Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily describes old age, particularly in women, and also refers to certain animals. It encompasses terms for elderly women, stout or unpleasant women, and specific types of snakes and rabbits.

This root appears to describe something old, large, and possibly aged or worn out. It is primarily used to denote an old woman, emphasizing her advanced age and perhaps her physical stature.

This root appears to relate to concepts of thickness, coarseness, and the physical body, particularly in infants. It encompasses terms for a stout or thick person, a proper name, and descriptions of a child's belly and bones.

This root primarily relates to the act of manipulating or handling an object, often with the implication of taking or acquiring it. It also extends to describe a specific type of rough, hard ground.

This root appears to be related to a specific proper name, possibly a tribal or familial designation. The entry provides a kunya (patronymic) associated with this name, indicating a lineage or group.

This root primarily concerns actions related to scratching, rubbing, and grinding. It extends to meanings of scraping off, polishing, and the sound produced by friction. Figuratively, it can refer to the passage of time, physical condition, and acquisition.

This root describes something large, stout, or imposing, particularly in reference to men. It can denote a man of great stature or a man with broad sides, and also specifically refers to a thick or large beard.

This root primarily relates to actions of crushing, breaking, cleaning, and extracting. It also extends to descriptions of rough or coarse things, particularly in terrain and sound, and includes terms for specific food preparations and geographical locations.

This root appears to describe physical stature and appearance, encompassing terms for both tall and short individuals, as well as those who are unattractive, thin, or gaunt.

This root appears to relate to a gentle or light pressing or milking action, specifically using the fingertips. It also includes a proper noun derived from this root.

This root primarily relates to shaving, scraping, or removing hair, particularly from the head. It extends to concepts of barrenness, dryness, and intense heat, as well as subtle sounds, playful interactions, and a lack of receptiveness to advice.

This root primarily relates to the concept of drawing water from a well, the inclination or turning of people towards each other, and states of hardship, desire, or fear. It also touches upon proximity and the early morning hours.

This root primarily relates to the chest or breast, and also to portions of time, particularly the night. It can also refer to specific geographical locations and tribes, and in a derived sense, to something weakened or emaciated.

This root primarily concerns sudden emotional reactions, particularly fear and crying. It describes the act of being startled or frightened, often leading to weeping, and also relates to swift movement or urgency.

This root primarily describes the act of boiling, surging, or overflowing, often associated with liquids like water or cooking pots. It extends to the emotional state of the soul, indicating agitation, distress, or nausea. The root also encompasses terms related to military forces and specific geographical locations.

This root appears to describe someone who is spiteful, malicious, or harbors ill will. It focuses on the internal disposition of holding grudges and acting with animosity.

This root appears to describe a small or young camel, possibly with connotations of being somewhat rough or unkempt in appearance.

This root primarily refers to people of African origin, specifically Ethiopians, and the land of Ethiopia. It also extends to geographical locations, types of insects, and various historical figures, particularly narrators of hadith. The root can also denote collection or gathering.

This root describes smallness, shortness, and agility, often associated with young boys. It also encompasses concepts of sound, gathering, and striving.

This root primarily relates to the concept of gathering, assembling, and intense looking. It also extends to inciting or provoking activity and the act of provoking or inciting oneself.

This root appears to be related to a specific name or designation. The primary entry defines it as a noun, likely a proper name.

This root primarily describes something rough, coarse, or harsh, particularly in sound or texture. It is also used to refer to specific types of snakes and can be applied to describe an old woman or a coarse individual.

The root 'حرش' primarily relates to the act of catching prey, particularly lizards, through cunning or deception. It extends to meanings of scratching, sexual intercourse, and the creation of rough textures. The root also encompasses terms for various creatures, people, and abstract concepts like incitement and acquisition.

This root describes someone or something that is coarse, rough, and ill-tempered. It can refer to a person's rough nature, a swollen or angry disposition, or even a type of snake.

The root حش (ḥash) primarily relates to concepts of dryness, burning, and rapid movement. It extends to meanings of preparing or tending to something, and also encompasses terms for waste expulsion and dried vegetation.

The root الحفش primarily relates to concepts of peeling, extracting, gathering, and intense effort. It also encompasses ideas of confinement, smallness, and decay, particularly concerning dwellings and animal conditions.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of gathering, contracting, and twisting. It is used to describe a person who is aggressive or entangled with an opponent, and also appears in names of people and things.

This root primarily relates to anger, agitation, and intensity. It extends to concepts of hastening, inciting, and strengthening, particularly in the context of fire or conflict. It also describes physical attributes like slender legs and a thin gum.

The root حنبش primarily relates to lively, energetic, and playful movements, often associated with dancing, leaping, and clapping. It can also extend to general activity, speaking, laughing, and entertaining others through conversation.

This root primarily relates to small, creeping, or flying creatures, particularly insects and snakes. It extends to actions associated with them, such as hunting or being bitten, and also encompasses concepts of being driven, provoked, or actively seeking sustenance.

This root primarily refers to a large, formidable snake, often described as having a swollen head or being sluggish. It may also refer to a specific type of lizard.

The root حاش primarily relates to concepts of surrounding, gathering, and approaching, often with a sense of enclosing or cornering. It also extends to meanings of shyness, reverence, and familial ties, as well as specific agricultural and natural phenomena.

This root primarily deals with concepts of fear, fright, and sudden movement. It extends to meanings of shrinking back, hastening, and the stretching or extending of a valley. It also encompasses terms related to intense fear and individuals known for their fright.

This root primarily relates to the act of gathering, collecting, or picking up things, often in a scattered or haphazard manner. It also extends to terms for specific places, groups of people, and personal names, some of which may be derived from the core meaning.

This root appears to relate to sounds and movements, specifically the sound of locusts eating and the restless movements of a child.

This root appears to be primarily used as a proper noun, referring to specific individuals. Its semantic range beyond personal names is not evident from this entry.

This root primarily concerns the act of scratching, scraping, or tearing at a surface, often lightly. It extends to describe the resulting mark, and metaphorically to things that cause such damage or are associated with it, like insects or specific body parts.

This root primarily relates to the act of spoiling, damaging, or defacing something, particularly written material. It also encompasses terms for specific substances and physical attributes.

The root خرشه (kh-r-sh) primarily relates to scratching, scraping, and making marks. It extends to concepts of earning a living, pulling or dragging with a tool, and also includes specific terms for animal markings, bodily excretions, and descriptions of people or animals.

This root appears to describe a state of being mixed, confused, or disordered. It can refer to a person who is muddled or a thing that is jumbled.

This root primarily deals with the concept of scratching, tearing, or damaging something, often in a superficial or minor way. It can extend to the idea of spoiling or corrupting something, particularly written material.

This root primarily deals with concepts of insertion, entering, and things that are rough, coarse, or inferior. It extends to include specific objects like nose rings for camels, certain animals, plants like the poppy, and even geographical locations and personal names.

This root primarily concerns the bat, its physical characteristics like small eyes and poor vision, and various medicinal or magical uses attributed to its body parts. It also extends to describe smallness of eyes, poor eyesight, and related conditions in humans and animals, as well as actions like destroying or throwing.

The root خمش (kh-m-sh) primarily relates to scratching, striking, and wounding, particularly on the face. It also extends to concepts of minor injuries with undefined compensation and small water channels.

This root appears to relate to excessive movement or restlessness. It is primarily used to describe a person who is very active. The root also appears in the names of several historical figures.

This root primarily relates to remnants, leftovers, or a remaining portion, particularly concerning wealth or a group of camels. It also extends to describe a person, especially a woman, who retains some youthfulness.

This root primarily relates to the flank or side, and by extension, to concepts of deficiency, reduction, and departure from a standard. It also encompasses terms for household goods and specific locations.

This root primarily relates to coarse, rough, or loosely woven fabric, often made from flax or coarse fibers. It extends to describe things or people characterized by roughness, coarseness, or a lack of refinement, and also appears in place names and personal names.

This root primarily relates to the concept of covering, peeling, or consuming, often in the context of food or vegetation. It also extends to encompass household furnishings and miscellaneous belongings, possibly as things that 'cover' or fill a space.

This root appears to be very rare and primarily refers to a specific entity. It is associated with a tribal name among the jinn.