Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily denotes misfortune, bad luck, and negativity. It extends to concepts of darkness, cold, scarcity, and ill omens. It also encompasses specific celestial bodies and periods associated with bad fortune.

This root primarily concerns the act of prodding or poking, often with a sharp object, to incite movement or action. It extends to related concepts like selling animals and slaves, and specific anatomical or technical terms.

This root primarily relates to the act of piercing or striking, often with a pointed object or by falling. It also extends to concepts of subtle listening, understanding, and conveying information discreetly. Figuratively, it can describe a swift or agile person or animal, or the act of being slandered or wrongly accused.

This root primarily relates to the narcissus flower, its cultivation, and its characteristics. It also extends to concepts of self-admiration and pride, likely metaphorically linked to the flower's appearance.

This root primarily relates to a place in Iraq and items associated with it, specifically clothing. It also extends to a type of high-quality date.

This root primarily relates to concepts of movement, speed, and intensity, often associated with markets, wind, and intense conditions like hunger or thirst. It also encompasses notions of origin, essence, and a peculiar type of creature.

This entry appears to be a proper noun, likely a name of foreign origin, rather than a typical Arabic root with derived meanings. It is associated with a person's name and a term of Roman origin related to medicine.

This root primarily relates to knowledge, expertise, and meticulousness. It encompasses being knowledgeable, skilled in medicine, and also describes someone who is fastidious, overly cautious, or even deceitful.

This root primarily concerns the state of drowsiness, sleepiness, and the associated feelings of weakness and lethargy. It extends to describe a state of dullness or sluggishness in both living beings and markets.

The root 'النفس' (al-nafs) broadly encompasses concepts related to the soul, spirit, life force, and essence. It extends to cover the physical body, blood, and even the eye (as a source of envy). The root also relates to personal attributes like will, pride, honor, and desire, as well as abstract notions of relief, spaciousness, and provision.

This root primarily relates to a painful swelling and inflammation, particularly in the joints of the feet, often associated with gout. It also extends to meanings of destruction, a great calamity, and expertise in navigation or medicine.

This root primarily relates to the Christian bell and its associated actions, but also extends to concepts of defect, mockery, disease, ink, and naming. It encompasses the object itself, the act of striking it, and various metaphorical or literal meanings of imperfection and identification.

This root primarily concerns the concept of inversion, turning upside down, or returning to a previous state, often in a negative or undesirable way. It encompasses physical actions like falling headfirst, medical conditions like a relapse, and abstract concepts like a reversed reading of the Quran.

This root primarily relates to secrecy, hidden knowledge, and discreet communication. It extends to concepts of trustworthiness, cunning, and even specific animals or objects associated with concealment or stealth.

This root primarily concerns the concept of swaying, oscillating, or moving back and forth. It extends to meanings of staying in a place, specific types of dates, and also includes proper names and collective nouns.

This root primarily describes the act of biting or tearing with the front teeth, often associated with consuming meat. It extends to describe individuals or things characterized by this action, or places where it occurs.

This root primarily relates to the concept of command, order, affair, matter, and the act of commanding or being commanded. It encompasses various aspects of authority, decision-making, and the unfolding of events.

This root entry pertains to the month of Nisan, a specific month within the Roman calendar system. It functions as a proper noun for this calendrical period.

This root primarily concerns feelings of fear, apprehension, or unease, often triggered by subtle or hidden stimuli like faint sounds. It also extends to concepts of hidden knowledge, subtle perceptions, and the passage of time.

This root primarily relates to concepts of hiddenness, concealment, and the initial emergence or appearance of something, particularly vegetation. It also extends to the idea of discarding or leaving something incomplete.

This entry appears to be a proper noun, likely a place name, rather than a semantic root with derived lemmas. It is described as being in the vicinity of Ifriqiya.

This root primarily concerns a specific plant native to Yemen, known for its medicinal properties and use in dyeing. It also extends to descriptions of color, texture, and growth, as well as specific names for animals and people.

This root primarily relates to the concept of substitution or exchange, often in the context of something being given in place of another. It also extends to the idea of whispering or insidious suggestion, particularly associated with the devil.

This root primarily relates to intense action, particularly striking, breaking, and the heat of conflict. It also encompasses terms for a baker's oven and a specific valley.

This root primarily relates to soft, yielding, or difficult-to-traverse terrain, particularly sand. It also encompasses concepts of treading, riding over, and the plants that grow in such environments. Some derived terms describe a specific gait of camels or a type of competition.

This root primarily concerns the concept of skin affliction, particularly mange or scabies in animals, and its spread. It extends to describe a state of being afflicted, a general term for foulness or indecency, and also refers to groups of people, sometimes implying low status or disunity.

This root primarily concerns deficiency, decrease, and impairment. It extends to negative phenomena like lunar eclipses, unfavorable astrological positions, and lingering injuries. It also describes a person of low character or a business that has failed.

This root primarily relates to concepts of deception, treachery, and cunning. It also extends to describing a specific gait of a camel and the act of hinting or alluding to something without directness.

This root primarily denotes intense or rapid movement, often with connotations of force or aggression. It also extends to meanings related to harm, deception, and specific actions like crushing or treading.

This root primarily relates to concepts of pity, endearment, and desire, often in the context of children. It also encompasses the meaning of poverty or lack, and the fulfillment of one's desires.

This root describes the act of walking with pride and arrogance, characterized by a pompous and ostentatious gait. It conveys a sense of self-importance and haughtiness in one's demeanor.

This root appears to describe someone who is charitable, generous, and perhaps spreads good deeds or news. It encompasses concepts of giving and positive dissemination.

This root primarily relates to negation and questioning, functioning as a particle. It can also be used to express surprise or as a relative pronoun in certain contexts.

This root describes a person characterized by roughness, boorishness, and a lack of refinement. It conveys a sense of being uncouth, ill-mannered, and perhaps physically imposing in a crude way.

This root primarily refers to various animals, including monkeys, foxes, and bears, often with connotations of baseness or nocturnal activity. It also extends to abstract concepts like hardships and frost.

This root primarily concerns the idea of something occurring to the mind, often involuntarily or as a vague thought. It extends to encompass sounds, fleeting notions, and even physical states like confusion or spoiled food.

This root pertains to the concept of heaviness, weight, and being burdensome. It describes something or someone that is difficult to carry, endure, or deal with, often implying a negative or challenging quality.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of animal, likely a male leopard or its offspring. The entry is very brief and lacks extensive derivation.

This root appears to relate to severe, overwhelming calamities or disasters. The primary meaning points to formidable and destructive events that cause great distress.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of plant, the myrtle, as used by the people of Yemen. It is a regional term for this aromatic shrub.

This entry discusses a word that is claimed to mean 'large' or 'heavy', but it is noted as an error by al-Jawhari and others. The correct word is suggested to be 'جرهاس' (jarhās).

This root primarily concerns intense eating, crushing, and grinding. It extends to descriptions of things that are heavy, strong, or worn out, and also includes specific terms for animals, plants, and places.

This root pertains to a devastating and destructive plague or calamity. It describes something that eradicates and leaves nothing behind, signifying a complete and utter disaster.

This root primarily relates to fierce, aggressive animals, specifically lions and leopards. It also extends to describe a rhinoceros and encompasses abstract concepts like frowning and noisy commotion.

This root primarily relates to subtle, quiet, or hidden actions and sounds. It encompasses concepts like whispering, secret speech, stealthy movement, and faint noises, often associated with the night or stealth.

This root describes a manner of walking characterized by swaying, pride, and arrogance. It encompasses the physical act of strutting and the underlying attitude of haughtiness.

This root primarily describes a thief or a wolf, and related actions of cunning, deception, and recovery from illness.

This root appears to describe negative character traits and the names of wild animals, specifically predators. It encompasses terms for someone of bad character and also refers to a wolf and a fox.

This root entry is extremely brief and appears to be a fragment. It directly equates the root word to 'frogs'. Without further derived forms or context, its semantic scope is limited to this specific meaning.