Al-Qamus al-Muhit (Firuzabadi, d. 817H)

This root primarily describes states of swelling, inflammation, or engorgement, particularly related to animal udders. It also extends to terms for soft flesh, pottery, geographical locations, and a specific place name.

This root pertains to the confusion and disorder of speech. It describes a state where words are mixed up, jumbled, or nonsensical, leading to a lack of clarity and coherence.

This root pertains to the concept of rapid cutting or severing. It describes a swift and decisive action of division.

The root الخشب primarily relates to wood, timber, and things made from it. It extends to concepts of coarseness, roughness, hardness, and unrefined or unpolished states, both literally and figuratively. It can also refer to mixing, selecting, or sharpening.

This root appears to relate to a lack of control, order, or proper execution in an action or task. It describes a state of being unmanaged or not properly governed.

This root primarily concerns abundance, fertility, and prosperity, particularly in relation to land and sustenance. It extends to concepts of generosity and well-being, and also has specific meanings related to plants and even a type of snake.

The root خضبه (khadaba) primarily relates to the concept of coloring, specifically with green or reddish hues, often associated with dyeing, vegetation, and the appearance of certain natural phenomena. It encompasses terms for dyeing, the color itself, and things that are dyed or appear colored.

This root primarily describes the agitation and movement of water, particularly in confined bodies like ponds or valleys. It also extends to describe a fluent and eloquent speaker.

This root primarily relates to concepts of weakness, flabbiness, and being overweight. It can also describe a state of confusion or disarray.

This root primarily deals with the concepts of weakness, confusion, and mixing. It describes a state of being disordered, unclear, or lacking strength, often in a figurative sense.

This root primarily concerns matters, affairs, and significant events, both large and small. It extends to the act of proposing marriage, public speaking, and specific descriptive terms for colors, plants, animals, and places.

This root primarily concerns the concept of financial hardship and scarcity. It also extends to describe a person who is talkative or prone to making unfounded statements.

This root pertains to excessive and confused speech. It describes the act of speaking too much, often in a disorganized or nonsensical manner, leading to a lack of clarity.

This root appears to describe a person of low quality or character. It focuses on terms denoting someone who is base, ignoble, or of poor standing.

This root primarily relates to sharp, cutting, or tearing actions, often associated with claws or sharp objects. It extends to concepts of deception, taking possession, and also describes certain anatomical parts, plants, and even weather phenomena.

This root primarily describes someone or something that is tall, foolish, or clumsy. It also extends to meanings related to physical deformities, particularly of the nose and legs, as well as negative moral qualities like deceit and corruption.

This root appears to relate to concepts of smallness, shortness, or being underdeveloped. It describes a young female slave before puberty and also refers to someone who is short or effeminate.

This root appears to describe a female camel, specifically one that is abundant in milk. It focuses on the quantity and richness of the milk produced.

This root appears to relate to the concept of being slow, sluggish, or hesitant, particularly in movement or action. It can also describe a state of being weak or feeble, and by extension, something that is small or insignificant.

This root appears to describe negative personal characteristics, specifically relating to bad temper and physical attributes like being overweight. It seems to focus on undesirable traits.

This root appears to relate to concepts of boldness in wrongdoing and demonic entities. It describes individuals who are audacious in committing immoral acts and also refers to a type of demon.

This root relates to fatness and corpulence, specifically referring to the fat of the eye and describing a fat or plump woman.

This root appears to be very limited in usage, primarily referring to a specific type of small creature or insect.

This root primarily describes something long and slender, particularly in the context of hair. It also extends to specific anatomical features of the face, such as the philtrum or uvula.

This root primarily relates to states of lack, deficiency, and barrenness. It encompasses concepts of poverty, hunger, and unproductive or unwatered land.

This root primarily concerns failure, disappointment, loss, and unfulfilled desires. It extends to concepts of disbelief, ruin, and being in a state of futility or falsehood.

This root primarily concerns the concepts of diligence, perseverance, and continuous effort. It extends to meanings of habit, custom, and even intense pursuit or driving. It also encompasses related terms for a state of being or a specific situation.

The root 'دب' primarily relates to slow, creeping, or subtle movement. It extends to concepts of gradual progression, hidden influence, and the act of moving stealthily. This root also encompasses terms for creatures that move in this manner, as well as metaphorical applications to abstract concepts like disease, decay, and even social influence.

This root appears to describe containers or bags, particularly those used by women for travel to carry food and other provisions. It encompasses various types of vessels and sacks.

This root pertains to elevated or high ground, specifically referring to rocky or uneven terrain. It describes a raised landform, often characterized by its ruggedness.

This root primarily relates to the act of pushing or driving something forward. It extends to the concept of sexual intercourse and also includes terms for a large flock of sheep and a woman's name.

This root describes the act of forcefully pushing or shoving someone from behind. It emphasizes a sudden, violent, and often unexpected impetus.

This root primarily relates to the concept of flowing, running, or moving, often applied to water, liquids, or even ships. It can also extend to describe something that is in motion or actively engaged in an action, and by extension, a young girl or a female slave.

This root primarily refers to a wild ass and also denotes a sentinel or vanguard. It is considered a loanword, possibly from Persian, and its derivatives relate to observation and vigilance.

This root primarily relates to paths, passages, and gates, extending to concepts of habituation, training, and endurance. It also encompasses terms for specific animals, places, and even a type of fish.

This root appears to relate to a camel's affection for its young. It specifically describes the mother camel's fondness and attachment to her offspring.

This root appears to describe shortness or being low in stature. It is primarily used as an adjective to denote a short person.

This root primarily describes a type of fearful or hurried running, often accompanied by looking back. It also extends to the sound of a drum and the act of striking it, as well as a woman's nocturnal movement and a state of submission.

This root appears to describe a state of being startled or frightened, particularly in relation to camels. It suggests a sudden, agitated movement or reaction due to fear or alarm.

This root primarily concerns playful interaction, jesting, and lightheartedness. It extends to describe characteristics associated with such behavior, including certain types of creatures, natural phenomena, and even physical attributes.

This root appears to be related to the concept of being slow, sluggish, or lagging behind. It describes a state of inactivity or delayed progress.

This root appears to relate to the concept of a fine, penalty, or compensation, particularly in a legal or financial context. It signifies an amount paid as a consequence of an offense or damage.

This root appears to describe a specific type of gait or movement, particularly a form of running or galloping.

This root appears to be a proper noun, likely a given name or a place name, with no clear semantic extension into common vocabulary.

This root appears to relate to being bitten or wounded, particularly in the context of combat. It describes a state of being afflicted or injured as a result of fighting.

This root primarily relates to a type of tree, specifically the plane tree. It also extends to describe things that are abundant or persistent, like a land with many such trees, a group of people, or an unquenchable ember. Additionally, it encompasses concepts of darkness and a water-lifting device.

This root appears to describe something large and bulky, specifically referring to a large camel.

This root primarily relates to the concept of shortness or being short. It appears to describe physical shortness, particularly in relation to tails or stature, and can also be used as a proper noun.

This root appears to relate to betrayal and treachery. The primary meaning provided is 'treachery' or 'betrayal'.

This root primarily relates to habit, custom, and continuous action. It also encompasses terms for a specific place and a state of being.