جمم

Root entry · 28 derived lemmas

This root primarily relates to concepts of gathering, multitude, and abundance. It also extends to meanings of approaching, being imminent, and the physical covering or enclosure of the head, as well as the skull itself. Additionally, it encompasses terms for speech that is unclear or suppressed, and specific geographical locations or historical events.

Derived headwords

جَمَّverb

1.
to gather, assembleboth
To come together in a large group or multitude.
2.
to be abundantclassical
To be plentiful or numerous.

الجَمّnoun

1.
multitude, crowdboth
A large gathering of people.
2.
abundanceclassical
Plentifulness or a great quantity.

والجم الشيطان. — And the multitude of devils.

الجُمُوحnoun

1.
unruliness, stubbornnessclassical
A state of being unruly or resistant to control.

الجُمُومnoun

1.
gathering, multitudeclassical
The act or state of gathering or being numerous.

الجَمّاء الغَفِيرnoun

1.
large crowd, multitudeclassical
A very large and dense gathering of people.

والجماء الغفير: جماعة الناس. — And al-jamāʾ al-ghafīr: a group of people.

جَمَاعَةnoun

1.
group, communityboth
A number of individuals united by common interests or characteristics.

جَمَاعًا غَفِيرًاadverbial phrase

1.
in a multitude, in crowdsclassical
Describing people arriving or acting together in large numbers.

وجاؤوا جما غفيرا، وجماء الغفير، والجماء الغفير أي بجماعتهم — And they came in a multitude, and al-jamāʾ al-ghafīr, and al-jamāʾ al-ghafīr, meaning with their group.

الجَمّاءnoun

1.
skullcap, crown of the headclassical
The rounded upper part of the head, or specifically the skull.

وقال: الجماء بيضة الرأس، سميت بذلك لأنها جماء أي ملساء — And he said: Al-jamāʾ is the egg of the head, so named because it is jamāʾ, meaning smooth.

أَجَمَverb

1.
to approach, be imminentclassical
To draw near or become close to happening.

إن يكن ذاكما الفراق أجما — If that separation of yours has approached.

أَجَمَتْverb

1.
its end approachedclassical
Referring to the imminent end or demise of something.

ولا يغني امرأ ولد أجمت منيته، ولا مال أثيل — And the son of one whose death has approached does not avail him, nor does abundant wealth.

أَجَمَتْverb

1.
approached, became imminentclassical
Describing a need or event that has drawn near or become due.

مضت وأجمت حاجة الغد لا تخلو — It passed, and tomorrow's need approached, not being empty.

تَجَمَّمَverb

1.
to gather, assembleclassical
To collect oneself or gather together.

تَجَمْجَمَverb

1.
to speak unclearly, mumbleclassical
To utter words indistinctly or in a suppressed manner.

إلى مطمئن البر لا يتجمجم — To the settled righteousness, without hesitation.

جَمْجَمَverb

1.
to speak unclearly, mumbleclassical
To utter words indistinctly or in a suppressed manner.
2.
to suppress speech, hideclassical
To keep something within oneself without revealing it.

لعمري لقد طال ما جمجموا، — By my life, they have long mumbled,

جَمْجَمَverb

1.
to perish, be destroyedclassical
To be brought to ruin or utter destruction.

كم من عدى جمجمهم وجحجبا — How many enemies did He destroy and make to stumble.

الجُمْجُمَةnoun

1.
skullboth
The bony framework of the head, enclosing the brain.
2.
leader, chiefclassical
A prominent person or head of a group or tribe.

والجمجمة: عظم الرأس المشتمل على الدماغ. — And al-jumjumah: the bone of the head containing the brain.

الجَمَاجِمnoun

1.
leaders, chiefsclassical
Plural of jumjumah, referring to the prominent individuals or heads of tribes.
2.
tribesclassical
Groups of people, often named after a prominent ancestor.

وجماجم القوم: ساداتهم — And the jumajim of the people: their leaders.

الجُمجمةnoun

1.
wooden cup, bowlclassical
A vessel, often made of wood, used for drinking or holding liquids.

قال القتيبي: الجمجمة قدح من خشب، والجمع الجماجم. — Al-Qutaybi said: Al-jumjumah is a wooden cup, and its plural is al-jamājim.

الجُمجمةnoun

1.
destruction, ruinclassical
The state of being utterly destroyed or annihilated.

والجمجمة: الإهلاك؛ عن كراع. — And al-jumjumah: destruction; from Kara'.

الجُمجمةnoun

1.
ploughshare attachmentclassical
A wooden part attached to the ploughshare for farming.

هي الخشبة التي تكون في رأسها سكة الحرث. — It is the wooden piece at the head of the ploughshare.

الجُمجمةnoun

1.
well in a marshy areaclassical
A well dug in a soft, marshy ground.

والجمجمة: البئر تحفر في السبخة. — And al-jumjumah: a well dug in a marshy area.

الجُمجمةnoun

1.
a specific place nameclassical
A location mentioned in historical accounts, often associated with battles.

ودير الجماجم: موضع — And Dayr al-Jamājim: a place.

الجُمجمةnoun

1.
a specific place nameclassical
A location between Al-Dahna and Matāliʿ in the territory of Tamim.

والجماجم: موضع بين الدهناء ومتالع في ديار تميم. — And Al-Jamājim: a place between Al-Dahna and Matāliʿ in the territory of Tamim.

يوم الجماجمname

1.
The Day of Al-Jamājimclassical
A well-known historical battle day during the Islamic era.

ويوم الجماجم: يوم من وقائع العرب في الإسلام معروف. — And Yawm al-Jamājim: a known day of Arab battles in Islam.

الجَمَىnoun

1.
broad beansclassical
A type of legume, specifically broad beans.

والجمى، مقصور: الباقلى؛ حكاه أبو حنيفة. — And al-jamā, short form: broad beans; narrated by Abu Hanifa.

الجَمْجَمَةnoun

1.
unclear speechclassical
The quality of speech that is not clear or distinct.

أن لا يبين كلامه من غير عي — That his speech is not clear due to some impediment.

الجَمْجَمَةnoun

1.
suppressed speech, hidden thoughtclassical
Something kept within the chest or heart without being expressed.

جمجم في صدره شيئا: أخفاه ولم يبده — He suppressed something in his chest: he hid it and did not reveal it.

الجَمْجَمَةnoun

1.
a specific place nameclassical
A place located three miles from Medina, mentioned in hadith.

والجماء، بالفتح والمد والتشديد: موضع على ثلاثة أميال من المدينة تكرر ذكره في الحديث. — And Al-Jamāʾ, with fatha, madd, and shadda: a place three miles from Medina, repeatedly mentioned in the hadith.

Parallel reading

والجم الشيطان.

And the multitude of devils.

والجم: الغوغاء والسفل.

And al-jamm: the rabble and the low class.

والجماء الغفير: جماعة الناس.

And al-jamāʾ al-ghafīr: a group of people.

وجاؤوا جما غفيرا، وجماء الغفير، والجماء الغفير أي بجماعتهم؛

And they came in a multitude, and al-jamāʾ al-ghafīr, and al-jamāʾ al-ghafīr, meaning with their group;

قال سيبويه: الجماء الغفير من الأسماء التي وضعت موضع الحال ودخلتها الألف واللام كما دخلت في العراك من قولهم: أرسلها العراك،

Sibawayh said: Al-jamāʾ al-ghafīr is among the nouns that were placed in the position of a circumstantial adverb, and the definite article entered them as it entered 'al-ʿirāk' in their saying: 'Send her forth 'al-ʿirāk','

وقال ابن الأعرابي: الجماء الغفير الجماعة،

And Ibn al-A'rābī said: Al-jamāʾ al-ghafīr means the group,

وقال: الجماء بيضة الرأس، سميت بذلك لأنها جماء أي ملساء، ووصفت بالغفير لأنها تغفر أي تغطي الرأس؛

And he said: Al-jamāʾ is the egg of the head, so named because it is jamāʾ, meaning smooth, and it is described as al-ghafīr because it covers, meaning it covers the head;

قلت يا رسول الله، كم الرسل؟ قال: ثلثمائة وخمسة عشر ، وفي رواية: وثلاثة عشر جم الغفير ؛

I said: O Messenger of Allah, how many messengers? He said: Three hundred and fifteen. And in another narration: and thirteen jam al-ghafīr;

قال ابن الأثير: هكذا جاءت الرواية، قالوا: والصواب جما غفيرا؛

Ibn al-Athīr said: Thus came the narration. They said: And the correct is jamāʿan ghafīran;

يقال: جاء القوم جما غفيرا، والجماء الغفير، وجماء غفيرا أي مجتمعين كثيرين؛

It is said: The people came in a multitude, and al-jamāʾ al-ghafīr, and jamāʿan ghafīran, meaning gathered and numerous;

قال: والذي أنكر من الرواية صحيح، فإنه يقال جاؤوا الجم الغفير ثم حذف الألف واللام وأضاف من باب صلاة الأولى ومسجد الجامع،

He said: And what is denied in the narration is correct, for it is said 'they came 'al-jamm al-ghafīr' then the definite article was omitted and it was added in the pattern of 'ṣalāt al-ūlā' and 'masjid al-jāmiʿ',

قال: وأصل الكلمة من الجموم والجمة، وهو الاجتماع والكثرة، والغفير من الغفر وهو التغطية والستر، فجعلت الكلمتان في موضع الشمول والإحاطة،

He said: And the origin of the word is from al-jumūm and al-jammah, which is gathering and multitude, and al-ghafīr is from al-ghafar, which is covering and veiling, so the two words were placed in the position of encompassing and surrounding,

ولم تقل العرب الجماء إلا موصوفا، وهو منصوب على المصدر كطرا وقاطبة فإنها أسماء وضعت موضع المصدر.

And the Arabs did not use 'al-jamāʾ' except as described, and it is in the accusative case as a مصدر (verbal noun) like 'ṭarran' and 'qāṭibatan', for they are nouns placed in the position of a مصدر.

وأجم الأمر والفراق: دنا وحضر، لغة في أحم؛

And ajama the matter and separation: it approached and was present, a variant of 'aḥamma';

قال الأصمعي: ما كان معناه قد حان وقوعه فقد أجم، بالجيم، ولم يعرف أحم، بالحاء؛

Al-Asma'i said: Whatever means it is due to occur, it has ajama, with a jīm, and he did not know 'aḥamma', with a ḥā;

حييا ذلك الغزال الأحما، ... إن يكن ذاكما الفراق أجما

May that gazelle be alive and well, ... if that separation of yours has approached.

فإن قريشا مهلك من أطاعها، ... تنافس دنيا قد أجم انصرامها

Indeed, Quraysh is the destruction of whoever obeys them, ... competing for a world whose end has approached.

ولا يغني امرأ ولد أجمت منيته، ولا مال أثيل

And the son of one whose death has approached does not avail him, nor does abundant wealth.

وكنت إذا ما جئت يوما لحاجة، ... مضت وأجمت حاجة الغد لا تخلو

And I used to be, when I came to you one day for a need, ... it passed, and tomorrow's need approached, not being empty.

يقال: أجمت الحاجة إذا دنت وحانت

It is said: The need ajamat if it drew near and became due.

تجم إجماما.

tajammama tajmāman.

وجم قدوم فلان جموما أي دنا وحان.

And the arrival of so-and-so jamma jumūman, meaning it approached and became due.

والجم: ضرب من صدف البحر؛ قال ابن دريد: لا أعلم حقيقتها.

And al-jamm: a type of seashell; Ibn Duraid said: I do not know its reality.

والجمى، مقصور: الباقلى؛ حكاه أبو حنيفة.

And al-jamā, short form: broad beans; narrated by Abu Hanifa.

والجماء، بالفتح والمد والتشديد: موضع على ثلاثة أميال من المدينة تكرر ذكره في الحديث.

And Al-Jamāʾ, with fatha, madd, and shadda: a place three miles from Medina, repeatedly mentioned in the hadith.

والجمجمة: أن لا يبين كلامه من غير عي، وفي التهذيب: أن لا تبين كلامك من عي؛

And al-jumjumah: that his speech is not clear due to some impediment, and in Al-Tahdhib: that your speech is not clear due to some impediment;

وأنشد الليث: لعمري لقد طال ما جمجموا، ... فما أخروه وما قدموا

And Al-Layth recited: By my life, they have long mumbled, ... they neither delayed nor hastened.

وقيل: هو الكلام الذي لا يبين من غير أن يقيد بعي ولا غيره، والتجمجم مثله.

And it was said: It is speech that is not clear without being qualified by impediment or otherwise, and tajamjama is similar.

وجمجم في صدره شيئا: أخفاه ولم يبده؛

And he suppressed something in his chest: he hid it and did not reveal it;

وقال أبو الهيثم في قوله: إلى مطمئن البر لا يتجمجم «1». يقول: من أفضى قلبه إلى الإحسان المطمئن الذي لا شبهة فيه لم يتجمجم لم يشتبه عليه أمره فيتردد فيه، والبر: ضد الفجور.

And Abu Al-Haytham said about his saying: To the settled righteousness, without hesitation. He says: Whoever's heart has reached settled righteousness, which is free of doubt, his matter will not be unclear, so he will not hesitate in it, and righteousness is the opposite of immorality.

وجمجم الرجل وتجمجم إذا لم يبين كلامه.

And the man jamjama and tajamjama if his speech is not clear.

والجمجمة: عظم الرأس المشتمل على الدماغ.

And al-jumjumah: the bone of the head containing the brain.

ابن سيده: والجمجمة القحف، وقيل: العظم الذي فيه الدماغ، وجمعه جمجم.

Ibn Saydah: And al-jumjumah is the skullcap, and it was said: the bone that contains the brain, and its plural is jumjum.

ابن الأعرابي: عظام الرأس كلها جمجمة وأعلاها الهامة، وقال ابن شميل: الهامة هي الجمجمة جمعا، وقيل: القحف القطعة من الجمجمة، وشحمة الأذن خرق القرط أسفل الأذن أجمع، وهو ما لان من سفله.

Ibn al-A'rābī: All the bones of the head are jumjumah, and its highest part is al-hāmah. And Ibn Shumayl said: Al-hāmah is the jumjumah collectively. And it was said: Al-quḥf is a piece of the jumjumah, and the earlobe is the hole for the earring at the bottom of the entire ear, which is the soft part of its lower section.

والجمجمة رؤساء القوم.

And al-jumjumah means the leaders of the people.

وجماجم القوم: ساداتهم، وقيل: جماجمهم القبائل التي تجمع البطون وينسب إليها دونهم نحو كلب بن وبرة، إذا قلت كلبي استغنيت أن تنسب إلى شيء من بطونه، سموا بذلك تشبيها بذلك.

And the jumajim of the people: their leaders. And it was said: their jumajim are the tribes that gather the clans and are attributed to them rather than their sub-clans, like Kalb ibn Wabarah. If you say 'Kalbī', you are exempted from attributing yourself to any of its sub-clans, and they were named thus by analogy.

وفي التهذيب: وجماجم العرب رؤساؤهم، وكل بني أب لهم عز وشرف فهم جمجمة.

And in Al-Tahdhib: And the jumajim of the Arabs are their leaders, and every son of a father who has honor and nobility, they are a jumjumah.

والجمجمة: أربع قبائل، بين كل قبيلتين شأن.

And al-jumjumah: four tribes, with a specific relationship between every two tribes.

ابن بري: والجمجمة ستون من الإبل؛ عن ابن فارس.

Ibn Barrī: And al-jumjumah means sixty camels; from Ibn Fāris.

والجمجمة: ضرب من المكاييل.

And al-jumjumah: a type of measure.

وفي حديث عمرو بن أخطب أو عمر بن الخطاب: استسقى رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فأتيته بجمجمة فيها ماء وفيها شعرة فرفعتها وناولته، فنظر إلي وقال: اللهم جمله ؛

And in the hadith of Amr ibn Akhtab or Umar ibn Al-Khattab: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, asked for water, so I brought him a jumjumah containing water and a hair, so I lifted it and handed it to him. He looked at me and said: O Allah, make him beautiful;

قال القتيبي: الجمجمة قدح من خشب، والجمع الجماجم.

Al-Qutaybi said: Al-jumjumah is a wooden cup, and its plural is al-jamājim.

ودير الجماجم: موضع؛ قال أبو عبيدة: سمى دير الجماجم منه لأنه يعمل فيها الأقداح من خشب؛ قال أبو منصور: تسوى من الزجاج فيقال قحف وجمجمة؛ وبدير الجماجم كانت وقعة ابن الأشعث مع الحجاج بالعراق، وقيل: سمي دير الجماجم لأنه بني من جماجم القتلى لكثرة من قتل به.

And Dayr al-Jamājim: a place. Abu Ubaydah said: It was named Dayr al-Jamājim because cups are made there from wood. Abu Mansur said: It is made from glass and is called quḥf and jumjumah. And at Dayr al-Jamājim was the battle of Ibn al-Ash'ath with Al-Hajjaj in Iraq. And it was said: It was named Dayr al-Jamājim because it was built from the skulls of the slain due to the large number killed there.

وفي حديث طلحة بن مصرف: رأى رجلا يضحك فقال: إن هذا لم يشهد الجماجم ؛ يريد وقعة دير الجماجم أي أنه لو رأى كثرة من قتل به من قراء المسلمين وساداتهم لم يضحك، ويقال للسادات جماجم.

And in the hadith of Talhah ibn Musarrif: He saw a man laughing and said: This one did not witness Al-Jamājim; meaning the battle of Dayr al-Jamājim, implying that if he had seen the multitude of Muslim reciters and their leaders killed there, he would not have laughed. And leaders are called jumajim.

وفي حديث عمر: إيت الكوفة فإن بها جمجمة العرب أي ساداتها لأن الجمجمة الرأس وهو أشرف الأعضاء.

And in the hadith of Umar: Go to Kufa, for it contains the jumjumah of the Arabs, meaning its leaders, because the jumjumah is the head, and it is the noblest of organs.

والجماجم: موضع بين الدهناء ومتالع في ديار تميم.

And Al-Jamājim: a place between Al-Dahna and Matāliʿ in the territory of Tamim.

ويوم الجماجم: يوم من وقائع العرب في الإسلام معروف.

And Yawm al-Jamājim: a known day of Arab battles in Islam.

وفي حديث يحيى بن محمد: أنه لم يزل يرى الناس يجعلون الجماجم في الحرث ، هي الخشبة التي تكون في رأسها سكة الحرث.

And in the hadith of Yahya ibn Muhammad: He kept seeing people placing al-jamājim in the ploughing, which is the wooden piece at the head of the ploughshare.

والجمجمة: البئر تحفر في السبخة.

And al-jumjumah: a well dug in a marshy area.

والجمجمة: الإهلاك؛ عن كراع.

And al-jumjumah: destruction; from Kara'.

وجمجمه أهلكه؛ قال رؤبة: كم من عدى جمجمهم وجحجبا

And he jamjamahu, meaning he destroyed him; Ru'bah said: How many enemies did He destroy and make to stumble.