Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily concerns the concepts of dislike, aversion, and being forced or compelled against one's will. It extends to related ideas like humiliation, anger, and even physical descriptions of animals and terrain.

The root 'رقم' primarily relates to marking, writing, and patterns of lines or spots. It extends to concepts of recording, identifying, and even specific types of markings on animals, textiles, and land. Figuratively, it can refer to intense emotions or significant events.

This root primarily concerns the concept of accumulation, piling up, or gathering things together. It extends to describe things that are stacked, such as clouds or sand, and can also refer to a well-trodden path or collected mud.

This root primarily concerns the concept of repair, mending, and restoration. It extends to the idea of decay and becoming old, particularly for bones and structures. It also encompasses related concepts like taking food, carrying things, and even abstract notions like worry or significant events.

This root primarily concerns pleasant or melodious sounds, particularly singing and the sounds made by animals or objects. It extends to describe the act of singing, the quality of a voice, and even the humming sound of a bowstring.

This root primarily relates to seeking, requesting, and a specific people (Romans). It encompasses concepts of desire, pursuit, and also includes geographical locations, a type of glue, and specific historical figures and places associated with the Romans.

This root primarily relates to concepts of gentleness, weakness, and persistence, often associated with rain, physical states, and character traits. It also encompasses geographical names and the names of companions.

This root primarily relates to concepts of increase, excess, and elevation. It also encompasses terms for specific natural features like small mountains, graves, and the end of the day, as well as abstract ideas like separation and a wound healing. Some derived terms refer to specific places or individuals.

This root primarily concerns intense or extreme states, including dying and living, eating voraciously, intense fear, and forceful actions. It also extends to concepts of necessity, strong emotions, and forceful speech or actions.

This root pertains to the concept of haste, quickness, and rushing into something without proper consideration. It encompasses the act of being hasty and the state of being hurried.

This root primarily relates to subtle sounds, indistinct speech, or quiet utterances. It also extends to describe things that are weak, ill-tempered, or lacking in vocalization, and in a distinct sense, refers to childbirth contractions.

This root primarily deals with concepts of crowding, pressing, and congestion. It extends to meanings of approaching a limit, being densely packed, and also includes specific place names and personal names derived from this core idea.

This root primarily concerns the concept of forceful pushing or thrusting. It extends to meanings related to the strong smell or rancidity of meat, particularly that of a predator, and the act of bearing a heavy load.

This root primarily deals with the concept of swallowing, consuming, or ingesting something, often in a forceful or complete manner. It can extend to metaphorical senses of accepting or taking in something, such as words or ideas.

This root primarily deals with concepts of cutting, severing, and ceasing. It extends to meanings of being cut off, constricted, or even giving birth. Figuratively, it can describe a state of being timid, insignificant, or a specific type of wildcat.

This root primarily concerns the act of swallowing, choking, or constricting the throat. It also refers to the throat itself or the specific area where swallowing occurs.

This root appears to describe something that is thick, substantial, and ancient. It is primarily used as an adjective to denote these qualities.

The root الزعم primarily concerns speech, encompassing claims, assertions, and falsehoods. It extends to concepts of leadership, sponsorship, ambition, and things that are uncertain or unreliable. The root also touches upon physical descriptions related to food and animals.

This root primarily relates to sounds and vocalizations, particularly those associated with anger, suppressed speech, or the sounds made by certain animals. It also extends to descriptions of speech impediments and a specific type of bird.

This root pertains to states of doubt, uncertainty, and negative emotions. It encompasses feelings of suspicion, delusion, and deep-seated malice or resentment.

This root primarily concerns the act of swallowing or gulping, often with a sense of force or completeness. It also extends to a specific type of plant and its fruit, as well as a severe disease.

This root primarily concerns the common cold, its symptoms, and related conditions. It also extends to meanings of filling, throwing, and describes a type of person or a last-born child.

This root primarily refers to the throat or gullet. It encompasses the anatomical passage for food and air, and by extension, can metaphorically refer to the act of swallowing or the passage itself.

This root primarily relates to concepts of shaping, forming, and cutting, often with a connotation of being short, stout, or well-formed. It also extends to specific objects like arrows, parts of animals, and even geographical features and plants.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being light, agile, or quick. The primary derived word describes something or someone as being light in weight or movement.

This root primarily concerns the concept of tightness, restraint, or being bound, often related to leading or controlling something. It extends to meanings of filling, approaching, and making sounds, particularly those that are deep or resonant.

This root primarily deals with concepts of being attached, appended, or falsely attributed, often in a negative or derogatory sense. It extends to physical descriptions of parts of animals, specific plants, and even abstract notions like calamities.

This root primarily concerns unpleasant odors, particularly those associated with rancid or strong-smelling meat and fat. It also extends to concepts of greasiness, thickness, and in some derived forms, negative social interactions like enmity or excessive talk.

The root 'zahdama' appears to be primarily used in classical Arabic to denote specific names, particularly of horses and individuals. It also extends to names of animals like lions and falcons, and geographical features such as wells.

This root primarily deals with concepts of passing, time, and portions of time. It also extends to geographical locations, specific foods, and groups of people.

This root primarily relates to separation, scattering, and gathering, often in the context of meat, animals, or raids. It also encompasses specific terms for a type of camel, a sound, and a method of silencing someone.

This root primarily concerns the concept of becoming weary, tired, or bored with something. It extends to the feeling of being fed up or disgusted, and the state of being weary.

This root appears to describe something large or significant, specifically in relation to the posterior or hindquarters. It is used adjectivally to denote a large backside.

This root primarily concerns the flowing or dripping of liquids, especially tears and water. It also extends to concepts of slowness, specific types of plants, and descriptive terms for animals.

This root primarily denotes blackness and dark colors. It extends to things that are black, such as certain animals, plants, and even abstract concepts like alliances sealed with blood. It also encompasses related terms like darkness, shadows, and specific objects associated with these qualities.

This root primarily relates to the concept of blackness or darkness. It extends to encompass negative emotions like hatred, as well as states of being spoiled, heated, or unpleasant, particularly concerning food and water. It also describes certain textures and geographical features.

This root primarily concerns states of intense emotion like grief, regret, or anger, often accompanied by a sense of longing or obsession. It also extends to descriptions of animals, particularly camels, and physical states like being blocked or healed.

This root appears to be related to a place name, specifically a town or region. It is mentioned in the context of a judge associated with this location.

This root primarily relates to sounds or actions associated with animals, specifically dogs and wasps. It also extends to anatomical terms for the posterior part of the digestive tract and concepts of separation or fragmentation.

This root appears to describe something or someone that is tall or long. The primary derived word directly relates to this meaning.

This root primarily refers to a type of tree, specifically a black-wood tree, ebony, or a tree used for making bows. It may also encompass the wood itself or related concepts.

This root describes physical attributes related to size and capacity, particularly a long or large physique, and a wide throat capable of swallowing quickly. It also extends to clarity and eloquence in speech.

This root primarily relates to tools for stoking fire, sealing, and edges, as well as concepts of centrality and foundations. It also encompasses actions of blocking or sealing.

This root primarily relates to the concept of 'sons' or 'descendants' in a familial and tribal context. It extends to the idea of building, founding, or establishing something, often in a metaphorical sense of lineage or creation. The root can also refer to specific tribes or groups.

This root primarily describes a specific gait or manner of movement for camels, particularly a swift or vigorous pace. It also appears in a proper name and as an adjective denoting speed.

This root primarily relates to sexual intercourse and its associated concepts, including the act itself and the idea of withdrawal. It also extends to meanings related to nourishment, well-being, and causing distress.

This root appears to be related to the concept of a lion, specifically its ferocity and predatory nature. It is used to describe the lion itself and actions associated with it.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sickness, illness, and weakness. It extends to related terms like a valley, a specific tree, and a medicinal plant known for its purgative properties.

This root appears to be related to the word for 'mouse' in classical Arabic. It is a rare term, primarily used to denote the animal itself.

This root describes a specific manner of walking, characterized by slowness and weakness. It can also refer to a personal name.