Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root appears to relate to a type of plant, possibly a large-leafed herb or vegetable, and also to the concept of jealousy in men.

This root primarily deals with concepts related to vision, particularly impaired or altered sight, and physical defects or deformities of the eye and lips. It also extends to meanings of cutting, separation, and negative character traits, as well as place names and personal appellations.

This root appears to be related to the concept of barley, a common grain. It likely encompasses the grain itself, its cultivation, and possibly related agricultural terms.

This root appears to be a loanword or a highly unusual formation, possibly related to a specific concept or object. Its meaning is not readily apparent from standard Arabic morphology and requires further context or etymological investigation.

This root primarily relates to concepts of roughness, coarseness, and ruggedness, often applied to natural elements like mountains and plants. It also extends to meanings of disagreement, contention, and physical actions like tying or opening.

This root primarily relates to openings, coasts, and specific geographical features. It encompasses the act of opening the mouth, coastal regions, watercourses, and even the healed mark of a camel's saddle sore. It also extends to flora and fauna, specifically a type of tree and a bird.

This root appears to describe a state of readiness for verbal aggression or insult, and also a stage of slight growth or development.

This root appears to describe something that is tall or elongated. The primary meaning relates to physical stature and height.

This root appears to describe a physical characteristic, specifically related to the eyes. The primary meaning relates to having prominent or bulging eyes.

This root primarily relates to sounds produced from the throat or nose, particularly snoring. It extends to the neighing of a horse and also describes physical actions like descending a mountain, tearing, or arranging date palm fronds.

This root appears to be primarily used to denote a proper name. It does not seem to have broader semantic extensions or common derived forms in classical Arabic dictionaries.

This root primarily concerns small, detached pieces, particularly of precious materials like gold or pearls. It extends to concepts of scattering, preparation for conflict, and specific animal behaviors, often with a classical register.

The root 'الشر' (ash-sharr) primarily denotes the opposite of good, encompassing evil, harm, and misfortune. It extends to negative concepts like disliked things, the devil, and adverse conditions, as well as specific natural phenomena and actions related to damage or display.

This root primarily concerns various forms of looking, often with negative connotations like glancing sideways, looking with anger, or casting an evil eye. It also extends to meanings related to twisting, difficulty, and preparation.

This root primarily relates to actions involving piercing, poking, or striking with a sharp object or horn. It also extends to specific actions of animals, particularly camels and antelopes, and describes a visual phenomenon related to death.

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'half' or 'part' of something. It extends to meanings of direction, intention, and division, as well as describing something that is uneven or partial. It also encompasses terms related to distance, cunning, and sharing.

This root primarily refers to a specific type of nut, the nutmeg, and its associated plant. It may also extend to related botanical or geographical terms.

The root 'شعفر' primarily relates to descriptions of women, and also appears in proper nouns for tribes, horses, and individuals, indicating a connection to specific entities or characteristics.

This root appears to relate to the concept of a jackal or wild dog, and also to the turbulent or erratic movement of wind.

The root شغر primarily relates to the concept of lifting, raising, or separating, often with connotations of vulnerability, abandonment, or expansion. It extends to actions like a dog lifting its leg, a woman lifting her leg for intercourse, or a place becoming undefended. It also encompasses notions of distance, departure, and abundance.

This root appears to describe a beautiful woman. The primary meaning relates to a woman of exceptional beauty, with a specific mention of a woman belonging to a particular Arab tribe.

This root primarily relates to edges, borders, and sharp or narrow things. It extends to concepts of proximity, scarcity, and intensity, and is also used for specific anatomical parts and geographical features.

This root primarily relates to concepts of separation, scattering, and spreading out. It can describe physical dispersion, fragmentation, or the widening of something like a flame. It also extends to states of being disheveled or standing erect.

The root 'ashqar' primarily relates to a reddish-yellow or tawny color, often applied to animals, people, and even blood. It also extends to various specific nouns including flowers, fish, places, and abstract concepts like needs or important matters.

The root الشكر primarily relates to gratitude, recognition of favor, and its expression. It extends to concepts of reward, praise, and abundance, particularly concerning livestock and nature. The root also encompasses various specific terms for plants, geographical locations, and personal names.

This root appears to describe actions related to rapid, aggressive movement, often with a connotation of fear or panic. It encompasses concepts of running, fleeing, and potentially a wild or untamed state.

This root primarily relates to concepts of height, loftiness, and arrogance. It encompasses physical elevation, such as tall mountains, and metaphorical elevation, like pride and haughtiness.

This root entry describes a person characterized by meanness and misfortune. It is presented as a loanword from Persian, meaning 'unlucky star'.

This root describes swiftness and agility, primarily applied to animals like camels and young men. It also extends to the concept of successful or safe passage.

This root appears to relate to concepts of narrowness, difficulty, or hardship, possibly extending to geographical features like mountains.

This root primarily concerns concepts of shame, disgrace, and notorious badness. It extends to describing someone who is flawed or wicked, and also includes specific place names and an animal.

This root entry appears to be a proper noun referring to specific locations in Egypt. It does not seem to represent a core semantic concept with derived meanings.

This root primarily relates to the concept of an extra digit or appendage, specifically a finger, and by extension, the space between fingers. It also extends to the act of tearing or ripping something, and is associated with a historical figure known for a physical anomaly.

This root primarily relates to the concept of a man, a male human being. It extends to terms for bravery, strength, and sometimes implies a mature or fully developed individual. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something substantial or significant.

This entry describes a specific plant, its characteristics, and its common names. It details its appearance, growth habit, and properties, noting its Persian origin.

This root appears to relate to concepts of roughness, coarseness, and harshness. It is primarily used to describe a person exhibiting these qualities, though its exact usage and derivation are somewhat obscure.

This root relates to concepts of thickness, hardness, and strength. It also encompasses the idea of a stronghold or refuge.

This root primarily concerns the concept of verbal abuse, insults, and harsh speech. It extends to describe a person of ill character and, metaphorically, to physical features of a mountain.

This root appears to describe someone with bad character, specifically being ill-mannered, vulgar, and indecent. It focuses on the negative aspects of speech and behavior.

This root primarily relates to concepts of vigor, intensity, and negative character traits. It describes the energetic state of a female camel, as well as a person with a bad disposition or a swift, agile nature.

This root appears to describe an old, large woman. The primary term is an adjective or noun referring to an elderly female, with variations in pronunciation and potential connections to other words.

This root appears to be a rare or possibly non-Arabic word, cited only in poetry without a clear explanation. Its meaning is uncertain and likely obscure.

The root 'شار' primarily relates to extracting honey, but extends to concepts of beauty, appearance, adornment, and evaluation. It also encompasses actions like training animals, offering advice, and revealing things.

This root primarily concerns the concept of fame, renown, and public knowledge. It extends to the idea of something becoming widely known, often through appearance or reputation, and also encompasses specific temporal units like months and celestial bodies.

This root primarily describes something large, stout, or aged, particularly in reference to camels and elderly women. It also extends to physical attributes like a large head and can be used in proper names.

This root appears to refer to a type of bird, specifically a vulture or a similar scavenger bird. The entry is very brief and primarily defines the term as 'the vulture' with no singular form.

This root primarily describes a stage of growth in children, specifically between the ages of three and six years old. It also extends to describe individuals who are short, stout, or excessively fat, and carries negative connotations of being a malicious gossip or a corrupting influence.

This root appears to describe a type of fast or vigorous movement, particularly in the context of travel or walking. It conveys a sense of intensity and perhaps urgency in one's pace.