Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

8 فُلَانٌ يَشْتَرِعُ شِرْعَتَهُ ذ [meaning Such a one originates, or embraces, or follows, his way of religion ] is similar to the phrases يَفْتَطِرُ فِطْرَتَهُ and يَمْتَلُّ مِلَّتَهُ; from شِرْعَةُ الدِّينِ and فِطْرَتُهُ and مِلَّتُهُ. (TA.)

شَرْعٌ ذ , originally an inf. n.: ― -b2- then applied as a name for A manifest, a plain, or an open, track, or road, or way: ― -b3- and then, metaphorically, to The divine way of religion; so says Er-Rághib; (TA;) syn. with شَرِيعَةٌ, q. v. (Msb.) ― -b4- In the saying مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ شَرْعِكَ, (so in the K,) or مررت بِرَجُلٍ شَرْعُكَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ, (so in the S and O, [for هُوَ شَرْعُكَ,]) with kesr and with damm to the ع [of شرعك], (TA,) i. e. [ I passed by a man ] sufficing thee [ as a man ], (S, O, K,) the meaning is, of the sort to which thou directest thyself and which thou seekest (فِيهِ وَتَطْلُبُهُ ↓ تَشْرَعُ): (S, O:) and the word in this sense is used alike as sing. and pl. (S, O, K) and dual, because it is [originally] an inf. n. (S, O.) You say, شَرْعُكَ هٰذَا [and هٰذَانِ and هٰؤُلَاآءِ] i. e. Sufficient for thee [ is this and are these two and are these ]. (S: and the like is said in the Mgh.) And it is said in a prov., شَرْعُكَ مَا بَلَّغَكَ المَحَلَّا thus correctly, for it is a hemistich; not المَحَلَّ, as in the S and K; (TA;) i. e. Sufficient travel-ling-provision for thee is that which will cause thee to reach the place [ of alighting ] to which thou repairest: (K, TA:) applied to the case of being content with little. (S, K.) ― -b5- See also شَرَعٌ, in two places. ― -b6- And see شِرْعَةٌ.

شِرْعٌ ذ [in the CK, erroneously, شَرْع,] The like of a thing; as also ↓ شِرْعَةٌ: (K, TA:) [but the former is masc. and ↓ the latter is fem.; for] one says, هٰذَا شِرْعُ هٰذَا This is the like of this; and so هٰذِهِ هٰذِهِ ↓ شِرْعَةُ: and هٰذَانِ شِرْعَانِ these two are likes. (S, O, TA.) [The pls., or rather coll. gen. ns. and pls., following this meaning in the K belong to شِرْعَةٌ and شَرْعَةٌ in another sense; as is shown by exs. in the O and TA.] -A2- Also The chords of the بَرْبَط, (O, K, TA,) which is the [ Persian ] عُود [or lute ]. (TA.) [In this sense, a coll. gen. n.:] see its n. un. شِرْعَةٌ. ― -b2- And hence, as being likened thereto, (TA,) (tropical:) The [ thong called ] شِرَاك of a sandal. (O, K, TA.) It is related in a trad. that a man said, اـِنِّى أُحِبُّ الجَمَالَ حَتَّى فِى شِرْعِ نَعْلِى (O, TA) i. e. (tropical:) [ Verily I love elegance, even ] in the شراك of my sandal. (TA.)

شَرَعٌ ذ : see شَرِيعَةٌ. -A2- One says, النَّاسُ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ شَرَعٌ and ↓ شَرْعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the latter a contraction of the former, (Msb,) allowed by Kr and Kz, but disallowed by Yaakoob, (IDrst, TA,) The people are in this affair equals: (S, Msb, K:) in this sense, used alike as sing. and pl. and fem. (S, TA) and masc.: (TA:) [of شَرَعٌ] Az says that it seems to be pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] of ↓ شَارِعٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ; i. e., [the phrase means] the people enter into this affair (يَشْرَعُونَ فِيهِ) together. (TA.) One says also, النَّاسُ شَرَعٌ وَاحِدٌ and واحد ↓ شَرْعٌ, meaning The people are one sort. (K.)

شَرْعَةٌ ذ : see the next paragraph, in two places.

شِرْعَةٌ ذ : see شَرِيعَةٌ, in two places. ― -b2- Also A custom. (TA.) ― -b3- See also شِرْعٌ, first sentence, in three places. -A2- Also A snare for the birds called قَطًا, (Lth, O, K, TA,) with which to capture them, (O, TA,) made of sinews: (Lth, O, TA:) pl. شِرَعٌ. (O.) ― -b2- Also, (S, O, K,) and ↓ شَرْعَةٌ, (K,) A string, or chord: (S, O, K, TA:) or such as is slender: or while continuing stretched upon the bow; (TA;) and so ↓ شِرَاعٌ; (Lth, O, K;) or upon the lute; and so ↓ شِرَاعٌ: (TA:) the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] (of ↓ شِرْعَةٌ, S, O, [i. e. of this n. un. meaning the “ chord of a lute, ” as is shown by exs. in the O and TA,]) is ↓ شِرْعٌ (S, O, K) and (that of ↓ شَرْعَةٌ, TA) ↓ شَرْعٌ, (O, K, TA,) like as تَمْرٌ is of تَمْرَةٌ, (O, TA,) and [the pl. properly so termed] (of شِرْعَةٌ, S, O) شِرَعٌ, and pl. pl. شِرَاعٌ: (S, O, K:) and the pl. of ↓ شِرَاعٌ as a sing. syn. with شِرْعَةٌ is شُرُعٌ. (TA.)

شَرَعَةٌ ذ i. q. سَقِيفَةٌ [i. e. A roof, or covering, such as projects over the door of a house &c.; or a place roofed over ]: pl. أَشْرَاعٌ. (O, K.)

[ شَرْعِىٌّ ذ Of, or relating to, the religion or law. ― -b2- And Accordant to the religion or law; legal, or legitimate. ]

شُرَاعٌ ذ A plant, or herbage, full-grown, (O, K, TA,) that satiates the camels. (TA.)

شِرَاعٌ ذ : see شَرِيعَةٌ. -A2- The شِرَاعٌ of a ship or boat (S, Mgh, O, Msb) is called in Pers. بَادْبَان [i. e. A sail ]; (MA, Mgh, KL;) i. q. قِلْعٌ; (MA, TA;) a thing like a wide مُلَاآءَة [q. v.], (O, K, TA,) of cloth or of matting, (TA,) [ raised, or attached, ] upon a piece of wood [i. e. a mast or a yard ]; which is beaten upon by the wind (تُصَفِّقُهُ الرِّيحُ,) and causes the ship, or boat, to go along: (O, K, TA:) so called because it is raised (يُشْرَعُ i. e. يُرْفَعُ) above the ship, or boat: (TA:) pl. أَشْرِعَةٌ and شُرُعٌ; (O, K;) the former a pl. of pauc. (O.) ― -b2- And hence, as being likened thereto, (TA, [and the same is implied in the S and O,]) (tropical:) The neck of a camel. (S, O, K, TA.) Sometimes they said of a camel, رَفَعَ شِرَاعَهُ, meaning (tropical:) He raised his neck: (S, O, TA.) ― -b3- One says also رَجُلٌ شِرَاعُ الأَنْفِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) A man having the nose extended, and long. (TA. [See أَشْرَعُ.]) ― -b4- See also شِرْعَةٌ, in three places.

شَرِيعٌ ذ Courageous; (O, K, TA;) applied to a man. (O, TA.) -A2- Also Good, or excellent, flax. (K.) ― -b2- And The ليف [or fibres that grow at the base of the branches of the palm-tree ] of which the prickles (شَوْك) are strong, and such as, by reason of their thickness, are fit for the sewing of leather therewith. (TA.)

شَرَاعَةٌ ذ Courage; (O, K;) as an attribute of a man. (O.)

شَرِيعَةٌ ذ and ↓ مَشْرَعَةٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ مَشْرُعَةٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ مَشْرَعٌ (TA) and ↓ شَرَعٌ (O, TA *) and مَاآءٍ ↓ شِرَاعُ (TA) A watering-place; a resort of drinkers [ both men and beasts ]; (S, O, K, TA;) a place to which men come to drink therefrom and to draw water, (Msb, * TA,) and into which they sometimes make their beasts to enter, to drink: (TA:) but the term ↓ مشرعة, (Az, Msb,) or شريعة, (TA,) is not applied by the Arabs to any but [ a watering-place ] such as is permanent, and apparent to the eye, (Az, Msb, TA,) like the water of rivers, (Msb,) not water from which one draws with the well-rope: (Az, Msb, TA:) the pl. of شَرِيعَةٌ is شَرَائِعُ; and that of ↓ مَشْرَعَةٌ or ↓ مَشْرَعٌ [or of both] is مَشَارِعُ; which is also expl. as meaning gaps, or breaches, in the banks of rivers or the like by which men or beasts come to water: (TA:) and [in like manner it is said that] شَرِيعَةٌ signifies a place of descent to water: (Lth, TA:) or a way to water. (Bd in v. 52.) ― -b2- And hence, (Lth, Kr, Msb, TA, and Bd ubi suprà,) الشَّرِيعَةُ, (Lth, Kr, S, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ الشِّرْعَةُ, (Msb, K, &c.,) and ↓ الشَّرْعُ, (Msb,) signifies likewise الدِّينُ; (Msb, and Bd ubi suprà;) because it is a way to the means of eternal life; (Bd ibid.;) or because of its manifestness; (Msb;) [i. e.] The religious law of God; (Lth, Kr, S, O, K, * TA;) consisting of such ordinances as those of fasting and prayer and pilgrimage (Lth, Kr, TA) and the giving of the poorrate (Kr, TA) and marriage, (Lth, TA,) and other acts (Lth, Kr, TA) of piety, or of obedience to God, or of duty to Him and to men: (Kr, TA:) pl. as above. (Msb.) شَرِيعَةٌ signifies also [ A law, an ordinance, or a statute: and] a religion, or way of belief and practice in respect of religion: (Fr, TA:) and a way of belief or conduct that is manifest (Ibn-'Arafeh, Mgh, K) and right (Ibn-'Arafeh, K) in religion; (Mgh;) and so ↓ شِرْعَةٌ. (K.)

شُرَاعِىٌّ ذ , as an epithet applied to A spear-head and a spear, of Shuráa, (TA,) which was the name of a certain man who made spear-heads and spears, (K, TA,) as they assert: but IAar says that it may be a reg. rel. n. from شُرَاعٌ, or an irreg. rel. n. from some other name of which the radical latters are شرع: and [SM says also that,] applied to a spear, it signifies long: (TA:) or ↓ شِرَاعِىٌّ, thus applied, has this meaning, a rel. n. [from شِرَاعٌ]. (S, O.) شُرَاعِيَّةٌ and ↓ شِرَاعِيَّةٌ [in the CK without teshdeed], applied to a she-camel, signify (tropical:) Long-necked ; (O, K, TA:) thus expl. by ISh: but Az thinks the latter to be the more probably correct; the neck being likened to the شِرَاع of the ship or boat, because of the height thereof. (O.)

شِرَاعِىٌّ ذ ; and its fem., with ة: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرَّاعٌ ذ A seller of the flax called شَرِيع. (IAar, K.)

شَارِعٌ ذ Entering into water [ to drink ]: pl. شُرَّعٌ and شُرُوعٌ: (KL:) these pls. are applied in this sense to camels. (S, K.) ― -b2- [Hence,] Entering into an affair (فِى أَمْرٍ). (Az, TA.) See شَرَعٌ. ― -b3- And sing. of شُرَّعٌ in the phrase حِيتَانٌ شُرَّعٌ, (TA,) which means Fishes lowering their heads to drink: (Aboo-Leylà, TA:) or raising their heads: (K, TA:) or directing themselves, or repairing, (شَارِعَاتٌ,) from the deep water to the bank, or side: (S, TA:) and حيتان شُرُوعٌ signifies the same: (TA:) or شُرَّعًا in the Kur vii. 163, referring to fish, means appearing upon the surface of the water. (Bd, Jel. *) ― -b4- Also, applied to a place of alighting, or an abode, (مَنْزِلٌ,) Situate upon a road that is a thoroughfare: and شَارِعَةٌ applied to a house (دَارٌ) signifies the same; (K;) or having its door [ opening ] upon such a road; (TA;) or near to the road and to the people [or passengers ]: (Mgh, * TA:) and دُورٌ شَارِعَةٌ houses having their doors opening into the streets: or دُورٌ شَوَارِعُ, as expl. by IDrd, houses upon one open road. (TA.) It is said in a trad., كَانَتِ الأَبْوَابُ شَارِعَةً اـِلَى المَسْجِدِ The doors were opening towards the mosque. (TA.) ― -b5- And Anything near (K, TA) to a thing, or overlooking it: whence شَارِعَةٌ applied to a house (دَارٌ) near to the road and to the people, as expl. above. (TA.) [Hence,] نُجُومٌ شَوَارِعُ Stars near to setting. (K.) ― -b6- [Also Pointing directly towards a person; applied to a spear.] One says رِمَاحٌ شَارِعَةٌ and شَوَارِعُ (K, TA) and شُرَّعٌ as in some of the copies of the S (TA) Spears pointing directly: and ↓ رِمَاحٌ مَشْرُوعَةٌ and ↓ مُشْرَعَةٌ spears directed. (K, TA.) ― -b7- Also [used as a subst.] A main road: (S, O:) or it signifies, (Mgh, TA,) or so طَرِيقٌ شَارِعٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) a road, or way, into which people enter (يَسْلُكُهُ النَّاسُ, Msb, or يَشْرَعُ فِيهِ النَّاسُ, Mgh, TA) in common, or in general; (Mgh, Msb, TA;) by a tropical attribution; (Mgh;) [i. e.] شَارِعٌ in this case has the meaning of مَشْرُوعٌ [or مَشْرُوعٌ فِيهِ]; (Msb;) or as meaning ذُو شَرْعٍ مِنَ الخَلْقِ [ having an entering of people ]: (TA:) or it signifies a manifest, plain, or conspicuous, road or way: (Mgh, TA:) [in the present day, شَارِعٌ commonly signifies any great street that is a thoroughfare: ] the pl. is شَوارِعُ. (Msb.) -A2- الشَّارِعُ also means The learned man who practises what he knows and instructs others: (K, TA:) or so الشَّارِعُ الرَّبَّانِىُّ. (O.) And hence it is applied to designate the Prophet: [or as meaning The legislator: or the announcer of the law: ] or because he made manifest and plain the religion, or religious law of God. (TA.)

أَشْرَعُ ذ A nose of which the end is extended (K, TA) and elevated, and long. (TA.)

مَشْرَعٌ ذ : see شَرِيعَةٌ, in two places.

مُشْرَعٌ ذ : see its fem., with ة, voce شَارِعٌ.

مَشْرَعَةٌ ذ and مَشْرُعَةٌ: see شَرِيعَةٌ, in four places.

بَيْتٌ مُشَرَّعٌ ذ A high, or lofty, house or tent. (TA.)

مَشْرُوعٌ ذ : see its fem., with ة, voce شَارِعٌ: -A2- see also 1, first sentence.

1 شَرُفَ ذ , (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. شَرُفَ , (K,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ (S, * O, * Msb, * K, TA) and شَرَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, O, TA,) He was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) [ in rank, condition, or estimation, ] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (K, TA:) [generally meaning he was high-born, or noble: ] part. n. شَرِيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) [See also شَرَفٌ, below.] ― -b2- [Hence one says,] شَرُفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ His soul was above the thing; disdained, or scorned, it. (L in art. انف.) ― -b3- شَرَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, and شَرُفَت, (O, K,) aor. of each شَرُفَ , inf. n. شُرُوفٌ, (K,) reg. as of the former verb, and irreg. as of the latter, (TA,) The she-camel was, or became, such as is termed شَارِفٌ [q. v.]. (O, K.) -A2- شَرَفَهُ, aor. شَرُفَ , (IJ, S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility ]; (IJ, S, O, K, TA;) and so شَرُفَ عَلَيْهِ: (Z, TA:) or he excelled him (طَالَهُ, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] طاوَلَهُ,) in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour (فِى الحَسَبِ). (K, TA.) See 3. ― -b2- شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ, (K, TA,) aor. شَرُفَ , inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put to the wall a شُرْفَة [q. v.]. (K, TA.) [See also 2.] -A3- شَرِفَتِ الأُذُنُ, and شَرِفَ المَنْكِبُ, aor. شَرَفَ , (K, TA,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ, (TA,) The ear, and in like manner the shoulder, was, or became, high, (K, TA,) and prominent: or, as some say, stood up. (TA.) -A4- And شَرِفَ, [from شَرَفٌ signifying the “ hump ” of a camel,] (O, K,) said of a man, (O,) He kept constantly, or continually, to the eating of the [ camel's ] hump. (O, K.)

2 شرّفهُ ذ , inf. n. تَشْرِيفٌ, He (God) rendered him high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, [ in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled him: ] (S, KL, * PS: *) and he held him, or esteemed him, to be so. (MA, PS.) ISd thinks that the verb may also mean He regarded with more, or exceeding, honour. (TA.) [And Golius explains it as meaning He decked with a royal garment; on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which I find no other meaning assigned to it than the first mentioned above.] One says, شَرَّفَ ا@للّٰهُ الكَعْبَةَ, (O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) [ God rendered, or may God render, the Kaabeh an object of honour, or glorious, ] from الشَّرَفُ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. المَجْدُ. (TA.) [تَشْرِيفٌ is also used as a subst. properly so called; and as such is expl. by itself in this art.] ― -b2- Also He put to it شُرَف [pl. of شُرْفَةٌ, q. v.]; (O, K;) namely, his house, (K,) or a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر, &c.; inf. n. as above. (O.) [See also شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ.] ― -b3- شرّف المَرْبَأَ, expl. in the K as syn. with اشرفهُ and شارفهُ, is a mistake for تشرّفهُ [q. v.]. (TA.) ― -b4- شرّف النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. as above, means He almost severed the teats of the she-camel by binding them [ tightly ] with the صِرَار [q. v.]: (IAar, O, TA:) this being done for the preservation of her [stoutness of] body, and her fatness, so that burdens may be put upon her in the coming year. (TA.) ― -b5- [شرّف, app. for شرّف العُنُقَ, is also said by Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag in his Lexicon, to signify He (a camel going along) raised the neck: but his authority for this is not stated.]

3 شارفهُ ذ , (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ, (TA,) He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility ]; (S, O, K, TA;) ↓ فَشَرَفَهُ and he overcame, or surpassed, him therein. (TA.) ― -b2- See also 5. ― -b3- Also He was, or became, near to it; he drew near to it, or approached it; namely, a thing: and he was, or became, near to attaining it, [and in like manner شارف عَلَيْهِ, as used in the S and K in the beginning of art. بلغ, he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, or attaining it, namely, a place,] or of obtaining it, or getting possession of it: [and he was, or became, at the point of experiencing it, (See Bd in lxxviii. 14,) and doing it; followed by أَنْ and an aor.:] and, as some say, he looked for it, or expected it; his mind told him of it; he looked for its coming to pass. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.

4 اشرف ذ It rose; or it was, or became, high or elevated; [ so as to overtop, or overlook, what was around it or adjacent to it: overtopped, surmounted, overpeered, overlooked, overhung; was, or became, protuberant, prominent, or projecting: and rose into view, came within sight or view, or became within a commanding, or near, view: ] said of a place [&c.]. (Msb.) One says of a piece of ground, أَشْرَفَ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهُ [ It rose above, or overtopped, what was around it ]. (Sh, TA.) And أَشْرَفَ لِى شَرَفٌ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرْكُضُ حَتَّى عَلَوْتُهُ [ An eminence rose into view to me, and I ceased not to urge on my beast until I ascended, or mounted, upon it ]. (TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ I looked upon it, or viewed it, (S, O, Msb, K, *) from above; (S, O, K;) [ I overlooked it, or looked down upon it: and I came in sight of it: got a view of it: and got knowledge of it; became acquainted with it; or knew it: all of which meanings may be intended to be conveyed by the explanation in the Msb, which is اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ:] and الشَّىْءَ ↓ شَارَفْتُ signifies the same as أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ [app. in the first of the senses expl. in this sentence, as well as in another sense expl. in what follows]: (S, O:) and ↓ شَارَفُوهُمْ signifies the same as أَشْرَفُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. (TA.) ― -b3- And اشرف عَلَى المَوْتِ He (a sick man) was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death. (O, K.) And اشرف بِهِ عَلَى المَوْتِ [ He made him to be on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death ]. (T and K in art. ذرف.) ― -b4- And أَشْرَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ His soul was vehemently eager for a thing. (Mgh. [See also 10.]) اـِشْرَافٌ signifies The being eager, and the being vehemently eager: and hence the saying, in a trad., مَنْ أَخَذَ الدُّنْيَا بِاـِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهَا [ Whoso takes the enjoyments of the present world with eagerness, or vehement eagerness, of soul, he will not be blessed therein ]. (TA.) ― -b5- And اشرف عَلَيْهِ He regarded him with solicitous affection or pity or compassion. (O, * K.) ― -b6- [And اشرف لِى He, or it, came within sight, or view, to me; or came within a commanding, or near, view of me: see an ex. voce أَجْهَدَ; and another voce رَبَأَ.] ― -b7- And [hence,] اشرف لَكَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became, or has become, within thy power or reach; or possible, practicable, or easy, to thee. (TA.) -A2- See also 5, in two places.

5 تشرّف ذ , said of a man, is from الشَّرَفُ, (O,) and signifies صَارَ مُشَرَّفًا [ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled ]. (K.) ― -b2- تشرّف بِهِ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled; by, or by means of, him, or it: (MA:) [or he gloried, or prided himself, by reason of it, or in it; i. e.] he reckoned it, (S,) or regarded it, (O,) as a glory or an honour [ to himself ], (S, O,) and a favour. (O.) -A2- تشرّف المَرْبَأَ, (S, O, TA,) in the K, erroneously, شَرَّفَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ اشرفهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ شارفهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ; (TA;) He (a man, S, O) ascended, or mounted, upon the elevated place of observation. (S, O, K.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ اشرف and عَلَى الشَّىْءِ signify the same as [تشرّفهُ and] تشرّف عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing. (TA.) ― -b2- It is said in a trad., with reference to certain future trials, or conflicts and factions, (فِتَن,) مَنْ ↓ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفْهُ i. e. Whoso finds a place of refuge [ for escaping, or avoiding them, let them invite him, or cause him, to seek, or take, refuge, virtually meaning] let him seek, or take, refuge therein. (O, TA. *) -A3- تُشُرِّفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, had their أَشْرَاف [or eminent, or noble, men, pl. of شَرِيف,] slain. (O, K.)

8 اشترف ذ He, or it, stood up, or upright, or erect; (S, O, TA;) and (TA) so ↓ استشرف [if this be not a mistranscription, which I incline to think it may be as the former verb (of which see the part. n. below) is not mentioned in the K]. (K, TA.)

10 استشرف الشَّىْءَ ذ , (S, O, Msb, K,) and لِلشَّىْءِ, (Msb in art. طمح,) He raised his eyes (S, O, Msb, K) towards the thing, (O, K,) or to look at the thing, (Msb,) or looking at the thing, (S,) and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades [ his eyes ] from the sun. (S, O, K.) A poet says, تَطَالَلْتُ وَا@سْتَشْرَفْتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ اآأَنْتَ زَيْدُ الأَرَامِلِ [ I stretched up myself, and raised my eyes towards him, expanding my hand over my eyebrow like him who is shading his eyes from the sun; and I said to him, Art thou Zeyd-el-Arámil? ]. (O.) ― -b2- Hence, (TA,) أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ العَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ, (Mgh, * O, K, TA,) in a trad. (O, TA) relating to the sheep or goat to be slaughtered as a victim on the day of sacrifice, (TA,) means We have been commanded to pay much attention to the eye and the ear, and to examine them carefully, in order that there may not be any such defect as blindness of one eye or mutilation (Mgh, * O, K, TA) of an ear: (TA:) or, (Mgh, O,) as some say, (O,) [in the K “ that is, ”] to seek that they be of high estimation, by being perfect (Mgh, * O, K) and sound: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to some, it is from الشُّرْفَةُ signifying “ the choice ones, ” or “ best, ” of cattle; and the meaning is, we have been commanded to select them. (TA.) ― -b3- And يَسْتَشْرِفُ مَعَالِىَ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) He desires, or seeks, [or raises his eye to, ] the means of attaining eminence. (Msb in art. شوف.) ― -b4- استشرف اـِبِلَهُمْ means He (a man) smote their camels with the [ evil ] eye; syn. تَعَيَّنَهَا: (S, TA:) or he looked at them (تعيّنها) to smite them with the [ evil ] eye. (TA.) ― -b5- استشرفهُ حَقَّهُ He defrauded him of his right, or due. (O, K.) -A2- See also 5: -A3- and 8.

Q. Q. 1 شَرْيَفْتُ الزَّرْعَ ذ I cut off the شِرْيَاف [q. v.] of the seed-produce; (S, O;) and so شَرْنَفْتُهُ: (O and K * in art. شرنف:) of the dial. of El-Yemen: but Az doubts whether the word be with ن; and the ى and ن are both held by him to be augmentative. (O.)

شَرْفٌ ذ : see the next paragraph, near the end.

شَرَفٌ ذ Highness, elevation, exaltation, or eminence, [ in rank, condition, or estimation, in respect of religion or of worldly things: (see the first sentence of this art.:)] (S, O, Msb, K:) [generally meaning high birth: ] glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; syn. مَجْدٌ: or not unless [ transmitted ] by ancestors: (K:) [for] accord. to ISk, شَرَفٌ and مَجْدٌ may not be unless [transmitted] by ancestors; but حَسَبٌ and كَرَمٌ may be in a man though he have not ancestors [endowed therewith]: (O:) or, (K,) accord. to IDrd, (O,) it signifies highness of حَسَب [which means grounds of pretension to respect or honour, consisting in any qualities ( either of oneself or of one's ancestors ) which are enumerated, or recounted, as causes of glorying ]: (O, K:) and ↓ شُرْفَةٌ signifies the same as شَرَفٌ; (TA;) or the same as فَضْلٌ and شَرَفٌ [meaning a favour and a glory or an honour ]; as in the saying, أَعُدُّ اـِتْيَانَكُمٌ شُرْفَةً [ I reckon your coming a favour, and a glory or an honour ]; (O, K;) and أَرَى ذٰلِكَ شُرْفَةً [ I regard that as a favour, and a glory or an honour ]: (O:) the pl. of شَرَفٌ is أَشْرَافٌ, like as that of سَبَبٌ is أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ شَرَفٍ means Spoil, or booty, of high value, at which men raise their eyes, and look, or which they smite with the [ evil ] eye: [see اِسْتَشْرَفَ اـِبِلَهُمْ:] but the phrase is also related with س. (TA. See سَرَفٌ.) ― -b2- See also شَرِيفٌ, with which, or with the pls. of which, it is said to be syn. ― -b3- Also An elevated place; an eminence: (S, Mgh, O, K:) accord. to Sh, any piece of ground that overtops what is around it, whether extended or not, only about ten cubits, or five, in length, of little or much breadth in its upper surface: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَافٌ: (TA voce وَطْءٌ:) and مَشَارِفُ الأَرْضِ signifies the high, or elevated, places, or parts, of the earth or ground: (S, Msb, K:) sing. ↓ مَشْرَفٌ, with fet-h to the م and ر. (Msb. [See also مُشْرَفٌ.]) A poet says, اآتِى النَّدِىَّ فَلَا يُقَرَّبُ مَجْلِسِى وَأَقُودُ لِلشَّرَفِ الرَّفِيعِ حِمَارِى [ I come to the assembly, and my sitting-place is not made near to the chief person or persons, and I lead to the high elevated place my ass ]: he means, I have become unsound in my intellect in consequence of old age, so that no profit is gotten from my opinion, and I am not able to mount my ass from the ground, unless from a high place. (S.) ― -b4- [Hence, (tropical:) The brink, verge, or point, of some event of great magnitude, or of any importance: not well expl. as meaning] the being on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of some event of great importance, good or evil: (O, K:) one says in the case of good, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَضَاآءِ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) [ He is at the point of accomplishing the object of his want ]: and in the case of evil, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنَ الهَلَاكِ (tropical:) [ He is on the brink, &c., of destruction ]. (O, TA.) ― -b5- And (tropical:) The hump of a camel. (O, K, TA.) ― -b6- And app. sing. of أَشْرَافٌ in a sense expl. below: see the latter word. (TA.) -A2- And A heat; a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit: (O, K:) or, (K,) accord. to Fr, about a mile: (O, K:) or about two miles. (TA as from the K and on the authority of Fr.) One says, عَدَا شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ [ He ran a heat, or two heats ]: (O:) and [in like manner,] اِسْتَنَّتٌ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ, (O, K,) occurring in a trad., said of a mare, or of horses. (O.) -A3- Also, (O, TA,) accord. to IAar, (O,) A red clay or earth: and i. q. مَغْرَةٌ [i. e. red ochre ]; as also ↓ شَرْفٌ: accord. to Lth, a kind of trees, having a red dye: and said to be the same as [the Pers.] دار Pرنيان [i. e. دَارْ Pَرْنِيَان, meaning Brazil-wood, which is commonly called in Arabic بَقَّم]. (O, TA: * in the former of which, the Pers. word here mentioned is written without the points to the P; and in the latter, الدابرنيان.)

شُرْفَةٌ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter. ― -b2- Also The choice ones, or best, of مَال [meaning cattle]. (S, O, K.) ― -b3- The شُرْفَة of a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر (S, O, Msb, K) [and of a mosque] is well-known; (K;) [ An acroterial ornament, forming a single member of a cresting of a wall or of the crown of a cornice, generally of a fanciful form, and pointed, or small, at the top: ] pl. شُرَفٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) a pl. of mult., and شُرُفَاتٌ and شُرَفَاتٌ and شُرْفَاتٌ, which are pls. of pauc., or, as some say, شرفات [i. e. شُرُفَاتٌ] is pl. of ↓ شُرُفَةٌ, with two dammehs: EshShiháb says that شُرْفَات is expl. as meaning the highest portions of a قَصْر; but what are thus termed are only what are built on the top of a wall, distinct from one another, [ side by side, like merlons of a parapet, ] according to a well-known form: (TA:) the شُرْفَة is what is called by the [common] people ↓ شُرَّافَة: (Ham p. 824:) the شُرَّافَة of a mosque is a word used by the lawyers, and is one of their mistakes, as IB has notified: so says MF: its pl. is شَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) ― -b4- The شُرُفَات (thus with two dammehs, K) of a horse are The neck and قَطَاة [i. e. croup, or rump, or part between the hips or haunches, ] thereof. (O, K.)

شُرُفَةٌ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرِيفٌ ذ High, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, * Msb, K, TA,) [ in rank, condition, or estimation, ] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (TA:) [generally meaning high-born, or noble: ] possessing glory, honour, dignity, or nobility: or such, and having also [ such ] ancestry: (TA:) [using it as not implying highness, or nobility, of ancestry,] you say, هُوَ شَرِيفٌ اليَوْمَ [ He is high, or noble, to-day ], and عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ شَارِفٌ as meaning one who will be شَرِيف [ after a little while ]: (Fr, S, K:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَشْرَافٌ and [of mult.] شُرَفَاآءُ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَرَفٌ, so in the K, app. denoting that this last is one of the pls. of شريف, and it is said in the O that شَرَفٌ is syn. with شُرَفَاآءُ; but in the L it is said that it is syn. with شَرِيفٌ; and hence the saying هُوَ شَرَفُ قَوْمِهِ meaning He is the شَرِيف of his people, and كَرَمُهُمْ meaning the كَرِيم of them; and thus it has been expl. as used in a trad.: (TA:) [but both these assertions are probably correct; for it seems to be, agreeably with analogy, an inf. n. used as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a single person and to a pl. number, and also to two persons, and likewise to a female as well as to a male.] ― -b2- [By the modern Arabs, and the Turks and Persians, it is also applied, as a title of honour, to Any descendant of the Prophet; like سَيِّد. And, with the article ال, particularly to the descendant of the Prophet who is The governor of Mekkeh; now always a vassal of the Turkish Sultán.]

شُرَافِىٌّ ذ , applied to a [lizard of the kind called] ضَبّ, and to a jerboa, Large in the ears, and in the body: (TA:) and so شُرَافِيَّةٌ applied to a she-camel; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ شَرْفَاآءُ. (TA.) And أُذُنٌ شُرَافِيَّةٌ i. q. شُفَارِيَّةٌ [q. v.], (K, TA,) or An ear that is high, long, and having hair upon it. (IDrd, O, TA.) See also أُذُنٌ شَرْفَاآءُ, voce أَشْرَفُ. ― -b2- Also A kind of white garments or cloths: (O, K: *) or a garment, or piece of cloth, that is purchased from a country of the foreigners adjacent to the land of the Arabs. (As, O, K. *)

شُرَّافَةٌ ذ ; pl. شَرَارِيفُ: see شُرْفَةٌ.

شِرْيَافٌ ذ (S, O, K) and شِرْنَافٌ (O and K in art. شرنف) [but see Q. Q. 1] The leaves of seedproduce that have become so long and abundant that one fears its becoming marred; wherefore they are cut off. (S, O, K.)

شَارِفٌ ذ : see شَرِيفٌ. ― -b2- Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) High [app. meaning much advanced ] in age: (A, TA:) or advanced in age; (S, O, K;) decrepit; (IAar, K;) as also شَارِفَةٌ: (K:) [see دَلُوقٌ, in three places:] pl. شُرْفٌ, like بُزْلٌ and عُوذٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and عَائِذٌ, (S, O,) or شُرُفٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (K,) or the latter is allowable in poetry, (O,) or the former is a contraction of the latter, (IAth, TA,) and شَوَارِفُ [also pl. of شَارِفَةٌ] (O, K) and شُرَّفٌ and شُرُوفٌ: (K:) it is said that شَارِفٌ is not applied to the he-camel; but it is so applied, as well as to the she-camel, accord. to the Towsheeh of El-Jelál. (TA.) Hence, as being likened to black decrepit she-camels, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) الشُّرُفُ الجُونُ, with two dammehs, [which I think a mistake, unless it mean with a dammeh to each word,] (K,) or الشَّرْفُ الجُونُ, (O, IAth, TA,) occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) [ Trials, or conflicts and factions, ] like portions of the dark night: (O, * K, * TA:) thus expl. by the Prophet: (O, TA:) but some relate it otherwise, with ق, (K,) saying الشُّرْقُ الجون, pl. of شَارِقٌ, (O, * TA,) meaning “ [trials, &c.,] rising (O, K, TA) from the direction of the east. ” (O, TA.) ― -b3- Also applied to an arrow, as meaning Old: (S, O, K:) and applied to a garment or a piece of cloth [app. in the same sense]: (A and TA voce طَرِيدٌ:) or an arrow long since laid by [expl. by بَعِيدُ العَهْدِ بِالصِّيَابَةِ; but I think that the right reading is بعيد العهد لِالصِّيَانَةِ, and have assumed this to be the case in my rendering]: or of which the feathers and the sinews [ wherewith they are bound ] have become uncompact: or slender and long. (TA.) ― -b4- دَنٌّ شَارِفٌ [ A wine-jar ] of which the wine is old. (TA.) ― -b5- And شَارِفٌ [alone] A receptacle for wine, such as a خَابِيَة and the like thereof. (O, K.)

الشَّارُوفُ ذ A kind of cord or rope; syn. حَبْلٌ: [so in the O, and in one of my copies of the S: in my other copy of the S, and in the K, جَبَلٌ, i. e. the name of a certain mountain:] a postclassical word. (S, O.) ― -b2- And شَارُوفٌ also signifies A broom: (S, O, K:) a Pers. word, (S,) arabicized, from جَارُوبٌ, (O, K,) originally جَاىْ رُوبْ, which means “ a place-sweeper. ” (O.)

أَشْرَفُ ذ [ More, and most, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, in rank, condition, or estimation; &c.; generally meaning more, and most, high-born or noble; (see شَرِيفٌ;)] surpassing in شَرَف. (S, O.) ― -b2- مَنْكِبٌ أَشْرَفُ A high shoulder; (S, O, K;) such as has a goodly rising; which implies what is termed اـِهْدَاآء [inf. n. of أَهْدَأَهُ, and here app. meaning the “ being curved in the back ”]. (TA.) And أُذُنٌ شَرْفَاآءُ A long ear; (S, O, K;) standing up; rising above what is next to it: and so اذن ↓ شُرَافِيَّةٌ. (TA.) ― -b3- See also شُرَافِىٌّ [أَشْرَفُ also signifies Having a prominent, or an apparent, ear: opposed to أَسَكُّ, q. v. ― -b4- Hence,] الأَشْرَفُ is an appellation of The bat; (O, K, TA;) because its ears are prominent and apparent: it is bare of downy and other feathers, and is viviparous, not oviparous: so in the saying of Bishr Ibn-ElMoatemir, وَطَائِرٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَكْرُ وَطَائِرٌ أَشْرَفُ ذُو جُرْدَةٍ [ And a flying thing that has prominent and apparent ears and a denuded body, and a flying thing that has no nest ]: (O, TA:) in the K is added, and another bird, that has no nest, &c.: but this is taken from an explanation of the latter hemistich of the verse cited above; which explanation is as follows: (TA:) the bird that has no nest is one of which the Bahránees [so in the TA, but accord. to the O “ the sailors, ”] tell that it does not alight save while it makes, of the dust, or earth, a place in which it lays its eggs, and which it covers over; then it flies into the air, and its eggs break open of themselves at the expiration of the term thereof; and when its young ones are able to fly, they do after the habit of their parents. (O, L, TA: and the same is said, less fully, in the K.) ― -b5- مَدِينَةٌ شَرْفَاآءُ A city having شُرَف, (Mgh, O, K, *) pl. of شُرْفَةٌ [q. v.]: (O:) the pl. of أَشْرَفُ and of شَرْفَاآءُ, accord. to rule, is شُرْفٌ. (Mgh. [In the copies of the K, الشُّرُفُ is erroneously said to be pl. of الشَّرْفَاآءُ.]) It is said in a trad. of Ibn- ' Abbás, أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَبْنِىَ المَدَائِنَ شُرْفًا وَالمَسَاجِدَ جُمًّا i. e. We have been commanded to build cities with شُرَف and mosques without شُرَف. (Mgh, O. *)

أَشْرَافٌ ذ The ears and nose of a man: (O, K, TA:) its sing. in this sense is not mentioned: it is app. ↓ شَرَفٌ; like سَبَبٌ, sing. of أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.)

تَشْرِيفٌ ذ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (S &c.) ― -b2- [And also a post-classical term applied to An honorary present, such as a garment &c.: and a letter, i. e. an epistle, considered as conferring honour: pl. تَشْرِيفَاتٌ.]

مَشْرَفٌ ذ : see شَرَفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and see also what here next follows.

مُشْرَفٌ ذ , (O, K,) like مُكْرَمٌ, (K,) or ↓ مَشْرَفٌ [q. v. voce شَرَفٌ], (so in my two copies of the S,) A place from which one overlooks, i. e. looks upon, or views, [ a thing ] from above. (S, O, K.) ― -b2- Hence the saying in a trad., مَا جَاآءَكَ مِنْ هٰذَا المَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرَفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخْذْهُ (O, TA) i. e. [ What comes to thee of this property ] thou not coveting nor looking for it [ nor asking it, take it ]. (O.)

مُشْرِفٌ ذ [part. n. of 4;] High; (S, Mgh, Msb;) [or overtopping; &c.;] applied to a mountain, (S,) or a place. (Mgh, Msb.)

سُيُوفٌ مَشْرَفِيَّةٌ ذ Certain swords, (S, O, K,) so called in relation to مَشَارِفُ, (S,) or in relation to مَشَارِفُ الشَّامِ, (O, Msb, K,) i. e. certain towns, or villages, of the land of the Arabs, near to the رِيف [q. v.]: (S, O, Msb, K:) so says AO: (S, O:) or, as some say, this is a mistake, and they are so called in relation to a place of El-Yemen: (Msb:) [or, accord. to some, in relation to المَشَارِفُ, certain towns, or villages, near Howrán: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 53:)] and it is said that مَشْرَف was the name of a blacksmith who made swords: (TA:) one says سَيْفٌ مَشْرَفِىٌّ, (S, O, Msb,) not مَشَارِفِىٌّ, because a rel. n. is not formed from a pl. of the measure of مَشَارِفُ. (S, O.)

مُشَرَّفٌ ذ [ Elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled ]; (K, TA;) an epithet applied to a man; from الشَّرَفُ. (TA.) -A2- Also A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with the red clay or earth [&c.] called شَرَف. (IAar, TA.)

مَشْرُوفٌ ذ (S, TA) and مَشْرُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ (Z, TA) Overcome, or surpassed, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility ]. (S, Z, TA.)