Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily concerns deviation, turning aside, or being struck by misfortune. It also extends to physical positions, such as the shoulder joint, and the act of spilling or scattering contents.

This root primarily relates to descent, arrival, and succession, often in the context of events, positions, or journeys. It also encompasses concepts of strength, proximity, and specific geographical or ethnic groups, particularly related to Sudan.

This root primarily concerns the act of taking or seizing something, often forcefully or as plunder. It extends to concepts of rapid movement, verbal attack, and even specific geographical locations or personal names.

This root primarily concerns the canine tooth, its physical characteristics, and by extension, things that are sharp or prominent. It also extends to describe aged animals, particularly female camels, and can refer to specific geographical locations or prominent individuals.

This root primarily concerns concepts of largeness, spaciousness, and depth, particularly in relation to physical objects like arrows, hooves, wells, and camels. It also extends to abstract notions of shame, shyness, and disgrace.

This root pertains to the preparation and readiness for a military campaign or war. It encompasses the act of getting ready for battle and the state of being prepared.

This root primarily denotes the concept of remaining fixed or established in a place, implying steadfastness and immobility. It describes a state of being settled and not moving from a particular location.

This root primarily concerns obligation, necessity, and falling or setting. It extends to concepts of deserving, duties, significant actions, and physical sensations like a beating heart or exhaustion. It also describes natural phenomena like sunset and the physical state of animals.

This root primarily describes a specific disease affecting camels. It details the ailment itself and potentially related concepts or symptoms.

This root pertains to a state of being bad, ill, or in a poor condition. It encompasses concepts of affliction, hardship, and general misfortune.

This root primarily concerns the stomach and intestines, particularly their use in preparing or storing dairy products. It also extends to the concept of a waterskin's damage.

This root primarily relates to dens, burrows, and cavities, particularly those of wild animals or small creatures. It also extends to concepts of corruption, weakness, and deception, often through indirect means.

This root primarily relates to the concept of flowing or pouring, particularly water. It also extends to meanings of stealthy movement and a skilled thief.

This root primarily relates to vegetation and growth, specifically the abundance of grass. It also extends to physical attributes like thickness or density, and can refer to specific places or objects.

The root الوشب relates to concepts of coarseness, thickness, and mixed or unruly crowds. It describes a thick-skinned date and also refers to a rabble or a mixture of people.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of illness, disease, and suffering. It also extends to meanings of persistence, steadfastness, and permanence, as well as physical attributes like growth and distance.

This root primarily relates to containers for milk, specifically milk skins made from animal hides. It also extends to describe a large breast and, metaphorically, a rough or uncivilized person. The phrase 'his milk skin turned yellow' signifies death.

This root primarily concerns the concept of persistence, continuity, and regularity. It extends to the idea of something being frequented or worn down, whether by natural processes or by hardship.

This root primarily concerns the concept of encompassing, collecting, or taking something entirely. It extends to meanings of comprehensiveness, thoroughness, and spaciousness, both literally and figuratively.

This root primarily describes something or someone that is large, heavy, or clumsy. It can also refer to foolishness, worthlessness, or a collection of miscellaneous items.

This root primarily concerns cavities, hollows, or depressions, whether in natural formations like rocks or the body, or in man-made objects. It extends to concepts of entering, disappearing, and darkness, as well as negative connotations like foolishness and baseness. It also encompasses specific terms related to animal anatomy and actions.

This root primarily concerns movement, particularly walking or marching, often in a group. It extends to concepts of accompanying, following, and persistence. Secondary meanings relate to physical states like uprightness, dirtiness, and ripeness.

This root primarily deals with the concept of entering, arriving, and reaching a destination. It also extends to meanings related to offspring, young animals, and the act of giving or bestowing gifts, often implying a sense of overcoming or surpassing in generosity.

This root primarily deals with the concept of imposing or bringing about misfortune, calamity, or a state of distress upon someone. It can also refer to a specific measure of grain or express astonishment.

This root primarily relates to the concept of rising, surging, or becoming active. It encompasses the blowing of wind, awakening from sleep, and the vigor and speed of a traveler. It also extends to states of being, pieces of cloth, the sharpness of a sword, and periods of time.

This root primarily deals with the concept of giving, granting, or bestowing something. It also extends to related ideas like the act of mating, sudden appearance or disappearance, and movement or shaking.

This root primarily relates to speed, swiftness, and rapid movement. It also encompasses concepts of shimmering, urging, sudden awareness, and cutting or tearing. Derived terms describe fast individuals, animals, and even worn-out objects.

This root pertains to the concept of forceful movement and action. It encompasses notions of driving, hastening, and striking with a stick, implying a vigorous and often aggressive manner of proceeding.

The root الهدب primarily relates to things that hang down, are fringed, or are long and trailing. This includes eyelashes, the nap of fabric, drooping clouds, and even the gait of a horse. It also extends to cutting, harvesting, and specific types of plants and animals.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of refinement, purification, and selection. It extends to actions of cutting away excess, making something pure or clear, and improving or correcting something. It also encompasses notions of speed and abundance.

This root pertains to excessive and rapid speech. It also describes a habit of speaking quickly and a person who is quick in both speech and service.

This root pertains to the concepts of lightness, swiftness, and agility. It describes a state of being quick and nimble, often in movement or action.

This root primarily denotes the concept of fleeing, escaping, or running away. It extends to meanings of being overwhelmed, disappearing, or being forced into a desperate situation. Some derived terms also refer to specific objects or places associated with this root.

This root primarily describes something or someone that is tall or long. It can refer to people, animals, or even inanimate objects. The root also includes a proper noun.

This root appears to describe something heavy, slow, or cumbersome, particularly in the context of an enemy. It also extends to describe an old, cowardly, or pot-bellied person.

This root appears to describe an old, aged woman. The primary derived term directly relates to this meaning.

This root appears to relate to concepts of strength, speed, and potentially dangerous or powerful entities. It encompasses strong camels, eagles, iron, lions, and even a type of fish, suggesting a semantic field of formidable or potent beings and materials.

This root pertains to the concepts of lightness, agility, and swiftness. It describes a state of being quick and nimble in movement or action.

This root primarily concerns the concept of sufficiency, adequacy, and sufficiency in terms of lineage or honor. It relates to having enough or being enough, often in a context of wealth, status, or capability.

This root primarily denotes the act of fleeing or escaping. It encompasses the concept of rapid departure and evasion from a place or situation.

This root primarily relates to concepts of abundance, intensity, and physical characteristics. It encompasses meanings related to rain, walking pace, and descriptions of terrain, animals, and even a type of hardship.

This root primarily relates to the concept of spaciousness and breadth. It extends to descriptions of large or robust beings, particularly ostriches, and also encompasses terms for firmness and a specific command used for horses.

This root appears to relate to the concept of mockery or jesting. The primary meaning involves making fun of someone or something.

This root primarily relates to hair, particularly coarse or abundant hair, and by extension, things that are hairy or bristly. It also extends to concepts of abundance, intensity, and sometimes negative actions like harsh speech or cold weather.

This root appears to relate to something large or great, specifically a large cooking pot. It is a rare root with limited derived forms.

This root appears to describe a state of relaxation, idleness, or slowness in one's affairs. It conveys a sense of taking it easy or delaying action.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of bitter green vegetable, known for its medicinal properties. It also includes a proper noun derived from the name of the plant.

This root appears to describe something short or stunted in stature. It is primarily used as an adjective to denote a person of short build.