Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

عُرَاضَةٌ ذ A present: what is brought to one's family: (S, O, K:) called in Persian رَاه اآوَرْد: (S:) a present which a man gives when he returns from his journey: (TA:) such as a man gives to his children when he returns from a journey: (Sgh, TA:) and what is given as food by the bringer, or purveyor, of wheat, or corn, of the said wheat, or corn: (S, O, K:) what a person riding gives as food to any one of the owners of waters who asks him for food. (As.) You say, اِشْتَرِ عُرَاضَةً لِأَهْلِكَ Purchase thou a present to take to thy family. (S, O.) And سَأَلْتُهُ عُراضَةَ مَالٍ and مَالٍ ↓ عَرْضَ and مَالٍ ↓ عَرَضَ [ I asked him for a present of property ] فَلَمْ يُعْطِنِيهِ [ and he did not give it to me ]. (L.) [See also Ham p. 103, l. 8.]

[ عَرُضِىٌّ ذ Of, or relating to, prosody, or the art of versification. A prosodist. ]

عُرَيْضِنٌ ذ dim. of عِرَضْنَى, q. v., voce عِرَضْنَةٌ. (S, O.)

عَرُوضَاوَاتٌ ذ Places in which grow أَعْرَاض [pl. of عِرْضٌ] i. e. the [ trees called ] أَثْل and أَرَاك and حَمْض. (TA.)

عِرِّيضٌ ذ Forward; officious; meddling; a busybody: (TA in art. تيح:) one who addresses himself to do evil to men. (S, O, K.)

عَارِضٌ ذ [ Showing its breadth, or width; (see عَرَضَ, first signification;) or] having its side apparent: (TA:) and [in like manner] ↓ مُعْرِضٌ, q. v., anything showing its breadth, or width: [or its side: ] (TA:) [and hence, both signify appearing. (See again عَرَضَ.)] ― -b2- A collection of clouds appearing, or presenting itself, or extending sideways, (↓ مُعْتَرِضٌ,) in the horizon; (S, O, K;) overpeering: (TA:) or a collection of clouds which one sees in a side of the sky, like that which is termed جُلْبٌ, except that the former is white, whereas the latter inclines to blackness, and is narrower than the former, and more distant: (AZ:) or a collection of clouds that comes over against one (مُعَارِضًا) in the sky, unexpectedly: (El-Báhilee, O:) or a collection of clouds that appears, or presents itself, or extends sideways, (يَعْتَرِضُ,) in the sky, like as does a mountain, before it covers the sky, is called سَحَابٌ عَارِضٌ, and also حَبِىٌّ: (As, O:) pl. عَوَارِضُ. (TA.) [See also عَرْضٌ and عِرْضٌ.] In the phrase عَارِضٌ مُمْطِرُنَا, in the Kur [xlvi. 23], ممطرنا means مُمْطِرٌ لَنَا; for as being determinate it cannot be an epithet to عَارِضٌ, which is indeterminate: and the like of this the Arabs do only in the instances of nouns derived from verbs; so that you may not say هٰذَا رَجُلٌ غُلَامُنَا. (S, O.) ― -b3- See also عَرْضٌ, in the sentence commencing with “ A mountain, ” in two places: ― -b4- and again, shortly after. ― -b5- A gift appearing (As, S, O, K) from a person. (As, S, O.) [See an ex. voce عَائِضٌ.] ― -b6- [ Happening; befalling; occurring: an occurrence; as a fever, and the like. (See عَرَضَ لَهُ.)] A bane, or cause of mischief, that occurs in a thing; as also عَرَضٌ, q. v. (TA.) And ↓ شُبْهَةٌ عَارِضَةٌ A doubt, or dubiousness, occurring, or intervening, in the mind. (TA.) In the saying of 'Alee, يَقْدَحُ الشَّكُّ فِى مِنْ شُبْهَةٍ ↓ قَلْبِهِ بِأَوَّلِ عَارِضَةٍ, the word عارضة may perhaps be an inf. n., [or a quasi-inf. n.,] like عَاقِبَةٌ and عَافِيَةٌ: (TA:) [so that the meaning may be Doubt makes an impression upon his heart at the first occurrence of dubiousness. ] ― -b7- Whatever faces one, of a thing: (TA, and so in some copies of the K: in other copies of the K, this signification is given to ↓ عَارِضَةٌ:) or anything facing one. (O.) ― -b8- Intervening; preventing: an intervening, or a preventing, thing; an obstacle: (TA:) a thing that prevents one's going on; such as a mountain and the like. (Msb.) [Its application to a cloud, and some other applications to which reference has been made above, may be derived from this signification, or from that next preceding, or from the first.] ― -b9- I. q. عُرْضٌ, in the first of the senses assigned to this latter above; as also ↓ عَارِضَةٌ. (The former accord. to some copies of the K: the latter accord. to others: but both accord. to the TA.) ― -b10- What appears, of the face, (K,) or of the mouth, accord. to the L, (TA,) when one laughs. (L, K, TA: but in some copies of the K, and in the O, this signification is given to ↓ عَارِضَةٌ.) ― -b11- The side of the cheek (K, TA) of a man; (TA;) as also ↓ عَارِضَةٌ; (O, L, K;) the two sides of the two cheeks of a man being called the عَارِضَانِ, (Msb, TA,) or the ↓ عَارِضَتَانِ: (S:) the two sides of the face: (Lh, O, K:) or the side of the face; as also ↓ عَرُوضٌ; the two together being called the عَارِضَانِ: (Lh, TA:) or this last signifies the two sides of the mouth: or the two sides of the beard: pl. عَوَارِضُ. (TA.) خَفِيفُ العَارِضَيْنِ means Light, or scanty, in the hair of the two sides of the cheeks, (S, O, Msb,) and of the beard; (O;) being elliptical. (Msb.) But in a certain trad., in which a happy quality of a man is said to be خِفَّةُ عَارِضَيْهِ, the meaning is said to be (tropical:) His activity in praising and glorifying God; i. e. his not ceasing to move the sides of his cheeks by praising and glorifying God. (IAth, on the authority of El-Khattábee; and O.) ― -b12- The side of the neck; (K;) the two sides thereof being called the عَارِضَانِ: (IDrd, O:) pl. as above. (TA.) [See also عُرْضٌ, near the beginning.] ― -b13- The tooth that is in the side of the mouth: (TA; and K, as in some copies of the latter; but in other copies, this signification is given to ↓ عَارِضَةٌ:) pl. as above: (K:) or the side of the mouth; (S;) and so, as some say, عَوَارِضُ; (TA;) [meaning the teeth in the side of the mouth; for] you say اِمْرَأَةٌ نَقِيَّةُ العَارِضِ, (S,) and العَوَارِضِ, (TA,) a woman clean in the side of the mouth: (S, TA:) and Jereer describes a woman as polishing her عَارِضَانِ with a branch of a beshámeh, [a tree of which the twigs are used for cleaning the teeth,] meaning, as Aboo-Nasr says, the teeth that are after the central incisors, which latter are not of the عوارض: or, accord. to ISk, عَارِضٌ signifies the canine tooth and the ضِرْس [or bicuspid ] next thereto: or, as some say, what are between the central incisor and the [ first ] ضرس [which is a bicuspid ]: (S, O:) some say that the عوارض are the central incisors, as being [each] in the side of the mouth: others, that they are the teeth next to the sides of the mouth: others, that they are four teeth next to the canine teeth, and followed by the أَضْرَاس: Lh says that they are of the اضراس: others, that they are the teeth that are between the central incisors and the اضراس: and others, that they are eight teeth in each side; four above, and four below. (TA [from the O &c.].) -A2- عَارِضٌ as applied to a she-camel, or a sheep or goat: see the paragraph next following. -A3- Giving a thing, or the giver of a thing, in exchange, for (مِنْ) another thing. (TA.) ― -b2- A reviewer of an army, or of a body of soldiers, who makes them to pass by him, and examines their state. (S.) -A4- See also the next paragraph; last three sentences.

عَارِضَةٌ ذ : see عَارِضٌ, in eight places, from the sentence commencing with شُبْهَةٌ عَارِضَةٌ. ― -b2- A want; an object of need: (S:) and [in like manner] ↓ عَرُوضٌ a want, or an object of need, that has occurred to one: (S, O, K:) pl. of the former عَوَارِضُ. (S.) ↓ عَرُوض has the signification above assigned to it in the saying, فُلَانٌ رَكُوضٌ بِلَا عَرُوضٍ [ Such a one is running without any want that has occurred to him ]. (S, O. [In the K, in the place of ركوض, we find رَبُوضٌ, which I think a mistake.]) [In Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 555, we find ↓ رَكُوضٌ فِى كُلِّ عَرُوضٍ, which is expl. as meaning Running swiftly in every region; and said to be applied to him who disseminates evil, or mischief, among men.] -A2- A she-camel having a fracture or a disease, (S, O, K,) for which reason it is slaughtered; (S;) as also ↓ عَارِضٌ: (O, K:) and in like manner, a sheep or goat: (TA:) pl. عَوَارِضُ. (S.) It is opposed to عَبِيطٌ, which is one that is slaughtered without its having any malady. (S, O.) One says, بَنُو فُلَانٍ لَا يَأْكُلُونَ اـِلَّا العَوَارِضَ [ The sons of such a one do not eat any but camels such as are slaughtered on account of disease ]; reproaching them for not slaughtering camels except on account of disease befalling them. (S, O.) ― -b2- عَوَارِضُ, applied to camels, also signifies That eat the [ trees called ] عِضَاه, (S, L,) wherever they find them. (L.) -A3- [ A thing lying, or extending, across, or athwart; any cross piece of wood &c.: so in the present day.] ― -b2- The [ lintel, or] piece of wood which holds the عِضَادَتَانِ [or two side-posts ], above, of a door; corresponding to the أُسْكُفَّة [or threshold ]; (S, L;) the upper piece of wood in which the door turns. (O, K. [In some copies of the latter, this signification is erroneously given to عَارِضٌ.]) The عَارِضَتَانِ of a door are also [said to be] the same as the عِضَادَتَانِ. (TA, voce عَتَبَةٌ.) ― -b3- A [ rafter, or] single one of the عَوَارِض of a roof: (S, O, K: [but in some copies of the last, and in the TA, this signification is erroneously given to عَارِضٌ:]) the عوارض of a house are the pieces of wood of its roof, which are laid across; one of which is called عَارِضَةٌ: and عَارِضٌ [a mistranscription for عَوَارِضُ] also signifies the سَقَائِف [or pieces of wood which form the roof ] of a [ vehicle of the kind called ] مَحْمِل. (L.) -A4- Also, (S, and so in some copies of the K,) or ↓ عَارِضٌ, (as in other copies of the K,) or both, (TA,) Hardiness: (S, K, TA:) and this is what is meant by its being said, in [some copies of] the K, that عَارِضٌ is also syn. with عَارِضَةٌ; (TA;) [for in some copies of the K, after several explanations of العَارِضُ, we find وَالعَارِضَةُ وَالسِّنُّ الَّتِى فِى عُرْضِ الفَمِ; whereas, in other copies, the و before السِّنُّ is omitted:] courage; or courage and energy: (S, K, TA:) power of speech: (S:) perspicuity, or chasteness, of speech; and eloquence: (K, TA:) or the former signifies intuitive knowledge (بَدِيهَةٌ): or determination, resolution, or decision: (A:) and the trimming of speech or language, and the removal of its faults: and good judgment. (TA.) You say, فُلَانٌ ذُو عَارِضَةٍ (AZ, IDrd, S, O, TA) Such a one is possessed of hardiness; (S, TA;) as also ↓ ذو عَارِضٍ; (TA;) and of courage, or courage and energy; and of power of speech: (S:) or of eloquence, (AZ, IDrd, O,) and perspicuity, or chasteness, of speech. (IDrd, O.) And فُلَانٌ شَدِيدُ العَارِضَةِ Such a one is hardy; (Kh, O, TA;) as also ↓ شَدِيدُ العَارِضِ; (TA;) and courageous, or courageous and energetic. (Kh, TA.)

أَعْرَاضُ الكَلَامِ ذ : see مِعْرَاضٌ. ― -b2- أَعْرَاضٌ is pl. of عَرْضٌ and of عُرْضٌ and of عِرْضٌ and of عَرَضٌ. ― -b3- أَعْرَاضُ الشَّجَرِ means The upper parts of the trees [or shrubs ]. (K.)

مَعْرِضٌ ذ The place of the appearance, [or occurrence, ] and of the showing, or exhibiting, or manifesting, and of the mentioning, and of the intending, or purposing, of a thing. (Msb.) You say, قَتَلْتُهُ فِى مَعْرِضِ كَذَا I slew him in the place of the appearance [or occurrence &c.] of such a thing. (Msb.) And ذِكْرُ ا@للّٰهِ اـِنَّمَا يَكُونُ فِى مَعْرِضِ التَّعْظِيمِ The praise and glorification of God is only in the place [or case ] of the appearance, [or of the manifesting, ] and of the intending, or purposing, of magnifying. (Msb.) [And hence, فِى مَعْرِضِ كَذَا also signifies In the time, or case, or on the occasion, of the appearance, &c., of such a thing. And In the state, or condition, or manner, which is indicative of such a thing: thus virtually agreeing with the phrase فِى مِعْرَضِ كَذَا, q. v. infrà.] ― -b2- Also A place for the sale of slaves or beasts. (MA.) -A2- And Pasturage that renders the cattle in no need of their being fed with fodder. (TA.)

مُعْرِضٌ ذ Anything showing its breadth, or width; [or its side; as also ↓ عَارِضٌ.] (TA. See the latter word.) [And hence, Appearing, as also the latter.] And i. q. مُعْتَرِضٌ [app. as signifying Presenting itself; or occurring ]. (Sh.) And Anything putting its breadth, or width, [or side, (as is shown by an explanation of أَعْرَضَ,)] in one's power. (TA.) You say, الشَّىْءُ مُعْرِضٌ لَكَ, meaning The thing is in thy power; apparent to thee; not offering resistance to thee. (IAth, O. *) ― -b2- And طَأْ مُعْرِضًا حَيْثُ شِئْتَ [ Tread thou or] put thy feet where thou wilt, fearing nothing, for it is in thy power to do so. (S, O.) ― -b3- اِدَّانَ مُعْرِضًا (occurring in a saying of 'Omar, K, or, as some relate it, دَانَ مُعْرِضًا, K in art. دين,) means He bought upon credit, or borrowed, or sought or demanded a loan, [ doing so (TA)] of whomsoever he could, (AZ, S, A, Mgh, O,) not caring what might be the consequence: (S, O:) or addressing himself to any one who came in his way: (Sh, K:) or turning away from such as said Thou shalt not buy on credit, or borrow: (IAth:) or avoiding payment: (TA:) or from any quarter that was easy and practicable to him, without caring, (O, K,) and without being perplexed: (O:) or he incurred the debt without caring for not paying it, or for what might be the consequence: (As:) or he contracted a debt with every one who presented himself to him: (K in art. دين:) Sh says that the making معرضا to signify مُمْكِنًا is improbable; because it is in the accus. case as a denotative of state with respect to [the agent implied in the verb] ادّان; and if you explain it as meaning he took it from him who enabled him, then معرضا applies to him whom he accosts, for he is the ممكن; [he suggests also, that the meaning may be he bought upon credit, or borrowed, largely; for] he adds that معرضا may be from أَعْرَضَ ثَوْبُ المَلْبَسِ, signifying اِتَّسَعَ and عَرُضَ. (TA.) ― -b4- أَرْضٌ مُعْرِضَةٌ, or مُعْرَضَةٌ, (K, TA, [the former only in the CK,]) means Land wherein is herbage which the camels, or the like, depasture [app. at random ] when traversing it. (O, K.) -A2- See also مُعَرِّضٌ, last sentence.

مِعْرَضٌ ذ Garments in which girls are displayed: (S:) or a garment in which a girl is displayed: (O, K:) or a garment in which girls are displayed on the wedding-night; which is the goodliest of their apparel, or of the goodliest thereof: (Msb:) and a garment in which a girl is shown, or displayed, to the purchaser: (TA:) or the shirt in which a male slave, and a girl, is shown, displayed, exposed, or offered for sale. (Har p. 129.) [And hence, فِى مِعْرَضِ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) In the guise of such a thing, used tropically, virtually agreeing with the phrase فِى مَعْرِضِ كَذَا in a sense expl. above.] See also مِعْرَاضٌ, last sentence but one.

مُعَرَّضٌ ذ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v.] Camels (نَعَمٌ) branded with the mark called عِرَاض. (S, O, K.) -A2- Also Flesh-meat not well and thoroughly cooked: (ISk, S, O, K:) occurring in a verse (S, O) of Es-Suleyk Ibn-Es-Sulakeh, (O,) as some relate it; but accord. to others it is with ص; (S, O;) and this latter is the more correct. (O.) -A3- مُعَرَّضَةٌ A virgin before she is veiled, or concealed: for she is once exhibited to the people of the tribe in order that some one or more may become desirous of her, and then they veil her, or conceal her. (TA.)

مُعَرِّضٌ ذ [act. part. n. of 2, q. v.]. A poet describes a she-camel carrying dates, and having outgone the other camels, so that the crows, or ravens, alighted upon her, and ate the dates, as being مِنْ مُعَرِّضَاتِ الغِرْبَانِ, as though she were of those feeding the crows, or ravens, of what is termed عُرَاضَة, q. v. (S.) -A2- Also the circumciser of a boy: (K:) [or] so ↓ مُعْرِضٌ. (O:)

مِعْرَاضٌ ذ An arrow having no feathers (As, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) nor head, (As,) slender at the two extremities, and thick in the middle, (O, K,) being in form like the wooden implement wherewith cotton is separated from its seeds, or is separated and loosened [ by striking therewith the string of a bow ], (O, TA,) which goes sideways, (Mgh, [in the O and TA, مُسْتَوِيًا, app. a mistranscription, for مُسْتَعْرِضًا,]) striking with its عَرْض [or middle part, unless this be a mistake for عُرْض, or side ], (Mgh, [in my copy of which, عرض is without any vowel-sign,] and K,) not with its extremity: (Mgh, K:) sometimes, it strikes with its thick middle part in such a manner that it breaks and crushes what it strikes so that it is like the thing that is beaten to death; and if the object of the chase be near to it, it strikes it with the place of the head thereof: if it make a hole, the game smitten with it may be eaten; but not if it strike with a middle part (بِعَرْضٍ). (O, TA.) -A2- An oblique, indirect, obscure, ambiguous, or equivocal, mode of speech; as when thou askest a man, “ Hast thou seen such a one? ” and he, having seen him, and disliking to lie, answers, “ Verily such a one is seen: ” (Msb:) from عَرَّضَ [q. v.]: (Msb, El-Munáwee: the latter in explaining a trad., q. v. infrà:) i. q. تَوْرِيَةٌ [signifying as above; or the pretending one thing and meaning another; or the using a word, an expression, or a phrase, which has an obvious meaning, and intending thereby another meaning to which it applies but which is contrary to the obvious one ]; the original meaning of which is concealment: (Msb:) or language whereof one part resembles another in the meanings: (O, TA: [in the TA immediately follows the exemplification cited above, from the Msb; whence it seems that this explanation is itself somewhat of a معراض, meaning what it does not clearly express:]) or المَعَارِيضُ فِى الكَلَامِ [thus, with the pl. form, in two copies of the S, and in the TA,] signifies التَّوْرِيَةُ بِالشَّىْءِ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ [the pretending, or making believe, a thing instead of another thing ]: (S:) and مَعَارِضُ الكَلَامِ and ↓ أَعْرَاضُهُ signify the same as مَعَارِيضُهُ. (TA.) [مَعَارِضُ is a contraction of مَعَارِيضُ, like as مِعْرضٌ is said to be of مِعْرَاضٌ when syn. therewith.] It is said in a prov., (S,) a trad., (TA,) اـِنَّ فِى المَعَارِيضِ لَمَنْدُوحَةً عَنِ الكَذِبِ [ Verily, in oblique, indirect, obscure, ambiguous, or equivocal, modes of speech is ample scope, freedom, or liberty, (سَعَةٌ, S,) to avoid lying; or, as is said in the L in art. ندح, that which renders one in no need of lying ]. (S, Msb.) One says also, عَرَفْتُهُ فِى مِعْرَاضِ كَلَامِهِ, expl. voce عَرُوضٌ which see in three places, and كَلَامِهِ ↓ فِى مِعْرَضِ, rejecting the ا: this latter is said by some of the learned to be a metaphorical expression, from مِعْرَضٌ signifying the “ garment in which girls are displayed, ” as though the meaning were (tropical:) [ I knew it ] in the form, or manner, and guise, and mould, of his speech; but this does not obtain in all kinds of speech; for it may not be said in cases of reviling; indeed it would be bad, in these cases, to use as a metaphor the garment of adornment: therefore the proper way is to say that مِعْرَضٌ is a contraction of مِعْرَاضٌ. (Msb.) One also says الأَلْفَاظُ مَعَارِيضُ المَعَانِى (tropical:) [ Words are the robes of meanings ]: and this phrase also is [said to be] taken from مِعْرَضٌ signifying the “ garment in which a girl is displayed; ” because words adorn meanings. (TA.)

مُعَارِضٌ ذ A camel that does not go straightly in the file, or series, but takes to the right and left: (A:) or a she camel such as is termed عَلُوق; that makes a show of affection with her nose [ by smelling her young one ], (تَرْأَمُ بِأَنْفِهَا,) and refuses to yield her milk. (AA, O, K.)

سَحَابٌ مُعْتَرِضٌ فِى الأُفُقِ ذ : i. q. عَارِضٌ, q. v. ― -b2- [جُمْلَةٌ مُعْتَرِضَةٌ A parenthetic clause. ] ― -b3- فُلَانٌ مُعْتَرِضٌ فِى خُلُقِهِ [ Such a one is habitually cross, or perverse, in his disposition, in every case, ] is said of a man when everything of his affairs displeases thee. (TA.) ― -b4- هَوًى مُعْتَرِضٌ Love that befalls at first sight, and captivates the heart at once unless it quit it quickly as it seized it quickly. (Ham p. 551.)

عِرْضَنٌ ذ : -A2- and عِرَضْنَةٌ and عِرِضْنَةٌ: عِرَضْنَى and its dim. عُرَيْضِنٌ: see art. عرض.

عَرْطَبَةٌ ذ The lute: (S, O, * K: *) or the [ kind of mandoline called ] طُنْبُور: (O, K:) or the [ Persian lute, called ] بَرْبَط: (O:) or the drum: (S, K:) or the drum that is contracted in the middle: (O:) or the Abyssinian drum: (K:) also pronounced with damm [i. e. عُرْطُبَةٌ] (K, TA) in the first two senses. (TA.)

1 عَرَفَهُ ذ , (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. عَرِفَ , (O, K,) inf. n. مَعْرِفَةٌ (S, O, K) and عِرْفَانٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِرِفَّانٌ (K) and عِرْفَةٌ, (Msb, K,) or مَعْرِفَةٌ is a simple subst., (Msb,) He knew it; he had cognition of it; or he was, or became, acquainted with it; syn. عَلِمَهُ: (K:) or he knew it (عَلِمَهُ) by means of any of the five senses; (Msb;) [and also, by mental perception: ] Er-Rághib says, المَعْرِفَةُ is the perceiving a thing by reflection, and by consideration of the effect thereof [ upon the mind or sense ], so that it has a more special meaning than العِلْمُ, and its contr. is الاـِنْكَارُ; and one says, فُلَانٌ يَعْرِفُ ا@للّٰهَ وَرَسُولَهُ [ Such a one knows God and his apostle ], but one does not say يَعْلَمُ ا@للّٰهَ, making the verb [thus] to have a single objective complement, since man's مَعْرِفَة [or knowledge] of God is [the result of] the consideration of his effects, without the perception of his essence; and one says, اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ كَذَا, but not يَعْرِفُ كذا, since المَعْرِفَةُ is used in relation to عِلْم [or knowledge] which is defective, to which one attains by reflection: it is from عَرَفْتُهُ meaning I found, or experienced, its عَرْف i. e. odour; or as meaning I attained its عُرْف i. e. limit: (TA:) it is said in the B that المَعْرِفَةُ differs from العِلْمُ, in meaning, in several ways: the former concerns the thing itself [which is its object;] whereas the latter concerns the states, or conditions, or qualities, thereof: also the former generally denotes the perceiving a thing as a thing that has been absent from the mind, thus differing from the latter; therefore the contr. of the former is الاـِنْكَارُ, and the contr. of the latter is الجَهْلُ; and the former is the knowing a thing itself as distinguished from other things; whereas the latter concerns a thing collectively with other things: (TA in art. علم:) and sometimes they put ↓ اعترف in the place of عَرَفَ; (S, O;) [i. e.] اعترف الشَّىْءَ signifies عَرَفَهُ: (Mgh, K:) and so, sometimes, does ↓ استعرفُه. (Har p. 486.) ― -b2- And عَرَفَ is also used in the place of اعترف [in the first of the senses assigned to the latter below]. (S, O.) See the latter verb, in four places. ― -b3- عَرَفَهُ also signifies He requited him. (O, K.) Ks read, (O, K,) and so five others, (Az, TA,) in the Kur [lxvi. 3], (O,) عَرَفَ بَعْضَهُ, meaning He requited her, namely, Hafsah, for part [ thereof, i. e.] of what she had done: (Fr, O, K:) and he did so indeed by divorcing her: (Fr, TA:) or it means he acknowledged part thereof: (K:) but others read بَعْضَهُ ↓ عَرَّفَ, which, likewise, has the former of the two meanings expl. above: (Bd:) or this means he told Hafsah part thereof. (Fr, O, Bd, * TA. [See also 2.]) As first expl. above, this phrase is like the saying to him who does good or who does evil, أَنَا أَعْرِفُ لأَهْلِ الاـِحْسَانِ وَأَعْرِفُ لِأَهْلِ الاـِسَاآءَةِ, (O,) or لِلْمُحْسِنِ وَالمُسِىْءِ, (K,) [ I know how to requite the doer of good and the doer of evil, ] i. e. the case of the doer of good and that of the doer of evil are not hidden from me nor is the suitable requital of him. (O, K.) لَأَعْرِفَنَّكَهَا عَنْدَ رَسُولِ ا@للّٰهِ occurs in a trad., meaning I will assuredly requite thee for it in the presence of the Apostle of God so that he shall know thy evil-doing: and is used in threatening. (TA.) -A2- عَرَفَ الفَرَسَ, (S, O, K,) aor. عَرِفَ , (O,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (O, K,) He clipped the عُرْف [i. e. mane ] of the horse. (S, O, K.) -A3- عَرَفْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ, aor. عَرُفَ , inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, I was, or became, عَرِيف over the people, or party; i. e., manager, or orderer, of their affairs; as also عَرُفْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ: (Msb:) or عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَاعَةٌ, signifies he was, or became, an عَرِيف; (S, O, K;) as also عَرَفَ, aor. عَرِفَ ; (K;) i. e., a نَقِيب: (S, O:) and when you mean that he acted as an عَرِيف, you say, عَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا سِنِينَ, aor. عَرُفَ , inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, [ he acted over us as an عريف during some years, ] like كَتَبَ, aor. يَكْتُبُ, inf. n. كِتَابَةٌ. (S, O, K. *) -A4- عَرَفَ لِلْأَمْرِ, aor. عَرِفَ , He was patient in relation to the affair, or event; (K;) as also ↓ اعترف, (O, K,) as some say. (O.) And عُرِفَ عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ He was patient on the occasion of the affliction, or misfortune. (TA.) ― -b2- And عَرَفَ He was, or became, submissive, or tractable; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA;) and so ↓ اعترف, (IAar, O, K,) said of a man, (IAar, O,) and of a beast that one rides. (O.) -A5- عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَافَةٌ, He (a man) was, or became, pleasant, or sweet, in his odour. (TA.) And ↓ اعرف, said of food, It was sweet in its عَرْف, i. e. odour. (TA.) ― -b2- عَرِفَ He (a man, TA) made much use of perfume. (IAar, O, K.) ― -b3- And He relinquished, or abstained from, perfume. (IAar, O.) -A6- عُرِفَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (K, TA,) accord. to one or more of the copies of the K عِرْفَانٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, O) had a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm ] of his hand. (S, O, K.)

2 تَعْرِيفٌ ذ signifies The making to know; syn. اـِعْلَامٌ: (S, O, K, TA:) [or rather it has a more restricted signification than the latter word, as is indicated in the preceding paragraph:] and in this sense its verb may have two objective complements: one says, عرّفهُ الأَمْرَ He made him to know the affair, or case; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ اـِيَّاهُ: [or he acquainted him with it; or told him of it: ] and عرّفهُ بَيْتَهُ He made him to know, or acquainted him with, the place of his house, or tent; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ بِمَكَانِهِ: (TA:) [and] one says عَرَّفْتُهُ بِهِ, meaning I made him to know it by means of any of the five senses [or by mental perception; as also عَرَّفْتُهُ اـِيَّاهُ]. (Msb.) See also 1, former half. And see 4. ― -b2- Also The making known; contr. of تَنْكِيرٌ. (O, K.) عَرَّفَ بَعْضَهُ, in the Kur [lxvi. 3], has been expl. as meaning He made known part thereof. (TA. [For other explanations, see 1.]) And عَرَّفْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ means I made him known by the name of Zeyd; like the phrase سَمَّيْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ. (Sb, TA.) ― -b3- [Hence, The explaining a term: and an explanation thereof: thus used, its pl. is تَعْرِيفَاتٌ: it has a less restricted meaning than حَدٌّ, which signifies the “ defining, ” and “ a definition. ” ― -b4- And The making a noun, or a nominal proposition, determinate. ― -b5- Hence also,] The crying a stray-beast, or a beast or some other thing that has been lost; (S, TA;) the mentioning it [ and describing it] and seeking to find him who had knowledge of it. (TA.) ― -b6- And [hence likewise,] عرّفهُ بِذَنْبِهِ He branded him, or stigmatized him, with his misdeed. (TA.) -A2- Also The rendering [a thing] fragrant; (S, O, * K, * TA;) from العَرْفُ: (S:) and the adorning [it], decorating [it], or embellishing [it]. (TA.) عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ, in the Kur [xlvii. 7], is said to mean He hath rendered it fragrant [i. e. Paradise (الجَنَّة)] for them: (S, O:) or it means He hath described it to them so that, when they enter it, they shall know it by that description, or so that they shall know their places of abode therein: (O:) or He hath described it to them, and made them desirous of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [and the like is said by Bd:] or He hath defined it for them so that there shall be for every one a distinct paradise. (Bd.) ― -b2- One says also, عرّف رَأْسَهُ بِالدُّهْنِ He moistened the hair of his head abundantly with oil, or with the oil; syn. رَوَّاهُ. (TA.) ― -b3- And عرّف طَعَامَهُ He made his food to have much seasoning, or condiment. (TA.) -A3- Also The halting [of the pilgrims] at 'Arafát. (S, O, K.) You say, عرّفوا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. as above, They halted at 'Arafát; (Mgh, Msb;) or they were present at 'Arafát; (S, O.) And [hence], in a postclassical sense, They imitated the people of 'Arafát, in some other place, by going forth to the desert and there praying, and humbling themselves, or offering earnest supplication; (Mgh;) or by assembling in their mosques to pray and to beg forgiveness: (Har p. 672:) the first who did this was Ibn-'Abbás, at El-Basrah. (Mgh, and Har ubi suprá.) And عرّف بِالهَدْىِ He brought the animal for sacrifice to 'Arafát. (Mgh.) -A4- عرّف الشَّرَّ بَيْنَهُمْ He excited evil, or mischief, between them, or among them: the verb in this phrase being formed by permutation from أَ َّ ثَ. (Yaakoob, TA.)

4 اعرف فُلَانًا ذ He told such a one of his misdeed, then forgave him; and so ↓ عرّفهُ. (TA.) -A2- اعرف (said of a horse, S, O) He had a long عُرْف [or mane ]. (S, O, K.) -A3- See also 1, near the end.

5 تعرّف ذ It was, or became, known. (Har p. 6.) ― -b2- And تعرّف اـِلَيْهِ He made himself known to him; (TA;) [and so ↓ استعرف; for] you say, أَتَيْتُ مُتَنَكِّرًا ثُمَّ ا@سْتَعْرَفْتُ i. e. [ I came disguising myself, or assuming an unknown appearance, then ] I made known who I was: (L:) and اِئْتِ فُلَانًا فَا@سْتَعْرِفْ اـِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَكَ [ Come thou to such a one and make thyself known to him, that he may know thee ]. (S, O, K. *) [See also 8.] ― -b3- [Hence,] one says, تعرّف اـِلَى ا@للّٰهِ بِالعِبَادَاتِ وَالأَدْعِيَةِ [ He made himself known to God by religious services and prayers ]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And تَعَرَّفْ اـِلَى ا@للّٰهِ فِى الرَّخَاآءِ يَعْرِفْكَ فِى الشِّدَّةَ, occurring in a saying of the Prophet to Ibn-'Abbás, [may be rendered Make thyself known to God by obedience in ampleness of circumstances, then He will acknowledge thee in straitness: or] means render thou obedience to God [&c., then] He will requite thee [&c.]. (O.) -A2- تعرّفهُ [ He acquainted himself, or made himself acquainted, with it, or him; informed himself of it; learned it; and discovered it: often used in these senses: for an instance of the last, see تَفَرَّسَ: it is similar to تَعَلَّمَهُ, but more restricted in meaning. ― -b2- And] He sought the knowledge of it: (Har p. 6:) [or he did so leisurely, or repeatedly, and effectually: ] you say, تَعَرَّفْتُ مَا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ I sought leisurely, or repeatedly, after the knowledge of what such a one possessed until I knew it. (S, O, K. *) ― -b3- And تعرّفهُ المَكَانَ, and فِى المَكَانِ, He looked at it, endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge thereof, in the place; syn. تَأَمَّلَهُ بِهِ. (TA.) -A3- [تَعَرُّفٌ is also expl. in the KL by the Pers. words بعرف كارى كردن, app. meaning The acting with عُرْف i. e. goodness, &c.: but Golius has hence rendered the verb “ convenienter opus fecit. ”]

6 تعارفوا ذ They knew, or were acquainted with, one another. (S, O, K.) ― -b2- And i. q. تَفَاخَرُوا [i. e. They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, &c.; or simply they vied, one with another ]: it occurs in a trad., or, as some relate it, with ز; and both are expl. as having this meaning. (TA.)

8 اعترف بِهِ ذ He acknowledged it, or confessed it, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) namely, a misdeed, (S, O,) or a thing; (Mgh, Msb;) and so به ↓ عَرَفَ and لَهُ, namely, his misdeed [&c.]; (K;) [for] sometimes they put عَرَفَ in the place of اعترف; (O;) and so ↓ عَرَفَهُ: (Ksh and Bd and Jel in xvi. 85:) [الاـِحْسَانِ ↓ عِرْفَانُ (occurring in the K voce شُكْرٌ &c.) means The acknowledgment, or confession, of beneficence; thankfulness, or gratitude: ] and one says, لأَِحَدٍ يَصْرَعُنِى ↓ مَا أَعْرِفُ (S, O, TA) i. e. ما أَعْتَرِفُ, (S, O,) meaning I do not acknowledge [ any one that will throw me down ]: this was said by an Arab of the desert. (TA.) ― -b2- اعترف اـِلَىَّ He acquainted me with his name and condition. (K.) And اعترف لَهُ He described himself to him in such a manner as that he would certify himself of him thereby. (TA.) [See also 5.] ― -b3- اعترف also signifies He described a thing that had been picked up, and a stray-beast, in such a manner as that he would be known to be its owner. (TA.) ― -b4- And you say, اِعْتَرَفْتُ القَوْمَ, (S, O,) or فُلَانًا, (K,) I asked the people, or party, (S, O,) or such a one, (K,) respecting a subject of information, in order that I might know it. (S, O, K.) ― -b5- See also 1, former half. -A2- And see 1, last quarter, in two places.

10 استعرف ذ [ He sought, or desired, knowledge; or asked if any had knowledge; of a person or thing: a meaning clearly shown in the M by an explanation of a verse cited in art. بلو, conj. 8, q. v.]. ― -b2- استعرف اـِلَيْهِ: see 5. Also He mentioned his relationship, lineage, or genealogy, to him. (TA.) ― -b3- استعرفهُ: see 1, former half.

12 اِعْرَوْرَفَ ذ He (a horse, TA) had a mane (عُرْف). (S, O, TA.) ― -b2- اعرورف الفَرَسَ He (a man, O) mounted upon the mane (عُرْف) of the horse. (O, K. [In the CK, والفَرَسُ عَلا عُرْفُهُ is erroneously put for وَالفَرَسَ عَلَا عَلَى عُرْفِهِ.]) ― -b3- And اعرورف (said of a man, K) (assumed tropical:) He rose upon the أَعْرَاف [pl. of عُرْفٌ, and app. here meaning the wall between Paradise and Hell: (see the Kur vii. 44:) probably used in this sense in a trad.]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) ― -b4- Said of the sea, (tropical:) Its waves became high, (S, O, K, TA,) like the عُرْف [or mane ]: and in like manner said of the torrent, (tropical:) It became heapy and high. (TA.) ― -b5- Said of blood, (assumed tropical:) It had froth (O, K) like the عُرْف [or mane ]. (O.) ― -b6- Said of palm-trees (نَخْل), (tropical:) They became dense, and luxuriant, or abundant, or thickly intermixed, like the عُرْف [or mane ] of the hyena. (O, K, TA.) ― -b7- And, said of a man, (tropical:) He prepared himself for evil, or mischief, (S, O, K, TA,) and raised his head, or stretched forth his neck, for that purpose. (TA.) [See also 12 in art. عزف.]

عَرْفٌ ذ An odour, whether fragrant or fetid, (S, O, K, TA,) in most instances the former, (K, TA,) as when it is used in relation to Paradise: (TA:) and ↓ عَرْفَةٌ signifies [the same, i. e.] رِيحٌ (K, TK) and رَائِحَةٌ. (TK.) One says, ما أَطْيَبَ عَرْفَهُ [ How fragrant is its odour! ]. (S, O.) And لَا يَعْجِزُ مَسْكُ السَّوْءِ عَنْ عَرْفِ السَّوْءِ [ The bad hide will not lack the fetid odour ]; (S, O, K;) a prov.; (S, O;) applied to the low, ignoble, mean, or sordid, who will not cease from his evil doing; he being likened to the hide that is not fit for being tanned; (O, K;) wherefore it is cast aside, and becomes fetid. (O.) And some read, in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], وَا@لْمُرْسَلَاتِ عَرْفًا, [as meaning By the winds that are sent forth with fragrance, ] instead of عُرْفًا. (TA.) -A2- Also A certain plant: or the ثُمَام [or panic grass ]: (K:) or a certain plant, not of the [ kind called ] حَمْض, nor of the [ kind called ] عِضَاه; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L, K;) of the [ kind called ] ثُمَام. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L.)

عُرْفٌ ذ [ Acknowledgment, or confession; ] a subst. from الاِعْتِرَافُ, (S, O, K, TA,) as meaning الاـِقْرَارُ. (TA.) Hence, (S, O,) you say, (K,) لَهُ عَلَىَّ أَلْفٌ عُرْفًا, meaning اِعْتِرَافًا [i. e. A thousand is due to him on my part by acknowlegment, or confession ]; (S, O, * K;) the last word being a corroborative. (S, O.) ― -b2- Also i. q. ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَارِفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. is عَوَارِفُ; (O, K;) عُرْفٌ being contr. of نُكْرٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ being contr. of مُنْكَرٌ [as syn. with نُكْرٌ]; (S, Mgh, O, K;) i. e. Goodness, or a good quality or action; and gentleness, or lenity; and beneficence, [ favour, kindness, or bounty, ] or a benefit, a benefaction, or an act of beneficence [or favour or kindness ]: (Msb:) عُرْفٌ is also expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty; (K, TA;) and so ↓ عُرُفٌ, which is a dial. var. thereof: (TA:) and a thing liberally, or freely, bestowed; or given: (K:) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ is expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty, when it is with moderation, or with a right and just aim: [and sometimes it means simply moderation: ] and sincere, or honest, advice or counsel or action: and good fellowship with one's family and with others of mankind: it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and signifies any action, or deed, of which the goodness is known by reason and by the law; and مُنْكَرٌ signifies the contr. thereof. (Er-Rághib, TA.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 198], وَأْمُرْ بِا@لْعُرْفِ, (O,) meaning [ And enjoin thou goodness, &c., or] what is deemed good, or approved, of actions. (Bd.) And you say, أَوْلَاهُ عُرْفًا, (S, O,) or ↓ عَارِفَةً, (TA,) meaning ↓ مَعْرُوفًا [i. e. He did to him, or conferred upon him, a benefit, &c.]. (S, O, TA.) وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ ↓ مَتَاعٌ بِا@لْمَعْرُوفِ [in the Kur ii. 242] means [ And for the divorced women there shall be a provision of necessaries ] with moderation, or right and just aim, and beneficence. (TA.) And ↓ قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى [in the same, ii. 265,] means Refusal with pleasing [or gracious ] speech, (Bd, Jel, TA,) and prayer [expressed to the beggar, that God may sustain him,] (TA,) and forgiveness granted to the beggar for his importunity (Bd, Jel) or obtained by such refusal from God or from the beggar, (Bd,) are better than an alms which annoyance follows (TA) by reproach for a benefit conferred and for begging. (Jel.) And مَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ ↓ بِا@لْمَعْرُوفِ [in the same, iv. 6,] means [ And such as is poor, let him take for himself (lit. eat )] according to what is approved by reason and by the law, (TA,) or according to his need (Bd) and the recompense of his labour. (Bd, Jel.) ― -b3- [العُرْفُ, in lexicology, signifies The commonly-known, commonly-received, or common conventional, language; common parlance, or common usage: mostly meaning that of a whole people; in which case, the epithet العَامُّ is sometimes added: but often meaning that of a particular class; as, for instance, of the lawyers. Hence the terms حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفًا and مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا, expl. in arts. حق and جوز. See also مُتَعَارَفٌ: and see عَادَةٌ.] -A2- Also The عُرْف of the horse; (S, O;) [i. e. the mane; ] the hair (Mgh, Msb, K) that grows on the ridge (Msb) of the neck of the horse (Mgh, Msb, K) or similar beast; (Msb;) as also ↓ عُرُفٌ: (K:) [see also مَعْرَفَةٌ:] or the part, of the neck, which is the place of growth of the hair: [see again مَعْرَفَةٌ:] and the part, of the neck [of a bird], which is the place of growth of the feathers: (TA:) [or the feathers themselves of the neck; used in this sense in the K and TA in art. برل, as is shown by the context therein:] and the [ comb or] elongated piece of flesh on the upper part of the head of a cock; to which the بَظْر of a girl is likened: (Msb:) pl. أَعْرَافٌ [properly a pl. of pauc.] (O, TA) and عُرُوفٌ. (TA.) As used it in relation to a man, explaining the phrase جَاآءَ فُلَانٌ مُبْرَثِلًّا لِلشَّرِّ as meaning نَافِشًا عُرْفَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) Such a one came as though ruffling the feathers of his neck to do evil, or mischief ]. (TA.) And [hence] it is said in a trad., جَاؤُوا كَأَنَّهُمْ عُرُفٌ (assumed tropical:) [ They came as though they were a mane ], meaning, following one another. (TA.) And one says, جَاآء القَوْمُ عُرْفًا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [ The people, or party, came ] one after another: like the saying, طَارَ القَطَا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [ The sand-grouse flew ] one after another. (K.) And hence, وَا@لْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا, (S, O, K,) in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], a metaphorical phrase, from the عُرْف of the horse, meaning (tropical:) [ By the angels, or the winds, that are sent forth ] consecutively, like [ the several portions of ] the عُرْف [or mane ] of the horse: (S, O:) or the meaning is, sent forth بِا@لْمَعْرُوفِ, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. with beneficence, or benefit: (TA:) [for further explanations, see the expositions of Z and Bd or others: and see also art. رسل:] some read عَرْفًا [expl. in the next preceding paragraph]. (TA.) ― -b2- [Hence also,] (tropical:) The waves of the sea. (K, TA.) ― -b3- And (assumed tropical:) Elevated sand; as also ↓ عُرُفٌ and ↓ عُرْفَةٌ: pl. (of the last, TA) عُرَفٌ and (of the first, TA) أَعْرَافٌ: (S, O, K:) and all signify likewise (assumed tropical:) an elevated place: (K:) and the first, (assumed tropical:) the elevated, or overtopping, back of a portion of sand, (K, TA,) and of a mountain, and of anything high: and (assumed tropical:) an elevated portion of the earth or ground: and [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (assumed tropical:) the حَرْث [meaning land ploughed, or prepared, for sowing ] that is upon the [ channels for irrigation that are called ] فُلْجَان [pl. of فَلَجٌ] and قَوَائِد [pl. of قَائِدٌ]. (TA.) ― -b4- [The pl.] الأَعْرَافُ, (S, O, K,) mentioned in the Kur [vii. 44 and 46], (S, O,) is applied to (assumed tropical:) A wall between Paradise and Hell: (S, O, [...]

عِرْفٌ ذ , with kesr, is from the saying, مَا عَرَفَ عِرْفِى اـِلَّا بِأَخَرَةٍ, (S, O,) which means He did not know me save at the last, or lastly, or latterly. (S, O, K.) -A2- And it signifies Patience. (IAar, O, K.) A poet says, (namely Aboo-Dahbal ElJumahee, TA,) قُلْ لِا@بْنِ قَيْسٍ أَخِى الرُّقَيَّاتِ مَا أَحْسَنَ العِرْفَ فِى المُصِيبَاتِ [ Say thou to the son of Keys, the brother of Er-Rukeiyat, How good is patience in afflictions! ]. (IAar, O, TA.)

عُرُفٌ ذ : see عُرْفٌ, in three places.

عَرْفَةٌ ذ A question, or questioning, respecting a subject of information, in order to know it; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عِرْفَةٌ. (K, TA.) -A2- See also عَرْفٌ. -A3- Also A purulent pustule that comes forth in the whiteness [or palm ] of the hand. (ISk, S, O, K.)

عُرْفَةٌ ذ : see عُرْفٌ, latter half. ― -b2- Also An open, elongated, tract of land, producing plants, or herbage. (O, K.) ― -b3- Also, (O, K,) and ↓ عُرْفٌ, (TA,) A limit (O, K, TA) between two things: (K:) [like أُرْفَةٌ:] pl. of the former عُرَفٌ. (O, K, TA.)

عِرْفَةٌ ذ [an inf. n.] I. q. مَعْرِفَةٌ. (O, K. [See 1, first sentence. In the O, it seems to be regarded as a simple subst.]) ― -b2- See also عَرْفَةٌ.

يَوْمُ عَرَفَهَ ذ The ninth day of [ the month ] ذُو الحِجَّة [ when the pilgrims halt at عَرَفَات]: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) the latter word being without tenween, (S, O,) imperfectly decl., because it is of the fem. gender and a proper name, (Msb,) and not admitting the art. ال. (S, O, Msb.) ― -b2- See also the next paragraph.

عَرَفَاتٌ ذ The place [or mountain ] where the pilgrims halt (Mgh, O, Msb, K) on the day of عَرَفَة [above mentioned], (O, K,) [described by Burckhardt as a granite hill, about a mile, or a mile and a half, in circuit, with sloping sides, rising nearly two hundred feet above the level of the adjacent plain,] said to be nine miles, (Msb,) or twelve miles, (K,) from Mekkeh; (Msb, K;) said by J to be a place in, or at, Minè, but incorrectly, (K, TA,) unless thereby be meant near Minè; (TA;) also called by some ↓ عَرَفَةُ; (Mgh, Msb;) but the saying نَزَلْنَا عَرَفَةَ, (S, O, K,) or نَزَلْتُ بِعَرَفَةَ, (Msb,) [ We, or I, alighted at عَرَفَة,] is like a post-classical phrase, (S, O, K,) and (S, O) it is said to be (Msb) not genuine Arabic: (S, O, Msb:) عَرَفَاتٌ is a [proper] name in the pl. form, and therefore is not itself pluralized: (S, O, K:) it is as though the term عَرَفَةٌ applied to every distinct portion thereof: (TA:) as Fr says, it has, correctly, no sing.; (S, O;) and it is determinate as denoting a particular place; (Sb, S, O, K, TA;) and therefore not admitting the article ال; (Sb, TA;) differing from الزَّيْدُونَ [because this is a proper name common to a number of persons]: you say, هٰؤُلَاآءِ عَرَفَاتٌ حَسَنَةً [lit. These are 'Arafát, in a good state ], putting the epithet in the accus. case because it is indeterminate [as a denotative of state, like مُصَدِّقًا in the saying وَهُوَ الحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ, in the Kur ii. 85]: (S, O:) it is decl. (مَصْرُوفَةٌ [more properly مُعْرَبَةٌ]) because the ت is equivalent to the ى and و in مُسْلِمِينَ and مُسْلِمُونَ, (S, O, K,) the tenween becoming equivalent to the ن, therefore, being used as a proper name, it is left in its original state, like as is مُسْلِمُونَ when used as a proper name: (Akh, S, O, K:) [i. e.,] it is decl. in the manner of مُسْلِمَاتٌ and مُؤْمِنَاتٌ, the tenween being like that which corresponds to the masc. pl. termination ن, not the tenween of perfect declinability, because it is a proper name and of the fem. gender, wherefore it does not admit the article ال. (Msb.) عَرَفَاتٌ was thus named because Adam and Eve knew each other (تَعَارَفَا) there (IF, O, K, TA) after their descent from Paradise: (TA:) or because Gabriel, when he taught Abraham the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, said to him “ Hast thou known? ” (أَعَرَفْتَ), (O, K,) and he replied “ I have known ” (عَرَفْتُ): (K:) or because it is a place sanctified and magnified, as though it were rendered fragrant (عُرِّفَ i. e. طُيِّبَ): (O, K:) or because the people know one another (يَتَعَارَفُونَ) there: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, because of men's making themselves known (نِتَعَرُّفِ العِبَادِ) there by religious services and prayers. (TA.)

[ عُرْفِىٌّ ذ Of, or relating to, العُرْفُ as meaning the commonly-known or commonly-received or conventional language, or common parlance, or common usage. Hence حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ and مَجَازٌ عُرْفِىٌّ, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.]

عَرَفِىٌّ ذ Of, or relating to, عَرَفَات. (O, K.)

عِرِفَّانٌ ذ , (O, K,) accord. to Th, A man (O) who acknowledges, or confesses, a thing, and directs to it, or indicates it; (O, K;) thus expl. as an epithet, though Sb mentions his not knowing it as an epithet; (O;) occurring in a poem of Er-Rá'ee, and expl. by some as the name of a companion of his: (O, K: *) and عُرُفَّانٌ signifies the same; (K;) but this is said by Sb to be a word transferred from the category of proper names. (O.) -A2- Also the latter, (O,) or both, (K,) A small creeping thing that is found in the sands of 'Álij and of Ed-Dahnà: (O, K:) or a large [ sort of locust, or the like, such as is termed ] جُنْدَب, resembling the جَرَادَة, (AHn, K, TA,) having a crest (لَهُ عُرْفٌ), (AHn, TA,) not found save upon [ one or the other of two species of plants, i. e.] a رِمْثَة or an عُنْظُوَانَة: (AHn, K, TA:) but AHn mentions only the latter form of the word, عُرُفَّانٌ. (TA.)

عَرُوفٌ ذ : see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرِيفٌ ذ : see عَارِفٌ, first sentence. ― -b2- [Hence,] One who knows his companions: pl. عُرَفَاآءُ. (O, K.) The chief, or head, (Mgh, K, TA,) of a people, or party; (K, TA;) because he knows the states, or conditions, of those over whom he acts as such; (Mgh;) or because he is known as such [so that it is from the same word in the last of the senses assigned to it in this paragraph]; (K;) or because of his acquaintance with the ordering, or management, of them: (TA:) or the نَقِيب [or intendant, superintendent, overseer, or inspector, who takes cognizance of, and is responsible for, the actions of a people], who is below the رَئِيس: (S, O, K:) or the manager and superintendent of the affairs, who acquaints himself with the circumstances, or a tribe, or of a company of men; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) or the orderer, or manager, of the affairs of a people, or party; as also ↓ عَارِفٌ: (Msb:) pl. as above: (S, IAth, Msb:) it is said that he is over a few persons, and the مَنْكِب is over five عُرَقَاآء, then the أَمِير is over these. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. that the عُرَفَاآء are in Hell, as a caution against undertaking the office of chief, or head, on account of the trial that is therein; for when one does not perform the duty thereof, he sins, and deserves punishment. (TA.) ― -b3- [It is now used as meaning A monitor in a school, who hears the lessons of the other scholars. ] -A2- See also مَعْرُوفٌ, with which it is syn.

عِرَافَةٌ ذ The holding, and the exercising, of the office of عَرِيف. (S, Mgh, * O, Msb, * K. [An inf. n.: see 1, in the middle of the latter half.])

عَرُوفَةٌ ذ : see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرَّافٌ ذ A كَاهِن [or diviner ]: (S, O, Msb, K:) or the former is one who informs of the past, and the latter is one who informs of the past and of the future: (Msb:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, [but the converse of his explanation seems to be that which is correct,] the former is one who informs of future events, and the latter is one who informs of past events. (TA.) Hence the saying of the Prophet, that whoso comes to an عرّاف and asks him respecting a thing, prayer of forty nights will not be accepted from him. (O.) ― -b2- And (Msb) An astrologer, (IAth, Mgh, Msb,) who lays claim to the knowledge of hidden, or invisible, things, (IAth, Mgh,) which God has made to belong exclusively to Himself: (IAth:) and this is [said to be] meant in the trad. above mentioned. (Mgh.) ― -b3- And A physician. (S, O, K.) ― -b4- And One who smells [for يسم I read يَشُمُّ] the ground, and thus knows the places of water, and knows in what country, or district, he is. (ISh, in TA, art. حزى.)

عَارِفٌ ذ and ↓ عَرِيفٌ are syn., (S, O, K,) like عَالِمٌ and عَلِيمٌ, (S, O,) signifying Knowing; [&c., agreeably with the explanations of the verb in the first quarter of the first paragraph of this art.;] as also ↓ عَرُوفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) but in an intensive sense, which is denoted by the ة, (S, O, TA,) meaning [ knowing, &c., much, or well; or] knowing, or acquainted with, affairs, and not failing to know [or recognise ] one that has been seen once; (TA;) as in the phrase, بِالأُمُوِر ↓ رَجُلٌ عَرُوفَةٌ [ A man much, or well, acquainted with affairs ]. (S, O.) ― -b2- For the first, see also عَرِيفٌ. ― -b3- It also signifies particularly [ Skilled in divine things; ] possessing knowledge of God, and of his kingdom, and of the way of dealing well with Him. (TA.) ― -b4- See also مَعْرُوفٌ. -A2- Also, the first, [ Patient; or] very patient, or having much patience; syn. صَبُورٌ; (AO, S, O, K;) and so ↓ عَرُوفٌ; (S, O, K;) of which latter the pl. is عُرْفٌ. (K.) One says, أُصِيبَ فُلَانٌ فَوُجِدَ عَارِفًا [ Such a one was smitten, or afflicted, and was found to be patient ]. (S, O.) And حَبَسْتُ نَفْسًا عَارِفَةً, meaning صَابِرَةً [i. e. I restrained a patient soul, or mind ]: (O, TA:) like the phrase صَبَرْتُ عَارِفَةً in a verse of 'Antarah [cited in the first paragraph of art. صبر]. (S, * O.) And ↓ نَفْسٌ عَرُوفٌ means [ A soul, or mind, ] enduring; very patient; that endures an event, or a case, when made to experience it. (TA.) عَوَارِفُ [is pl. of عَارِفَةٌ, and] means Patient she-camels. (IB, TA.)

عَارِفَةٌ ذ as a subst.; pl. عَوَارِفُ: see عُرْفٌ, first quarter, in two places.

عُوَيْرِفٌ ذ [dim. of عَارِفٌ, i. e. signifying One possessing little knowledge &c.]. One says of him in whom is a sin, or crime, مَا هُوَ اـِلَّا عُوَيْرِفٌ [ He is none other than one possessing little knowledge ]. (TA.)

أَعْرَفَ ذ is mentioned in “ the Book ” of Sb as used in the phrase هٰذَا أَعْرَفَ مِنْ هٰذَا [meaning This is more known than this ]: irregularly formed from مَعْرُوفٌ, not from عَارِفٌ. (ISd, TA.) -A2- Also A thing having what is termed عُرْف [i. e. a mane, or the like ]: (S, O, K:) fem. عَرْفَاآءُ: pl., masc. and fem., عُرْفٌ. (K.) It is applied to a horse, (Mgh, K, TA,) meaning Having a full mane, or much hair of the mane. (Mgh, TA.) And to a serpent (O, K) such as is termed شَيْطَان [which is described as having an عُرْف]. (O.) And the fem. is applied to a she-camel, (K, TA,) meaning High in the hump: or resembling the male: or long in her عُرْف [or mane ]: (TA:) or having what resembles the عُرْف by reason of her fatness: or having, upon her neck, fur like the عُرْف. (Ham p. 611.) ― -b2- The fem. is also used as meaning The ضَبُع [i. e. hyena, or female hyena ], because of the abundance of its hair (S, O, K, TA) of the neck, (O, K, TA,) or because of the length of its عُرْف. (TA.) ― -b3- And one says سَنَامٌ أَعْرَفُ A long, or tall, camel's hump, having an عُرْف. (TA.) And جَبَلٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) A mountain having what resembles the عُرْف. (TA.) And قُلَّةٌ عَرْفَاآءُ (tropical:) A high mountain-top. (TA.) And حَزْنٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) High rugged ground. (TA.)

مَعْرَفٌ ذ (S, O, K [in one of my copies of the S written مُعَرَّفٌ]) and مَعْرِفٌ also (Ham p. 47) sing. of مَعَارِفُ, which means The face [and faces ], and any part thereof that appears; as in the saying اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةُ المَعَارِفِ [ A woman beautiful in the face, or in the parts thereof that appear ]; (S, O, K;) because the person is known thereby: (TA:) or, as some say, no sing. of it is known: (Har p. 146:) and some say that it signifies the beauties, or beautiful parts, of the face. (TA.) Er-Rá'ee says, مُتَلَفِّمِينَ عَلَى مَعَارِفِنَا نَثْنِى لَهُنَّ حَوَاشِىَ العَصْبِ [ Muffling our faces, or the parts thereof that appeared, we fold, or folding, to them the selvages of the عَصْب (a sort of garment).] (S, O: but the latter has مُتَلَثِّمِينَ.) And one says, حَيَّا ا@للّٰهُ المَعَارِفَ, meaning [ May God preserve ] the faces. (O, K.) And قَدْ هَاجَتْ مَعَارِفُ فُلَانٍ The features of such a one, whereby he was known to me, have withered, like as the plant withers: said of a man who has turned away, from the speaker, his love, or affection. (TA.) And هُوَ مِنَ المَعَارِفِ He is of those who are known; [or of those who are acquaintances; ] (O, K;) as though meaning مِنْ ذَوِى المَعَارِفِ, i. e. of those having faces [ whereby they are known ]: (O:) or مَعَارِفُ الرَّجُلِ means Those who are entitled to the man's love, or affection, and with whom he has acquaintance; [and simply the acquaintances of the man; ] and is pl. of ↓ مَعْرِفَةٌ. (Har p. 146.) مَعَارِفُ الأَرْضِ means The faces, and known parts, of the land. (TA.)

مَعْرَفَةٌ ذ The place [or part ] upon which grows the عُرْف [or mane ]; (S, Mgh;) the place of the عُرْف of the horse, (O, K, TA,) from the forelock to the withers: or the flesh upon which grows the عُرْف. (TA.) But the phrase الأَخْذُ مِنْ مَعْرَفَةِ الدَّابَّةِ means The cutting [or taking ] of somewhat from the عُرْف of the beast. (Mgh.)

مَعْرِفَةٌ ذ a subst. [signifying Knowledge, cognition, cognizance, or acquaintance; &c.: as such having for its pl. مَعَارِفُ, meaning sorts of knowledge: ] from عَرَفَهُ signifying as expl. in the beginning of this art.: (Msb:) or an inf. n. therefrom. (S, O, K.) ― -b2- See also مَعْرَفٌ, last sentence but one. ― -b3- [In grammar, A determinate noun; opposed to نَكِرَةٌ.]