bold, strong, and large, particularly in reference to animals like lions and camels.

The root جزم (j-z-m) primarily relates to the concept of cutting, severing, and finalizing. This extends to meanings of decisiveness, completion, and finality, particularly in speech, grammar, and actions. It also encompasses senses related to eating, filling, and specific types of writing and animal groups.

The root 'جسم' primarily relates to the physical body, mass, and substance. It extends to concepts of size, importance, and the core reality of things, often used metaphorically for abstract qualities or significant matters.

The root جشم primarily relates to undertaking something with difficulty, hardship, or reluctance. It extends to concepts of burden, physical exertion, and even specific geographical or tribal references.

The root جعم (j-ʿ-m) primarily relates to intense desire, greed, and voracious eating, often to the point of depletion or illness. It also extends to concepts of foolishness, stubbornness, and a strong, sometimes inappropriate, longing for something.

This root appears to relate to concepts of largeness, thickness, and contraction. It is also used to denote specific tribal names and plant parts.

This root describes physical characteristics, primarily focusing on being small, stout, thick-set, or short and stout. It can also refer to a specific type of person or a proper name.

The root جلم primarily relates to cutting, shearing, or trimming, especially of hair, wool, or flesh. It extends to tools used for cutting, specific cuts of meat, and even celestial bodies and markings.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being large, bulky, or stout, often describing a person or animal. It conveys a sense of substantial physical presence.

This root appears to relate to the concepts of gathering, assembling, and potentially arrogance or pride associated with such a collective state. It describes a group of people coming together, which can imply a sense of unity or a display of haughtiness.

This root appears to relate to arrogance, haughtiness, and a forceful, perhaps uncontrolled, manner of action. It describes an individual or group exhibiting pride and a strong, unyielding demeanor.

This root appears to be related to a specific medical condition, possibly a type of fever or inflammation. The primary derived term refers to this condition, with a comparison to another similar term.

This root appears to describe something old, worn out, or lacking in shame. It is primarily used to denote an aged female camel and, metaphorically, a person with little modesty.

This root primarily relates to the sides or edges of a valley, often with a sense of being prominent or distinct. It also extends to personal names and a term for a large rock or plateau, and a tribe.

This root primarily relates to concepts of gathering, multitude, and abundance. It also extends to meanings of approaching, being imminent, and the physical covering or enclosure of the head, as well as the skull itself. Additionally, it encompasses terms for speech that is unclear or suppressed, and specific geographical locations or historical events.

This root appears to relate to the concept of a collective or entirety of something. It is presented as a potential variant of another root, suggesting a shared semantic field of wholeness or completeness.

This root primarily describes a harsh, stern, or unpleasant facial expression and demeanor. It extends to concepts of roughness, difficulty, and scarcity, particularly in relation to the night and clouds.

This root primarily relates to a type of fabric or garment, specifically associated with a place name. It also refers to the place itself and the fabric made there.

This root describes something large, bulky, and imposing, often associated with physical size and a sense of arrogance or dominance. It can refer to large animals like lions or horses, or to people exhibiting traits of being stout, arrogant, or cowardly.

This root primarily concerns the concept of hell, specifically the Islamic concept of Hellfire. It also extends to the idea of a distant, deep place, and is used to name a specific poet and a well.

This root primarily relates to shepherds and their unity, and also to a vessel, particularly a silver one, and the act of seeking.

This root primarily concerns the Arabic letter 'jīm' (ج). It details its phonetic classification as a voiced consonant and discusses its grammatical gender, which can be either feminine or masculine. The root also includes a derived verb related to the act of writing the letter.

This root appears to be related to the concept of hunger. The primary derived term directly signifies someone who is hungry.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of food or dish, possibly a stew or broth made from pomegranate seeds. The primary derived term describes this preparation.

This root primarily concerns the concept of decree, obligation, and inevitability. It extends to meanings of judgment, finality, and things that are fixed or unavoidable. It also encompasses related ideas like blackness and specific omens.

This root appears to be related to a specific place name. The primary entry discusses a location named 'حتلم'.

This root primarily relates to small mounds or elevations, often with a dark or reddish color. It also extends to meanings of giving, rubbing, and specific geographical locations or personal names derived from these concepts.

This root primarily concerns the anatomical features of the face, specifically the area around the mouth and nose. It describes the philtrum, the upper lip, and related facial characteristics, including thickness of the lips.

This root appears to relate to the dregs or sediment found in fats and oils. It describes the impure or cloudy residue that settles at the bottom.

This root primarily concerns the concept of restraint, holding back, or preventing action. It extends to the idea of being hesitant or fearful, and also to a physical restraint used on an animal's mouth.

The root حدم (ḥdm) primarily denotes intense heat, burning, and inflammation, extending to the intensity of emotions like anger and the intensity of sounds associated with fire or boiling. It also encompasses the idea of rapid boiling and, metaphorically, the peak of intensity in various situations.

The root حذم primarily relates to cutting, especially a quick or decisive cut. It extends to meanings of speed and swiftness in movement, actions, and even speech. It also encompasses terms for quick or short individuals and skilled people.

This root primarily relates to the concept of fullness, completion, and speed. It describes filling containers, preparing or perfecting something, and moving quickly. It also encompasses refinement, politeness, and a rolling or tumbling motion.

The root 'حرم' primarily denotes prohibition, sacredness, and inviolability. It extends to concepts of something being forbidden, sacred, or protected, as well as the act of making something forbidden or sacred. It also encompasses the idea of something being withheld or denied.

This root primarily describes the act of causing animals, particularly camels, to bunch up or gather together. It extends to concepts of crowding, congestion, and by extension, implies a state of being gathered or compressed, often due to hardship or scarcity.

This root appears to relate to stubbornness, obstinacy, and persistent argumentation. It describes a state of being unyielding in one's opinions or actions, often to the point of being quarrelsome or intractable.

This root primarily relates to the concept of filling or packing something tightly. It also extends to a curse and is used as a proper noun for a man and a specific camel.

This root primarily relates to concepts of death, poison, and severe hardship, particularly in the form of drought years. It also extends to spatial terms like a corner.

This root appears to relate to a place and specifically to red-dyed leather or wool. The primary usage found is in classical poetry, describing materials of a particular color.

This root appears to describe something large, bulky, or immense, particularly in reference to animals. It is used to denote significant size and substantiality.

The root حزم (ḥzm) primarily relates to binding, tying, and securing things, often with ropes or belts. This extends metaphorically to concepts of self-control, decisiveness, prudence, and firm resolve in managing one's affairs. It also encompasses physical descriptions of terrain and objects.

This root appears to be primarily associated with geographical features, specifically mountains. It is used in classical poetry to denote a specific mountain.

The root حسم primarily denotes cutting, severing, or decisively ending something. This extends to physically cutting and cauterizing a wound to stop bleeding, metaphorically cutting off a disease with medicine, and decisively settling or preventing an affair. It also encompasses concepts of misfortune and continuous, uninterrupted action.

This root primarily relates to the act of passing gas, specifically flatulence. It also extends to the breaking or shattering of objects, particularly wood or branches.

This root primarily relates to the unripe or early stage of fruits, particularly grapes. It extends to concepts of tightness, constriction, scarcity, and something being small or limited, often in a negative or restricted sense.