Mukhtarus al-Sihah (Al-Razi, d. 666H)

The root خرب (kharaba) primarily relates to concepts of damage, destruction, and emptiness. It extends to describe physical defects like holes or cracks, and metaphorically, it can refer to thievery and a state of ruin.

This root describes something slender, delicate, and graceful, often applied to young females, branches, or animals. It conveys a sense of fine bone structure, suppleness, and elegant form.

This root primarily relates to a state of swelling or tenderness, particularly concerning animal udders and meat. It also extends to a sense of rapid cutting.

The root خشب (kh-sh-b) primarily relates to hardness, roughness, and coarseness, often applied to physical objects like wood, mountains, and swords. It can also extend to abstract qualities like unpleasantness or a lack of refinement, and in some contexts, to mixing or blending.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fertility, abundance, and richness, particularly in relation to land and produce. It contrasts with barrenness and describes a state of plentifulness and prosperity.

This root primarily concerns the act of dyeing or coloring, especially hair and hands, often with henna. It extends to descriptions of things that are colored, and metaphorically to the appearance of certain natural phenomena or animals.

This root primarily concerns the act of seeking to marry someone, delivering a speech or sermon, and matters related to a significant affair or issue. It also extends to specific animal names and a political/religious sect.

This root primarily concerns deception, trickery, and falsehood, often through speech or appearance. It extends to things that are deceptive in nature, like lightning without rain, or to qualities associated with deception, such as being cunning or deceitful. It also encompasses some unrelated meanings like a part of the body, a type of plant fiber, and a tool.

This root primarily relates to weakness, particularly in the legs, and by extension, to being tall or elongated. It also describes specific anatomical features around the nose.

This root primarily deals with concepts of barrenness, scarcity, and misfortune, particularly related to land and sustenance. It encompasses ideas of unproductive land, famine, and dire need.

This root primarily concerns the concept of failure, disappointment, and not achieving one's goals. It extends to the idea of causing disappointment or leading someone to failure, and also encompasses notions of futility and falsehood.

This root primarily concerns the concept of continuous effort, diligence, and perseverance in an action. It extends to the idea of habit, custom, and the passage of time.

This root primarily concerns slow, creeping, or dragging movement, often associated with small creatures or the elderly. It extends to concepts of gradual progression, a slow pace, and even the physical attributes of animals and terrain.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of habituation, familiarity, and skill acquired through practice or experience. It extends to boldness, especially in warfare, and the act of training or accustoming someone or something to a task.

This root primarily relates to the concept of jesting, joking, and lighthearted interaction. It also extends to describe a well-trodden path and, metaphorically, a weak or feeble person.

This root primarily relates to a specific type of tree, the linden or plane tree. It also extends to describe land characterized by this tree and a cabinet or cupboard, though the latter is noted as a Persian loanword.

This root primarily relates to the concept of being short, stubby, or truncated, often referring to physical attributes like a tail or stature. It can also extend to meanings of following or being appended.

This root primarily concerns the wolf (ذئب) and its characteristics, such as cunning and ferocity. It extends to describe people exhibiting these traits, as well as specific physical features on animals and objects, and actions related to driving or herding.

The root ذبب primarily relates to concepts of warding off, repelling, and preventing. It extends to meanings of intense effort, speed, and exhaustion, particularly in travel. The root also encompasses terms for insects, specific body parts, and abstract concepts like remnants or hesitation.

The root ذرب (dh-r-b) primarily relates to sharpness, keenness, and intensity, extending to both physical objects and abstract qualities like speech and character. It also encompasses notions of corruption, stubbornness, and intractable problems.

This root primarily relates to swiftness, speed, and rapid movement, often with an implication of stealth or suddenness. It also extends to describe pieces of torn cloth or scraps, possibly due to their fluttering or rapid movement in the wind.

The root ذنب (dhnb) primarily relates to the concept of a tail, extending to things that trail behind, follow, or are at the end of something. It also encompasses notions of sin, consequence, and a portion or share.

This root primarily concerns the concept of melting, liquefying, or dissolving, contrasting with solidification. It extends to intense heat, the collection of honey, and specific preparations of dairy products. Figuratively, it can denote raiding or establishing a right.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'going' or 'departing'. It also extends to the precious metal gold, its applications in decoration, and related measurements or qualities.

This root primarily concerns the concept of mending, joining, or reconciling things that are broken or separated. It extends to repairing objects, settling disputes, and restoring harmony.

This root primarily concerns concepts of position, rank, stability, and firmness. It extends to ideas of elevation, hardship, and specific measurements or land features.

The root رجب primarily relates to reverence, veneration, and awe. It extends to concepts of honoring, respecting, and giving great importance to something or someone. This can also manifest in physical support or protection.

The root 'رحب' primarily denotes spaciousness, wideness, and abundance. It extends to concepts of hospitality, generosity, and even physical dimensions like the breadth of a place or the expanse of land. It can also refer to specific anatomical parts or a type of camel marking.

This root primarily relates to large measures and building materials. It encompasses a specific large unit of volume used in Egypt and also refers to large bricks or tiles used in construction.

This root primarily relates to concepts of size, measurement, and tools for construction or destruction. It encompasses terms for large or small vessels, measuring instruments, and implements used for breaking or striking.

The root رسب primarily denotes the concept of sinking, settling, or descending. It extends to describe things that have gone down in water, eyes that have become sunken, and a sword that cuts deeply. It also appears in tribal names.

This root appears to relate to moisture, specifically saliva or dew, and also to a type of plant and a specific type of rain.

This root primarily concerns the state of being moist, fresh, or not dry. It extends to describe fresh vegetation, particularly fodder and dates, and the act of feeding others with such fresh food. It can also denote softness or tenderness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, terror, and intense fright. It extends to related ideas of being filled or overflowing, particularly with fat or liquid, and also includes terms for weakness and cowardice.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of desire, longing, and aspiration, often in the context of wanting something. It also extends to the opposite meaning of disinterest or aversion, and can describe characteristics related to greed or abundance.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of watching, guarding, waiting, and observing. It extends to related ideas like anticipation, vigilance, and the neck region, as well as specific terms for positions, celestial bodies, and social roles.

This root primarily concerns the act of mounting or riding, whether on animals, vehicles, or even metaphorically. It extends to the things that are ridden, the people who ride, and the physical act of mounting. It also encompasses related concepts like joints and origins.

This root primarily relates to the animal 'rabbit' or 'hare' and its characteristics. It extends to describe things made with rabbit fur and, metaphorically, the tip of the nose.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fear, apprehension, and awe. It extends to related ideas such as intimidation, religious devotion, and even physical descriptions of animals and anatomy.

This root primarily concerns doubt, suspicion, and uncertainty. It extends to encompass things that cause unease or distrust, and by extension, the concept of accusation or suspicion. It can also refer to needs or necessities, and in a specific context, the vicissitudes of fate.

This root primarily relates to the act of carrying a heavy load and moving quickly, or drinking intensely. It describes a person exerting effort in movement or consumption.

This root primarily relates to the male genitalia, hair, and growth, extending to concepts of abundance, speed, and specific natural phenomena like raisins and certain animals.

This root describes the concept of being thick, stout, or robust, particularly in reference to the physical build of an animal, like a young camel. It conveys a sense of solidness and substantiality.

This root primarily relates to enclosures, shelters, and places of concealment. It encompasses structures for animals, hiding places for hunters, and dens for wild animals.

This root primarily refers to a type of fragrant plant, specifically a lily or similar aromatic flower. It is also used metaphorically to describe something pleasant or delightful.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of pushing, thrusting, and forceful movement, often applied to money, physical actions, or natural phenomena like floods. It also extends to descriptions of spears and people who travel extensively.

This root primarily concerns the soft, downy feathers of young birds, and by extension, the initial growth of hair or down. It also extends to the early stages of plant development, specifically after watering.

This root primarily describes a large or abundant quantity of liquid, specifically water or urine. It conveys a sense of overflowing or excessive flow.

This root primarily relates to the concept of entering or being entered into a confined space, often implying a narrow or difficult passage. It also extends to describe narrowness or constriction in a more general sense, particularly for paths.