Lisan al-Arab (Ibn Manzur, d. 711H)
9,667 root entries translated · page 119 of 194
- ظلف31 lemmaslisan_005642
The root ظلف primarily relates to the hoof or claw of cloven-footed animals. It extends metaphorically to concepts of firmness, harshness, and restriction, particularly in relation to the land and difficult living conditions.
الظَّلْف — hoof, clawأَظْلاف — hooves, clawsظَلُوف ظَلِف — strong, firmظَلَفَ — to strike the hoofظَلَفْتُهُ — to strike its hoof - ظفف6 lemmaslisan_005643
This root primarily relates to the concept of binding, gathering, and tightening, particularly applied to animal limbs or water sources. It also extends to meanings of being crowded, restricted, or closely positioned.
ظَفَّرَ — to bind tightlyأَظُفُّهَا — to bind them tightlyظَفًا — to bind tightlyمَاءٌ مَضْفُوفٌ — crowded waterمَاءٌ مَظْفُوفٌ — crowded water - ظوف2 lemmaslisan_005644
This root appears to relate to the hair or wool around the neck, specifically the nape. It describes the entirety of this hair or its flowing strands.
ظوف — nape hairظاف — nape hair - عتف5 lemmaslisan_005645
This root appears to relate to the concept of a portion or piece, particularly of the night. It also has a less common association with pulling or plucking.
العَتُوف — pluckingعَتَفَ — to pluckعَتْف — pluckingعُتُوف — portion of the nightعَتْفٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ — part of the night - عترف8 lemmaslisan_005646
This root primarily describes negative character traits such as wickedness, treachery, and injustice. It also extends to describe something strong or intense, and has specific applications to a rooster and a type of plant.
العَتْرِيف — wicked, treacherousعَتْرُوف — wicked, treacherousعَتْرِيفَة — strong, sturdyالعَتْرَفَان — roosterالعَتْرَف — rooster - عجف0 lemmaslisan_005647
- عجرف15 lemmaslisan_005648
This root primarily describes roughness, harshness, and impetuosity, particularly in speech and action. It extends to describe a fast, uncoordinated gait in animals, and by extension, the harsh events or adversities of life. It can also denote arrogance or haughtiness.
العَجْرَفَة — Harshness in speechالعَجْرَفِيَّة — Harshness in speechعَجْرَفِيّ — Impetuous (animal)عَجْرَفِيَّة — Harshness/Clumsinessعَجْرَف — To be impetuous - عدف21 lemmaslisan_005649
The root 'عدف' primarily relates to eating and tasting, encompassing the act of consuming food and the small amounts tasted. It also extends to meanings of a portion or piece of something, such as cloth, money, or time, and metaphorically to the origin or root of a plant. Additionally, it can refer to eye irritants and a group or gathering.
عَدَفَ — to eatعَدْفًا — eatingالعَدُوف — a tasteعَدُوفًا — a tasteعَدَافًا — a taste - عذف8 lemmaslisan_005650
This root primarily relates to obtaining or consuming something, often in small amounts. It can also refer to silence, bitterness, or a specific type of poison.
عَذَفَ — to obtain a littleعَذْفًا — obtaining a littleالعَذُوف — what was obtainedالعَذَاف — what was obtainedعَذَفَ نَفْسَهُ — to restrain oneself - عرف0 lemmaslisan_005651_part_1
- عرف10 lemmaslisan_005651_part_2
This root primarily concerns knowledge, recognition, and familiarity. It extends to concepts of scent, fragrance, and good deeds, often implying a positive or pleasant association. The root also touches upon the idea of making something known or familiar.
مَعْرُوف — good deedعَرَفَ — to knowعُرْف — scentتَعْرِيف — making knownمَعْرِفَة — knowledge - عنه21 lemmaslisan_005652
This root primarily concerns the concept of knowing, recognizing, and being familiar with something or someone. It extends to physical attributes like manes and crests, elevated or prominent features, and specific geographical locations, particularly Mount Arafat.
عَرَفَ — to knowعُرْف — maneأَعْرَاف — manesمَعْرِفَة — knowledgeأَعْرَفَ — to have a long mane - عرصف8 lemmaslisan_005653
This root primarily relates to parts of a camel saddle (howdah/رحل) and related straps or wooden components. It also extends to meanings of pulling or drawing, and a type of whip.
العَرصَاف — Rectangular heel boneعَرَصَفَ — To pullالعَرَاصِيف — Parts of a saddleعُرْصُوف — Part of a saddleعُرْصُوفه — Wooden piece of saddle - عزف16 lemmaslisan_005654
The root 'عزف' primarily relates to sounds, particularly musical or percussive ones, and by extension, to playing musical instruments. It also extends to the idea of turning away from something, disliking it, or being indifferent to it, often due to a lack of desire.
عَزَفَ — to play musicعَزْف — playing musicمَعَازِف — musical instrumentsمِعْزَف — musical instrumentمِعْزَفَة — musical instrument - عسف18 lemmaslisan_005655
This root primarily concerns the concept of deviating from a proper course, whether literally in travel or figuratively in conduct. It extends to notions of injustice, oppression, and acting without guidance or proper planning. It also encompasses terms related to hired laborers and a specific ailment in camels.
عَسَفَ — to travel without guidanceالعَسْفُ — unguided travelالتَّعَسُّفُ — oppressionاعْتِسَافٌ — unguided travelعَسُوفٌ — oppressive - عسقف2 lemmaslisan_005656
This root pertains to the act of crying or refraining from crying, specifically focusing on the inability to shed tears or the cessation of weeping. It describes a state of emotional dryness or a physical inability to cry.
العَسْقَفَة — Cessation of cryingعَسْقَفَ — To cease crying - عشف4 lemmaslisan_005657
This root primarily relates to aversion, dislike, and rejection, often stemming from something being dry, unpalatable, or offensive. It can describe a dry tree, an animal refusing food, or a person's strong disapproval of something.
عَشُوف — dryمِعْشَف — refusing foodأَعْشَفَ — to refuseيَعْشِفُ — to dislike - عصف25 lemmaslisan_005658
The root عصف (ʿaṣafa) primarily relates to the dry, brittle parts of plants, such as straw or chaff, and by extension, things that are dry and withered. It also extends to meanings of rapid movement, destruction, and earning a livelihood.
العصف — Dry plant stalks/leavesالعصفة — Dry plant matterالعصيفة — Dry plant matterالعصافة — Chaff, strawعصف — To cut off dry parts - عطف0 lemmaslisan_005659
- عفف24 lemmaslisan_005660
This root primarily concerns the concept of restraint, chastity, and abstaining from what is unlawful or unbecoming. It extends to self-control, particularly in sexual matters, and also encompasses notions of purity, integrity, and modest living, especially when facing poverty. Metaphorically, it can refer to the remaining milk in an animal's udder.
العِفَّة — Chastityعَفَّ — To abstainيَعِفُّ — To abstain (present)عِفَّة — Abstinenceعَفِيف — Chaste - عقف15 lemmaslisan_005661
The root عقف (ʿqf) primarily relates to bending, curving, and twisting, often implying a hook-like or crooked shape. It extends to describe physical deformities, specific plant and animal characteristics, and even abstract concepts like poverty or a type of disease.
عَقَفَ — to bend, to curveعَقْف — bending, curvingعَقْفَة — a hook, a crookعَقِيفَة — a hook, a crookأَعْقَف — bent, crooked - عكف16 lemmaslisan_005662
The root عكف primarily denotes the concept of adhering to something, staying in a place, or being occupied with an activity. It encompasses notions of persistence, dedication, and confinement, whether voluntary or involuntary.
عَكَفَ عَلَى الشَّيْءِ — to devote oneself toعَكْفًا — devotionعُكُوفًا — devotionعَاكِف — devotedقَوْمٌ عُكُفٌ — devoted people - علف26 lemmaslisan_005663
The root 'alafa' (علف) primarily concerns fodder or food for animals, and the act of feeding them. It extends to the place where fodder is kept, the act of seeking fodder, and also describes animals that are fattened on fodder rather than grazing. Figuratively, it can refer to abundant eating or drinking, and certain plants or fruits.
العَلَف — Fodder, animal feedعَلَفَ — To feed (an animal)عَلَفَها — To feed it (feminine)عَلَفَها يعلفها — To feed it, it feedsعَلَفاً — Feeding (masdar) - علهف1 lemmalisan_005664
This root appears to relate to the early stages of a plant's growth, specifically a young palm shoot. It describes a stage before it has fully matured or developed.
المُعَلَّهَفَة — Young palm shoot - عنف33 lemmaslisan_005665
This root primarily concerns harshness, roughness, and lack of gentleness in actions and disposition. It extends to concepts of difficulty, hardship, and forceful or ignorant handling of matters. It also encompasses the beginning or prime of something, particularly youth and new growth.
العنف — Harshness, roughnessعنف به وعليه — To be harsh withعنف — Harshnessعنافة — Harshnessأعنفه — To treat harshly - عنجف2 lemmaslisan_005666
This root describes a state of being dry, withered, or emaciated, often due to weakness or illness. It can also refer to a person who is short and compactly built, sometimes used to describe an elderly woman.
العَنْجَف — Withered oneالعَنْجُوف — Emaciated one - عوف16 lemmaslisan_005667
The root عوف primarily relates to concepts of visiting, guesting, and the male organ. It extends to encompass states of being, conditions (especially negative ones), and the effort of providing for one's family. It also denotes various animals, plants, and geographical features, and is used in personal names.
العَوْف — Guestعَوَّفَ — To hunt at nightتَعَوَّفَ — To seek prey at nightعَوَّافَة — What is caught at nightالعَوَّاف — What is caught at night - عيف23 lemmaslisan_005668
This root primarily concerns the semantic field of aversion, dislike, and rejection, particularly related to food and drink. It extends to concepts of hesitation, circling around something without committing, and by extension, to divination and foretelling based on observation and instinct.
عَافَ يَعَافُ — to dislike, to hateعَيِفٌ — disliking, hatingعَيُوفٌ — disliking, averseعَيْفَانٌ — disliking, averseعِيَافَةٌ — dislike, aversion - غترف4 lemmaslisan_005669
This root primarily relates to arrogance, haughtiness, and pride. It describes a state of being conceited or boastful, often in a negative or reprehensible manner.
التَغْتَرِفُ — arroganceالتَغَطْرُفُ — arroganceالمُتَغَطْرِفُ — arrogantالمُتَغَطْرِفُ — arrogant - غدف11 lemmaslisan_005670
The root غدف primarily relates to covering, extending, and abundance, often associated with darkness, length, and fullness. It extends to concepts of covering with a veil or curtain, the arrival of night, and also to abundance in provisions and wealth. It also has specific nautical and surgical applications.
الغُدَاف — Ravenغُدَاف — Abundant and blackغَدَافِيّ — Extremely blackاغْدَوْدَفَ — To approach and extendأَغْدَفَ — To extend veils of darkness - غذف2 lemmaslisan_005671
This root appears to be a variant or a misspelling of another root, 'عذ ف', related to aversion or dislike. The entry itself is very brief and primarily discusses this variation.
الغذوف — Aversion, dislikeالعذوف — Aversion, dislike - غذرف2 lemmaslisan_005672
This root appears to be related to the concept of swearing or making an oath. The primary derived form discussed is a noun representing an oath.
التغذرف — oathحلف — to swear - غرف0 lemmaslisan_005673
- غرضف6 lemmaslisan_005674
This root primarily describes soft, flexible cartilage or bone-like structures in the body. It also extends to describe parts of a horse's anatomy and the flexible part of the nose.
الغَرَضُوف — soft cartilageالغَضْرُوف — cartilageالغَرَضُوفَان — shoulder extremitiesغَرَضُوف الأَنْف — flexible nose cartilageمَارِن الأَنْف — nasal cartilage - غرنف3 lemmaslisan_005675
This root appears to be related to specific types of plants, particularly jasmine, and potentially to a flowing or watery environment.
الغُرُنْف — Jasmineغُرُنْف — Flowing waterغُرَيْف — Flowing water - غسف3 lemmaslisan_005676
This root primarily concerns the concept of darkness, obscurity, and the encroaching of night. It also extends to the idea of covering or enveloping, often in a negative or concealing manner.
الغَسْف — darknessغاسِف — darkeningانْغَسَفَ — to become dark - غضف28 lemmaslisan_005677
This root primarily relates to breaking, bending, or drooping, often with a sense of yielding or relaxation. It extends to descriptions of physical attributes like long, drooping ears or eyelids, and also to states of abundance, ease, and darkness.
غَضَفَ — to breakيَغْضِفُهُ — to break itاِنْغَضَفَ — to be brokenتَغَضَّفَ — to bend and breakتَغَضَّفَ عَلَيْهِ — to incline towards him - غضرف6 lemmaslisan_005678
This root primarily describes soft, pliable cartilage or bone. It extends to describe a stout or corpulent woman, possibly due to the association of softness or fullness.
الغُضْرُوف — cartilageالغَرَضُوف — cartilage (variant)غَنِضْرَف — corpulent womanغَنِضْفِير — corpulent woman (variant)خَنِضْرَف — corpulent woman (variant) - غطف8 lemmaslisan_005679
This root primarily relates to the appearance and characteristics of eyelashes and eyebrows, specifically their abundance, length, and curvature. It also extends to concepts of abundance in life and prosperity, and is used as a proper noun for individuals and tribes.
غَطَفَ — to have abundant and long eyelashesغَطْفٌ — abundance of eyelashesأَغْطَفُ — having abundant eyelashesغُطَيْفٌ — a male given nameبَنُو غُطَيْفٍ — a family or tribe - غطرف13 lemmaslisan_005680
This root primarily describes a person of high status, nobility, generosity, and good character. It also extends to descriptions of beauty, youth, and pride, as well as specific terms for a type of falcon and its young.
الغطريف — Lord, nobleالغطارف — Lords, noblesالغطاريف — Lords, noblesالغطراف — Falconتغطرف — To be arrogant - غفف7 lemmaslisan_005681
The root غفف primarily relates to a small amount, sufficiency, or a meager portion of sustenance, food, or provisions. It extends to concepts of taking a little, a remnant, or a quick snatch of something, particularly food or herbage.
الغُفَّة — Sufficiency of livingغُفَّة — Small amount of spring pastureاغتفَّت — To obtain a littleاغتِفَاف — Eating fodderتَغَفَّفَ — To obtain a little - غلف21 lemmaslisan_005682
The root غلف (gh-l-f) primarily relates to covering, sheathing, or enclosing something. It extends to concepts of being covered, uncircumcised, or metaphorically 'sealed' and uncomprehending. It also encompasses meanings related to abundance, lushness, and applying substances like perfume.
الغِلَاف — Sheath, cover, casingغَلَّفَ — To sheathe, coverأَغْلَفَ — To make a casingغُلْف — Covered heartsأَغْلَف — Covered, sealed - غنف6 lemmaslisan_005683
This root appears to relate to water, specifically its flow or abundance, and potentially a corrupted form of a word meaning 'abundance of water'. It also touches upon the idea of weakness.
الغينف — water flowغينف — corruptionغيث — abundance of waterنغرف — to draw waterنوزي — to weaken - غنضف4 lemmaslisan_005684
This root appears to be related to the concept of being plump, full, or abundant, often in a positive or desirable way. It can describe physical fullness, wealth, or a generous quantity.
غَنِضَفَ — to be plump, fullغَنِضَافَة — plumpness, fullnessغَنِضِفٌ — plump, fullغَنِضْفَة — plumpness, abundance - غنطف3 lemmaslisan_005685
This root appears to be related to the concept of being full, abundant, or overflowing, particularly in the context of liquids or sustenance. It also carries connotations of generosity and ample provision.
غَنَطَفَ — to overflowغُنْطُفَة — abundanceمُغَنطِف — abundant - غيف9 lemmaslisan_005686
This root primarily describes movement characterized by swaying, bending, or a graceful, sometimes ostentatious, gait. It extends to the bending of trees and, metaphorically, to cowardice or deceit in battle.
تَغَيَّفَ — to strutالغَيْفَان — prancing gaitأَغَافَ — to make a tree bendغَيْفَاء — swaying (tree)أَغْيَف — swaying, bending - فلسف3 lemmaslisan_005687
This root pertains to philosophy, wisdom, and the act of philosophizing. It encompasses the concepts of wisdom itself, the philosopher, and the process of engaging in philosophical thought.
فَلْسَفَة — Philosophyفَيْلَسُوف — Philosopherتَفَلْسَفَ — To philosophize - فوف8 lemmaslisan_005688
This root primarily relates to whiteness, particularly in fingernails and seeds, and extends to fine, light, or white fabrics, and also signifies something insignificant or worthless.
الفُوف — whiteness on nailsفُوفَة — part of whitenessمُفَوَّف — thin and whiteأفْوَاف — fine cottonفَوَّفَ — to be insignificant - فولف7 lemmaslisan_005689
This root primarily describes the concept of covering, enveloping, or surrounding something. It extends to things that are densely packed or intertwined, and also to specific items used for covering or packing.
فُولِف — coveringفُولِف — coveringفُولِف — garment for coveringفُولِف — thin clothقَوْقَل — partridge - فيف12 lemmaslisan_005690
This root primarily denotes vast, desolate, and often flat or open desert expanses, particularly those lacking water. It can also refer to specific locations known for wind or as routes between mountains.
الفِيف — desert expanseالفِيفَاة — desert expanseأفْيَاف — desert expansesفُيُوف — desert expansesالفِيفَى — desert expanse