Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root pertains to the central, most substantial, or collected part of something. It signifies the core, the bulk, or the middle section of an object or concept.

This root appears to relate to a specific type of bread, likely baked in embers or ashes. The primary lemma describes this bread.

This root pertains to something having a foul or putrid smell. It describes a strong, unpleasant odor, often associated with decay or staleness.

This root primarily relates to forceful actions like striking, pushing, and biting, often with a sense of aggression or struggle. It also extends to severe impacts and unfortunate events.

This root primarily concerns the concept of cutting, severing, or extreme hardship. It extends to descriptions of physical mutilation, severe events, sharp objects, and even specific types of people or insects.

This root primarily describes intense anger and stubbornness, often applied to animals like camels. It also extends to concepts of physical strength, solidity, and unyielding nature, particularly in reference to terrain like mountains.

This root appears to describe something strong or robust, specifically in the context of camels. The primary lemma refers to a strong camel, with a comparison to another word for a similar quality.

This root primarily describes hardness, solidity, and strength. It extends to terms for a lion, signifying its powerful and formidable nature, and also refers to something robust or unyielding.

This root primarily describes a harsh, grating sound or action, often associated with teeth or a rough voice. It also extends to describe large, imposing entities like old women, camels, or lions, and can refer to specific body parts like heads and teeth.

This root appears to be related to the concept of a lion, characterized by its strength and boldness. It also extends to describe a brave or courageous person.

This root primarily relates to deafness, blockage, and hardness. It extends to concepts of solidity, stubbornness, and intense or extreme states, as well as specific objects like stoppers and certain types of land or animals.

This root primarily relates to idols and worship, but also extends to concepts of strength, foul odor, and specific geographical locations or tribal names. It encompasses the act of idol worship, the idols themselves, and associated terms.

This root primarily describes individuals of high status or strong character, encompassing concepts of nobility, determination, and unwavering resolve. It also extends to negative traits like ill temper and stubbornness, as well as specific terms for animals and priestly fees.

This root primarily concerns the concept of abstaining or refraining from something, most notably food and drink, which extends to fasting. It also encompasses related ideas like silence, stillness, and even specific actions like a horse spitting out its cud or a bird seeking shade.

This root describes something that is solid, strong, and well-formed. It pertains to physical robustness and structural integrity.

This root appears to be primarily associated with the noun for 'lion'. It also includes a proper name derived from this root.

This root pertains to descriptions of a lion and a brave man who is resolute against enemies. It emphasizes fierceness, courage, and formidable presence.

This root entry is very brief and primarily defines the word 'al-ḍaythim' as a lion. It also provides a comparison to another word for lion, 'ḥaydar'.

This root primarily describes crookedness, distortion, or asymmetry in physical features like the mouth, chin, or neck. It can also extend to describe a crooked well or a wound. Figuratively, it can refer to disagreement or a specific type of insect.

This root primarily refers to a large or protruding belly. It is also used to denote a group of kings from the Levant, with a specific grammatical formation for lineage.

This root primarily denotes largeness, size, and bulk, encompassing physical dimensions, weight, and even abstract concepts like importance or severity. It can also refer to specific qualities associated with size, such as width or heaviness.

This root primarily concerns the concept of intense burning, ignition, and rapid spread, often applied metaphorically to hunger, anger, or even the onset of gray hair. It also extends to related concepts like dry tinder, embers, and specific types of plants and even a historical place.

This root appears to describe something large, mature, or powerful, particularly in the context of female camels and snakes. It conveys a sense of advanced age or formidable strength.

This root appears to relate to concepts of water sources and negative personal attributes. It describes a specific type of water and also terms for a weak, base, or ignoble person.

This root primarily refers to the lion, often emphasizing its ferocity and power. It can also be used more broadly to denote male predatory animals.

This root describes something or someone that is large, particularly in the belly. It also extends to describe a large and coarse mount or beast.

This root primarily denotes the lion and attributes associated with its ferocity and strength. It extends to describe courageous and powerful individuals who exhibit lion-like qualities.

This root primarily concerns the act of biting or seizing with the mouth, often with a connotation of not fully engulfing the object. It extends to describe the animal that performs this action, particularly the lion.

This root primarily concerns the concept of gathering, collecting, or bringing things together. It extends to meanings of embracing, containing, and consolidating. Figuratively, it can denote intense emotions like anger, or refer to significant events and groups of people.

This root primarily relates to concepts of injustice, oppression, and causing harm. It also encompasses the idea of being wronged or suffering from such actions. A secondary meaning involves being constrained or confined.

This root appears to describe a person characterized by baseness or meanness. The primary lemma directly defines this negative attribute.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of injustice, oppression, and deprivation. It extends to related ideas of diminishing or taking away something, and also includes geographical and personal names.

This root primarily relates to concepts of pushing, driving, or overwhelming, often applied to natural forces like floods or the darkness of night. It also extends to collective groups of people or animals, and terms for strength and abundance.

This root appears to describe the act of filling something completely, particularly a waterskin or a bowstring. It also extends to the concept of having nothing or being empty.

This root primarily relates to the concept of 'what' or 'that which'. It is often used as a negative particle, a relative pronoun, or an interrogative pronoun. Its meanings can extend to expressing negation, prohibition, or questioning.

This root primarily relates to concepts of darkness, obscurity, and coarseness. It encompasses terms for dark-colored animals, physical features, and abstract notions of arrogance or coarseness.

This root appears to describe a state of intense anger or fury. The derived terms focus on the individual experiencing this anger and the intensity of their emotional state.

This root primarily relates to substances like honey, wax, and food residue, often associated with sweetness, stickiness, or being stuck. It also extends to concepts of greenness on teeth, a specific lip feature, the liver, a brazier, and dense clouds, with some metaphorical extensions to speech and mud.

This root describes a state of silent contemplation or brooding, often stemming from anger, pride, or deep thought. It implies a withdrawn demeanor, possibly with a hint of stubbornness or haughtiness.

This root appears to describe something that is long or extended, and also stagnant or putrid water. The primary meaning relates to physical length or height.

This root appears to describe states of being, particularly related to physical posture, emotional disposition, and physical appearance. It encompasses lying down, anger, arrogance, and youthful beauty.

This root appears to describe the act of retreating or turning back, particularly from a fight or a commitment. It conveys a sense of withdrawal or backing down.

This root appears to relate to the concept of darkness or obscurity, particularly in the context of the night. It describes the state of being dark or becoming dark.

This root appears to describe the concept of arrogance and haughtiness. It is primarily used in verb forms to denote someone acting in a proud or conceited manner.

This root appears to describe something difficult, strong, or unyielding, particularly in the context of camels and young men. It also relates to the concept of being robust or well-built.

This root primarily relates to the concepts of being obscured, darkened, or covered. It also extends to meanings of indigestion, dust, darkness, and a specific historical tribe. Figuratively, it can denote falsehood or delusion.

This root primarily concerns food, eating, and the act of tasting. It extends to concepts of sustenance, livelihood, and even the physical characteristics of food and drink. Figuratively, it can refer to one's condition, disposition, or even a specific type of bow or horse.

This root primarily denotes low-quality people and animals, encompassing concepts of baseness, foolishness, and the sea or vast bodies of water. It also includes the idea of feigning ignorance.

This root primarily relates to bread and its preparation, specifically shaping and flattening it. It also extends to meanings related to dirt or residue, particularly on teeth, and a type of seed.

This root appears to relate to stagnant or thick water, and potentially a place associated with it.