Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily relates to sounds of distress or exertion, particularly the gasping or sobbing of crying, and the braying of a donkey. It also extends to the concept of height and elevation, like tall mountains or buildings.

This root primarily describes elevated or difficult terrain, such as mountain peaks or narrow mountain passes. It also extends to specific geographical locations, animal parts, and types of creatures.

This root primarily deals with the concept of thinness, fineness, or delicacy, particularly in relation to materials and food. It describes something that is thin or delicate, extending to specific food items like thin bread.

This root primarily relates to terms of abuse and low social standing, specifically referring to a base or ignoble person. It also denotes a specific location and a group of people associated with it, as well as a type of opportunistic trader.

This root primarily denotes sudden, destructive phenomena, often associated with lightning, thunder, and divine punishment. It extends to concepts of overwhelming sound, incapacitation, and severe affliction, including death and intense torment.

This root appears to relate to specific types of food or confections, particularly a sweet dish resembling faloodah. It also encompasses a botanical term for a type of plant.

This root primarily deals with the concept of striking, hitting, or clapping, often with a sound. It extends to meanings of exchange, turning, closing, and movement, particularly in trade and physical actions. It also encompasses descriptions of terrain, animal parts, and character traits.

This root primarily relates to the concept of piercing, penetrating, or being sharp. It can also refer to a type of lizard or a nail.

This root primarily relates to making loud noises, striking, and intense heat. It also extends to concepts of eloquence, certain types of meat, and geographical locations.

This root primarily relates to things that have lost their desirable qualities, such as spoiled food or drink, or to a state of being closed off or shut in. It also extends to describe a person who is hungry, thirsty, or bewildered.

This root primarily refers to a box, chest, or container, often used for storage or safekeeping. It can also denote a treasury or a place where valuables are kept. The variations in pronunciation and spelling indicate different linguistic traditions or regionalisms.

This root primarily relates to concepts of firmness, solidity, and robustness, often applied to physical attributes like strength and size. It also extends to descriptions of strong scents, particularly underarm odor, and can denote a type of camel or a specific geographical location.

This root primarily relates to the concept of markets, trading, and the act of selling or moving goods. It also extends to meanings of being stained or covered, and includes specific geographical or descriptive terms.

This root appears to describe something loud, noisy, or boisterous, particularly referring to an old woman. It also extends to the concept of intense sound.

This root primarily relates to fine particles, dust, and airborne substances. It also extends to concepts of closeness, adherence, and sound, as well as specific biological or geographical terms.

This root primarily relates to the act of placing something, particularly something with a belly or a rounded form, onto a surface. It can also imply a forceful or sudden placement, or a state of being placed in such a manner.

This root primarily relates to the concept of making a sound, specifically a sharp or sudden noise. It can also extend to the idea of being constricted or narrow, though this is less common.

This root primarily concerns the concept of narrowness, constriction, and difficulty, both physically and metaphorically. It extends to encompass feelings of distress, financial hardship, and even stinginess.

This root primarily concerns the concept of covering, fitting, matching, and abundance. It extends to various objects that cover or fit together, groups of things, and periods of time. It also encompasses actions of covering, joining, and agreeing, as well as specific physical and metaphorical applications.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of creature, likely a nocturnal flying mammal.

This root primarily refers to a unit of measurement, specifically a dry measure, and also denotes a type of tax or levy, possibly of foreign origin.

This root primarily concerns the concept of continuation, persistence, and constancy in an action or state. It can also denote achieving or obtaining something, or a place becoming fixed or permanent.

This root primarily describes the sound of objects striking each other, particularly stones. It also extends to the sound of a frog jumping near water.

The root الطوق primarily relates to circular objects, adornments, and the concept of encompassing or encircling. It extends to notions of capacity, ability, and things that are round or form a circle, including specific geographical features and types of garments.

This root primarily describes the concept of rapid movement, specifically walking quickly. It encompasses the act of swift locomotion and the state of being fast in one's gait.

This root primarily relates to clinging, adhering, and lingering, often in the context of fragrance or a strong attachment. It can also describe someone who is cunning, a thief, or a specific type of thorny tree. Some derived terms refer to a specific person or a type of fat.

The root العتق (al-ʿutq) primarily relates to freedom, liberation, and emancipation, extending to concepts of nobility, excellence, and antiquity. It encompasses the state of being free, the act of freeing, and things that are old, venerable, or of high quality. The root also touches upon physical attributes like the shoulder and the prime of youth, as well as specific entities like the Kaaba and certain types of wine or dates.

This root primarily relates to concepts of abundance, fertility, and abundance in nature, particularly concerning plants and the earth. It also extends to the idea of intermingling or mixing, especially in the context of clouds.

This root appears to be related to a small creature or insect. The primary entry defines it as a 'small animal' or 'bug'.

This root primarily concerns the act of gathering or collecting, often with a sense of uncertainty or speculation. It also extends to actions involving reaching into something, like a well, and to specific tools or traps.

This root primarily relates to date palms and their fruit, but extends to concepts of attachment, marking, and specific qualities like eloquence or intelligence. It encompasses the palm tree itself, its fruit clusters, and metaphorical extensions to other things that are attached, marked, or possess desirable traits.

This root appears to describe a type of light, agile, or quick movement, particularly in walking. It also relates to a description of a young boy characterized by this lightness or quickness.

This root primarily relates to the action of splitting or breaking up the earth, often with a tool. It extends to concepts of sticking, hastening, holding back, and severity, as well as describing difficult or unpleasant characteristics in people and produce.

This root refers to a specific type of bitter tree used in traditional medicine for treating wounds. It is primarily a botanical and medicinal term.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sticking, adhering, or being persistent, often in a negative or stubborn sense. It also extends to meanings related to constriction, difficulty, and undesirable qualities in objects or substances.

This root appears to describe things that are swift, imposing, or have a striking appearance, often associated with wild animals like wolves and lions, or natural phenomena like mirages. It can also refer to physical attributes like a long neck or a deformed shape.

This root appears to describe completeness and beauty, particularly in a physical sense. It is used to denote something that is fully formed and aesthetically pleasing.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of plant, its properties, and the state of being green or verdant. It also touches upon related concepts like growth and the color of hair.

This root primarily concerns intense love, often to an obsessive degree. It can describe the lover's admiration, excessive affection, or even a blindness to the beloved's faults. The concept can manifest in both chaste and unchaste contexts, and is sometimes described as a self-induced mental illness.

This root describes something or someone that is tall but not bulky or heavy. It can also refer to beauty or a beautiful person.

This root pertains to the concepts of clamor, noise, and commotion. It describes a state of loud, confused, and often disruptive sound.

This root appears to be related to a specific type of perfume or incense, possibly a fragrant wood or resin. It is primarily used as a noun to denote this substance.

The root عفق (ʿafq) primarily relates to concepts of absence, disappearance, and returning. It extends to meanings of striking, gathering, restraining, and also includes specific terms for animal behavior, plants, and games.

This root primarily describes something wide, loose, or slack, often applied to a woman's private parts or a woman who is clumsy and speaks poorly. It can also denote foolishness.

This root primarily relates to the concept of splitting, cracking, or opening. It extends to meanings of flowing water, geological fissures, and even the act of slaughter or birth. It also encompasses specific items like gemstones, a type of bird, and a child's first hair.