Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)

This root pertains to inciting or instigating discord and conflict among people. It describes the act of provoking quarrels and stirring up trouble.

This root appears to relate to the concept of taking or possessing something entirely, encompassing its entirety. It also touches upon linguistic discussions regarding the origin of certain letters within derived words.

The root 'zbrj' primarily relates to adornment, decoration, and embellishment. It extends to encompass various forms of beauty, including precious stones, fine fabrics, and even the deceptive allure of worldly possessions. The root also describes certain types of clouds, particularly those with color or fine texture.

This root primarily relates to the sounds and commotion of horses. It also has a less common association with the act of thrusting with a spear and a specific term for wine.

This root refers to a specific geographical location, a well-known district or city. It is primarily used in classical Arabic poetry to denote this place.

The root زعج (z-'-j) primarily relates to causing disturbance, agitation, or unease. It encompasses concepts of unsettling someone, making them restless, or dislodging them from a place. The derived terms often describe a state of being disturbed or a person who causes such disturbance.

The root 'زعبج' appears to be related to descriptions of clouds and possibly olives. It is primarily used to describe a type of white, thin cloud.

This root appears to relate to negative character traits, specifically bad temper and ill-mannered behavior. It describes a disposition characterized by unpleasantness and a lack of good conduct.

This root primarily concerns a specific type of wild olive fruit, its characteristics, and its preparation. It describes the fruit's appearance, taste, and how its juice can be processed into a syrup.

This root primarily denotes smooth, swift, or easy movement, often implying sliding or gliding. It extends to concepts of speed in travel, the ease of something slipping, and by extension, things that are smooth or slippery.

This root primarily relates to filling containers, entering uninvited, and anger. It also describes a type of bird, a physical characteristic of being light-footed, and the act of instigating conflict.

This root primarily concerns the Zanj people, a group of Black Africans, and related terms. It also extends to meanings of intense thirst, a specific physical sensation associated with thirst, and metaphorical uses related to approach or appearance.

This root appears to be related to sounds, specifically the sounds of jinn. It is used to describe a type of sound or utterance associated with them.

This root appears to relate to the concept of speaking or narrating, particularly in a way that is clear, eloquent, or perhaps even embellished. It encompasses the act of telling a story or conveying information.

This root appears to relate to the act of speaking or narrating, particularly in a detailed or perhaps forceful manner. It encompasses the transmission of speech and potentially the manner in which it is delivered.

The root 'زوج' primarily relates to pairing, coupling, and duality. It encompasses concepts of two things being together, whether as a pair, a couple (male and female), or simply two items. It also extends to the idea of kinds, types, or species, and the act of marrying or being married.

This root primarily concerns a type of thread or string used in construction, possibly of Persian origin. It also relates to astronomical tables or ephemerides.

This root primarily concerns types of garments, particularly those worn by women or for specific purposes. It also extends to describe black beads and a specific group of people from Sindh and India, possibly mercenaries or guards.

This root appears to be related to the concept of obscuring or making something unclear. It is used to describe the act of confusing or misleading someone regarding a matter.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of garment or covering, possibly made from fox fur, and also to a greenish color.

This root pertains to a tool used in weaving, specifically for winding yarn or thread. It is described as a device used by the people of Iraq for this purpose, with alternative names also provided.

This root primarily relates to the concept of something being thin, smooth, or diluted. It extends to actions like throwing something lightly, a relaxed state of the stomach, or a bird expelling waste. It also covers the act of plastering or smoothing surfaces and describes moderate conditions like balanced weather or diluted liquids.

The root سحج (s-h-j) primarily denotes the act of scraping, scratching, or abrading something, often to the point of peeling off a thin layer. This can apply to physical objects like walls or skin, as well as abstract concepts like promises or the ground.

This root primarily concerns falsehood, lying, and fabricating stories. It also extends to the idea of suspecting or assuming something to be true.

This root primarily deals with the concept of being simple, naive, or lacking in depth or conclusiveness. It is often applied to arguments or reasoning that are not strong or definitive, and can also refer to a general lack of sophistication or maturity.

This root primarily concerns the saddle used for riding animals, its components, and the act of saddling. It extends metaphorically to light, illumination, and adornment, as well as to deception and good character.

This root appears to relate to vastness, emptiness, and perhaps a sense of being lost or wandering in such spaces. It is primarily used in classical contexts to describe desolate and expansive terrains.

This root appears to relate to the concept of something being well-made, finely crafted, or of excellent quality. It is often associated with clothing, particularly fine garments, and by extension, can refer to something being pleasing or beautiful.

This root appears to be related to the plant 'saffron' and its properties, particularly its color and fragrance. It also extends to terms for dyeing and coloring with saffron.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being well-equipped, adorned, or prepared, often in the context of riding or warfare. It extends to notions of being ready, complete, and in good condition.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a bill of exchange or a financial draft, particularly in historical commercial contexts. It also extends to the act of drawing or issuing such a document and its associated financial transactions.

This root appears to be related to the concept of falsehood or lying. It is primarily defined by a single meaning attributed to it.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of white lead or pigment, known as 'isfidaj'. It also encompasses related concepts like the process of making or using this substance, and its appearance.

This root primarily relates to the concept of something being low, inferior, or base. It also extends to meanings of being humble, submissive, or even cowardly. Some derivatives touch upon the idea of being insignificant or of little value.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being long or tall. It is not a very common root in classical Arabic, and its derived forms are scarce.

This root primarily describes speed, swiftness, and quickness, often applied to animals like ostriches or in the context of rapid movement or action. It can also refer to tallness and, in a specific context, to the act of giving birth.

This root pertains to a small vessel or dish, specifically one used for eating small portions of food, often with condiments. It is of Persian origin and is mentioned in classical Arabic literature.

This root appears to be related to specific types of trees, particularly tall ones.

This root appears to relate to sharp or pointed objects, specifically the edges of blades.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being tall or long. The primary derived word directly defines this characteristic.

This root primarily describes something long, particularly in reference to animals like donkeys and horses. It can also denote a stout or well-built physique, and in a figurative sense, length or extent.

This root primarily relates to the extraction of taxes or tribute, particularly on specific days. It also extends to the concept of a level or even piece of land.

This root appears to describe a quality of milk, specifically its richness and sweetness. The derived terms relate to milk that is both fatty and pleasant in taste.

This root primarily relates to intensity, firmness, and sometimes unpleasantness or ease, applied to actions like twisting, oaths, speech, and descriptions of liquids, land, and wind. It also encompasses terms for specific places and types of camel milk.

This root primarily relates to the concept of soot or residue from smoke, and also refers to a specific part of a scale or balance.

This root primarily relates to continuous, intense movement, whether of travel, wind, or action. It also extends to the act of grinding or crushing, and metaphorically to a path or passage.