Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root describes someone who is rough, coarse, and ill-mannered. It focuses on a harsh and unrefined disposition.

This root describes individuals characterized by negative traits related to eating, disposition, and intellect. It encompasses terms for gluttony, ill-temper, coarseness, and foolishness, often applied to older men.

This root primarily describes states of impatience, arrogance, and excessive talk or commotion. It also encompasses physical attributes like being large and actions related to striving or causing distress.

This root describes a manner of walking, specifically characterized by pride, arrogance, or heaviness. It encompasses the act of strutting or walking with a ponderous, weighed-down gait.

This root appears to describe a state of being intensely full, particularly with anger. It is related to the concept of being swollen or bloated due to strong emotion.

This root primarily relates to the act of intensely tightening or stretching something, particularly a bowstring. It conveys a sense of extreme tension and firmness.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of medicinal preparation derived from camel urine. It also refers to the substance itself and potentially related medicinal applications.

This root primarily concerns concepts of fortune, destiny, and a share or portion, particularly a favorable one. It extends to describe individuals who are fortunate and includes a specific type of gum resin.

This root primarily concerns the concept of guarding, protecting, and preserving something, whether physically, mentally, or spiritually. It extends to remembering, taking care of, and being vigilant. It also encompasses related concepts like anger, steadfastness, and straightness.

This root primarily relates to the act of pressing or squeezing something, often to extract its juice or essence. It can also refer to the resulting taste or sensation, particularly bitterness.

This root primarily describes a state of physical relaxation, languor, or weakness. It can refer to a person whose body has become slack or limp, often implying a lack of vigor or a feeling of being at ease to the point of being unenergetic.

This root appears to relate to the upper parts of mountains and, metaphorically, to aspects of hearing, speaking ill, and causing corruption or mischief.

This root primarily deals with the concept of filling or becoming full, often in a negative or intense sense. It extends to meanings of anger, irritation, and physical fullness or obesity.

This root appears to relate to concepts of pushing, repelling, or driving away. It encompasses the act of expelling something or someone forcefully.

This root primarily concerns the act of sexual intercourse, specifically the complete insertion of the penis into the vagina. It also extends to describe a person who is short and fleshy.

This root appears to describe something that is unpleasant, ill-mannered, or of bad character. It is also used to denote a specific action related to mentioning or describing something.

This root primarily concerns the concept of striking, pushing, or forcefully moving something, often with an emphasis on speed or intensity. It extends to describing rapid movement, forceful expulsion, and even characteristics of animals associated with such actions.

This root appears to describe something large and prominent, specifically a large canine tooth. It is a rare root with limited derived forms.

This root appears to describe something that is fleshy, robust, or well-built. It is related to the concept of being stout or corpulent, suggesting a physical attribute of fullness or thickness.

This root primarily relates to the physical structure of an arrow, specifically the socket where the arrowhead is inserted. It also extends to metaphorical uses concerning anger, forceful action, and the act of adjusting or securing something.

This root primarily concerns concepts of splitting, separating, and scattering. It also extends to meanings related to the end of the day, a specific type of knot or fastening, and a peculiar physical state of a young male.

This root primarily denotes earthenware or pottery, specifically referring to baked clay vessels. It encompasses the material and the finished product.

The root الشمظ primarily relates to concepts of prohibition, mixing, and taking things gradually. It also encompasses gentle but persistent urging and subtle communication.

This root primarily describes the upper parts or elevated sections of something, particularly a mountain. It also extends to describe negative character traits and a state of being well-built or fleshy.

This root primarily describes intense heat, fire, and flames, often with connotations of intensity or severity. It can also extend to abstract concepts like intense speech or abundance.

This root primarily describes a difficult, stubborn, or ill-tempered disposition in a person. It can also refer to a splinter or sharp fragment, particularly from a spear, and related verbal actions like quarreling or being stubborn.

This root primarily deals with concepts of sticking, adhering, and being firm, often in the context of conflict or hardship. It extends to meanings of trembling, retreating, ascending, and moving with difficulty, as well as enduring severe challenges.

This root primarily deals with concepts of restraint, overcoming, and difficulty. It extends to meanings of being held back, being overpowered, and facing obstacles. It also encompasses the idea of a difficult or arduous journey and the act of hindering someone.

This root primarily describes negative character traits such as wickedness, vulgarity, and mockery. It also extends to specific plants, a historical nickname, and a place name.

This root pertains to the intense boiling or bubbling of liquids, particularly water. It describes a state of extreme heat and vigorous agitation within the liquid.

This root primarily concerns the concept of coarseness, thickness, or harshness. It extends to physical attributes like rough ground and thick objects, as well as abstract qualities like rudeness in speech and enmity. It also has specific applications related to agricultural produce and legal matters.

This root primarily relates to hardship, distress, and difficulty. It also encompasses concepts of being on the verge of destruction and a specific type of date.

This root primarily concerns intense anger, its onset, and expressions of it. It encompasses the feeling of anger itself, the act of provoking anger in others, and the state of being angered. The root also touches upon the intense heat of midday as a metaphorical extension of this fiery emotion.

This root primarily describes harshness, roughness, and coarseness, extending to both disposition and speech. It also has a specific, less common meaning related to extracting and drinking the contents of an animal's stomach, particularly in arid conditions.

This root primarily denotes the concept of death or passing away. It is used to describe the state of being dead or the act of dying.

This root primarily relates to the act of vomiting or expelling something from the stomach. It also extends to the concept of death, signifying the expulsion of the soul.

This root primarily relates to the leaves or fruit of the acacia tree, used for tanning and dyeing. It extends to the act of harvesting, selling, and processing these materials, as well as to people and places associated with them. Figuratively, it encompasses praise, especially when given during a person's lifetime.

This root appears to describe a state of difficulty or hardship, specifically when something becomes arduous or burdensome for someone.

This root relates to the concept of intense heat, specifically the peak of summer. It is closely associated with the Arabic word for summer heat.

This root primarily concerns the peak of summer, its heat, and the period associated with it. It also extends to concepts of enduring or residing in a place during this hot season, and related flora and personal names.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fullness, particularly in the stomach due to overeating, leading to a feeling of being overwhelmed or unable to move. It extends to the idea of being burdened by tasks or difficulties, and metaphorically to the swelling or blockage of a watercourse.

This root pertains to the concept of shortness, specifically referring to a short man. It describes a physical attribute of being small in stature.

This root pertains to a specific manner of walking, characterized by a certain gait or stride. It is associated with a particular type of person or animal exhibiting this walk.

This root describes reaching a point of extreme difficulty, distress, or fullness. It conveys a sense of being overwhelmed or reaching the limit of one's capacity.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of obscurity, concealment, and driving away. It also encompasses meanings of harshness and intensity in dealings.

This root primarily concerns the act of looking, particularly with the side of the eye, and implies a more intense or focused gaze. It also extends to describe physical features related to the eye, and metaphorically to things that are similar or resemble something else.

This root primarily describes concepts related to stubbornness, persistence, and intense heat. It also encompasses meanings of pursuit, movement, and messages.