Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily concerns the concept of something that appears or wanders, often in a fleeting or spectral manner. It encompasses notions of madness, anger, and apparitions, particularly those seen in dreams. It also relates to the act of frequent wandering or circumambulating.

The root جاء (jā'a) primarily relates to the concept of coming, arriving, or appearing. It can also extend to meanings of bringing something, causing something to happen, or even repelling and driving away.

This root primarily concerns containers and vessels, but extends significantly to encompass qualities of intelligence, wit, elegance, and refined manners. It describes a person possessing these refined qualities, particularly in youth, and the act of cultivating or feigning them.

This root primarily relates to the concept of binding, gathering, or restricting, often in a negative or difficult context. It extends to hardship in life, scarcity, and the act of tracing or following.

The root الظلف primarily relates to concepts of hoofs, feet, and the hard, rough, or difficult aspects of things. It extends to meanings of falsehood, permission, hardship, and stubbornness, as well as physical attributes of animals and terrain.

This root primarily deals with the concept of taking, seizing, or grasping something. It extends to meanings of receiving, accepting, and in some contexts, expelling or driving away.

This root primarily describes negative character traits such as wickedness, insolence, and arrogance. It also extends to meanings related to harshness, intensity, and specific agricultural or animal terms.

This root primarily relates to the act of plucking or tearing. It also extends to describe a portion or segment of time, specifically of the night.

This root primarily denotes harshness, rudeness, and arrogance in speech and action. It also extends to meanings of intensity, speed, and the harshness of life's events, as well as specific animal and object descriptions.

This root primarily concerns the concept of leanness, emaciation, and lack of fat, both in animals and humans. It extends to describe things that are thin, meager, or lacking substance, and also encompasses actions related to abstaining from food or enduring hardship.

This root entry is very brief and appears to be a proper noun or a specific term. It is identified as the name of an ant mentioned in the Quran.

This root primarily concerns small amounts of provisions, food, or sustenance. It extends to concepts of time, groups of people, and parts of objects, often implying a limited or small quantity.

This root primarily relates to the concept of eating or consuming food. It also extends to meanings associated with fighting or killing, and a state of not having eaten.

This root primarily describes a type of thorny desert shrub and its characteristics. It also extends to related concepts like dryness, roughness, and the act of being thorny or prickly.

This root primarily describes wooden or bone components used for fastening or structuring, particularly in saddles, yokes, and animal anatomy. It also extends to a specific plant with medicinal properties.

This root primarily relates to aversion, disinterest, and turning away from something. It also extends to sounds, particularly those associated with the supernatural or natural phenomena like thunder and wind, and musical instruments.

This root primarily concerns deviation, straying, and hardship. It encompasses concepts like deviating from a path, oppression, and exploitation. It also relates to extreme exhaustion, particularly in animals, and can refer to a specific place name.

This root primarily describes the act of holding back or suppressing something, particularly tears or an intention. It can also refer to the opposite of crying or an inability to cry.

This root primarily relates to concepts of dryness, aversion, and dislike. It describes withered trees, animals with poor appetite, and a general sense of finding something unpleasant or unknown.

This root primarily relates to the growth and state of plants, particularly grain, and extends to concepts of rapid movement, intensity, and destruction, often associated with wind. It also encompasses terms for sustenance and swiftness.

The root عطف (ʿaṭafa) primarily denotes bending, turning, or inclining. This extends to concepts of affection, compassion, and sympathy, as well as physical actions like folding or turning aside. It also encompasses directional meanings like sides or flanks, and can refer to specific objects or qualities associated with these actions.

This root primarily concerns abstaining from what is unlawful or unseemly, often implying chastity and self-restraint. It also extends to meanings related to milk remaining in a udder, and in specific contexts, to medicine or a type of fish.

This root primarily relates to the concept of bending, curving, or being crooked. It extends to describe physical objects that are bent, animals with deformities, and even abstract concepts like harshness or poverty. It also encompasses specific names and terms for animals and tools.

This root primarily concerns the concept of being confined, detained, or held back. It extends to meanings of steadfast devotion, surrounding, and meticulous attention, often implying a stationary or focused state.

This root primarily concerns fodder, feeding, and related concepts. It extends to terms for eating, specific types of plants and their fruits, and descriptive terms for animals and people, often implying a state of being well-fed or aged.

This root describes something that is dry, emaciated, or short and compressed. It can also refer to an old woman, implying a similar state of dryness or witheredness.

This root primarily concerns harshness, severity, and roughness, contrasting with gentleness and ease. It extends to the beginning or prime of something, and also to actions taken with force or without clear intention.

The root 'al-'awf' broadly relates to states, conditions, and significant entities or beings. It encompasses abstract concepts like status and reputation, as well as concrete entities such as guests, animals (birds, lions, wolves), and even idols and mountains. It also touches upon actions like caring for family and observing phenomena.

This root primarily concerns the semantic field of aversion, dislike, and rejection, particularly concerning food and drink. It extends to concepts of divination, omens, and specific conditions related to livestock and women's health.

This root primarily denotes the concept of arrogance, haughtiness, and excessive pride. It describes a person who behaves in an overly conceited or disdainful manner.

This root primarily relates to concepts of darkness, abundance, and swiftness, often associated with birds like crows and vultures, as well as actions of giving generously, covering, and taking significantly.

This root primarily refers to cartilage, a flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body. It also extends to describe structural components of a camel's saddle.

This root appears to relate to specific types of plants, particularly fragrant ones like jasmine, and also reeds.

This root primarily concerns the concept of darkness and obscurity. It describes the state of being dark and the act of becoming dark.

This root primarily relates to the concept of cartilage, a flexible connective tissue found in many areas of the body. It also extends to meanings associated with something being young, tender, or immature, often in a biological or developmental context.

This root primarily relates to concepts of bending, breaking, drooping, and darkening. It extends to descriptions of physical states like relaxed ears or drooping eyelids, as well as abstract notions of ease, abundance, and obscurity.

This root primarily describes noble, generous, and handsome individuals, often young men. It also extends to meanings related to pride, arrogance, and the young of birds of prey.

This root primarily relates to concepts of abundance, prosperity, and physical attributes associated with beauty or excess. It also encompasses tribal names and personal names derived from these meanings.

This root appears to be related to a specific proper noun, likely a horse's name. The entry provides a description of this horse, including its owner and lineage.

This root primarily relates to sustenance, provision, and things consumed or obtained in small amounts. It also touches upon the concept of time or season, and the physical state of being plump or well-fed.

This root describes intense darkness, particularly the kind associated with the night or deep shadows. It conveys a sense of overwhelming obscurity and profound blackness.

This root appears to describe something that is swollen, bloated, or distended, often in a way that suggests fullness or even a slight protrusion. It can refer to physical swelling or a state of being overfilled.

This root primarily relates to covering, sheathing, or enclosing something. It extends to concepts of protection, concealment, and even metaphorical coverings like ignorance or abundance.

This root appears to be very rare and primarily refers to a specific type of plant or herb. Its usage is limited and likely confined to classical botanical or medicinal contexts.

This root appears to be very rare and primarily refers to a specific type of garment or cloak. Its usage is limited and likely confined to classical Arabic contexts.

This root pertains to water, specifically its presence and abundance in natural sources like wells and springs. It can also describe a body of water, such as a sea, characterized by this abundance.

This root primarily relates to the movement of branches, gentleness, and softness. It also extends to concepts of fleeing, fear, and specific flora and fauna.

This root primarily describes coverings, wrappers, and protective layers for objects, particularly for clothing or valuable items. It extends to the concept of a large, substantial covering, like a thick palm frond.