Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

ظُلَّيْلَةٌ ذ A thing which a man makes for himself, of trees, or of a garment, or piece of cloth, by which to protect himself from the heat of the sun: a vulgar word. (TA.)

ظُلْظُلٌ ذ i. q. سُعْنٌ, i. e. A ↓ مِظَلَّة [q. v.; or as expl. in the L, in art. سعن, a ظُلَّة (q. v.), or a thing like the ظُلَّة, which is made upon the flat house-tops, for the purpose of guarding against the dew that comes from the direction of the sea in the time of the greatest heat ]; on the authority of IAar. (T. [Accord. to the O and K, i. q. سُفُنٌ, which is evidently a mistranscription.])

أَظَلُّ ذ [ More, and most, dense in shade ]. The Arabs say, لَيْسَ شَىْءٌ أَظَلَّ مِنْ حَجَرٍ [ There is not anything more dense in shade than a stone ]. (TA.) ― -b2- And أَظَلّ, [as a subst., i. e. أَظَلٌّ accord. to a general rule, or, if regarded as originally an epithet, it may be أَظَلُّ,] by poetic license أَظْلَل, (S, M, O, K,) signifies The under part, (S, O,) or the concealed part, (M, AHei, K,) of the مَنْسِم, (S, M, O, K,) or of the خُفّ, (AHei, TA,) [the former app. here used, as it is said be in other cases, in the same sense as the latter, meaning the foot, ] of the camel; (S, M, O, AHei, K;) so called because of its being concealed: (AHei, TA:) and, (M, K,) in a human being, (M,) الأَظَلُّ signifies بَطْنُ الاـِصْبَعِ; (M, K;) and [ISd says] this is in my opinion the right explanation; but it is said that أَظَلُّ الاـِنْسَانِ signifies بُطُونُ أَصَابِعِهِ, which means the portion, of what is next to the fore part [ of the bottom ] of the foot, from the root of the great toe to the root of the little toe, of the human being: (M:) the pl. is ظُلٌّ, which is anomalous, (M, K,) or formed after the manner of the pl. of an epithet: (M:) or الظُّلُّ فِى الاـِنْسَانِ means the roots, or bases, (أُصُول) of what are termed بُطُونُ الأَصَابِعِ, next to the fore part [ of the bottom ] of the foot. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) Hence the prov., اـِنْ يَدْمَ أَظَلُّكَ فَقَدْ نَقِبَ خُفِّى [ If the fore part of the sole of thy foot be bleeding, the sole of my foot has become worn through, in holes: see نَقِبَ]: said to the complainer to him who is in a worse condition than he. (AHei, TA.)

مظلّ ذ [app. مَظِلٌّ, being from ظَلَّ of which the aor. is يَظِلُّ; A place of shade, or of continual shade ]. One says, هٰذَا مُنَاخِى وَمَحَلِّى وَبَيْتِى وَمظلِّى [ This is my nightly resting-place for the camels, and my place of abode, and my tent, and my place of shade, or of continual shade ]. (TA.)

مُظِلٌّ ذ A thing having shade; by means of which one shades himself; as also ↓ مُظَلِّلٌ. (Msb.) And [A cloudy day;] a day having clouds: or having continual shade. (TA.)

مِظَلَّةٌ ذ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and مَظَلَّةٌ, (T, M, Msb, K,) the former with kesr to the م as an instrumental noun, (Msb,) [and the latter with fet-h as a noun of place,] A large tent of [ goats' ] hair; (S, O, Msb;) more ample than the خِبَاآء; so says El-Fárábee: (Msb:) one of the kinds of tents of the Arabs of the desert, the largest of the tents of [ goats' ] hair; next after which is the وَسُوط; and then, the خِبَاآء, which is the smallest of the tents of [goats'] hair; so says AZ: but Aboo-Málik says that the مظلّة and the خباآء are small and large: IAar says that the خَيْمَة is of poles roofed with [the panic grass called] ثَمَام, and is not of cloths; but the مظلّة is of cloths: (T:) or it is of the tents called أَخْبِيَة; (M;) such as is large, of the أَخْبِيَة; (K;) and it is said to be only of cloths; and it is large, having a رِوَاق [q. v.]; but sometimes it is of one oblong piece of cloth (شُقَّة), and of two such pieces, and of three; and sometimes it has a كِفَاآء, which is its hinder part: or, accord. to Th, it is peculiarly of [ goats' ] hair: (M:) see also ظُلَّةٌ, and ظُلْظُلٌ: the pl. is مَظَالُّ; (M, Msb;) and مَظَالِ or مَظَالِى occurs at the end of a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abee-'Áïdh El-Hudhalee, for مَظَالِّ; the [latter] ل being either elided, or changed into ى. (M.) عِلَّةٌ مَا عِلَّةُ أَوْتَادٍ وَأَخِلَّةٍ وَعَمَدِ المِظَلَّةِ اُبْرُزُوا لِصِهْرِكُمْ ↓ ظُلَّةٌ [ A pretext: what is the pretext of tentpegs, and of pins for fastening together the edges of the pieces of the tent-cloth, and of the poles of the large tent? go ye forth: he who has married among you has a tent for shade from the sun: ] is a prov., and was said by a girl who had been married to a man, and whose family delayed to conduct her to her husband, urging in excuse that they had not the apparatus of the tent: she said this to urge them, and to put a stop to their excuse: (Meyd, TA: *) and the prov. is applied in attributing untruth to pretexts. (Meyd.) ― -b2- Hence, as being likened thereto, (assumed tropical:) A booth, or shed, made of palm-sticks, and covered with [ the panic grass called ] ثُمَام. (Msb.) ― -b3- And The thing [i. e. umbrella ] by means of which kings are shaded on the occasion of their riding; called in Pers. Jَتْر. (TA.)

عَرْشٌ مُظَلَّلٌ ذ [ A booth, or shed, shaded over ] is from الظِّلُّ. (S.)

مُظَلِّلٌ ذ : see مُظِلٌّ.

مُسْتَظِلٌّ ذ Blood that is in the جَوْف [or belly, or interior of the belly, or the chest ]. (T, O.) ― -b2- And [Az says,] I heard a man of the tribe of Teiyi apply the term المُسْتَظِلَّاتُ [so accord. to a copy of the T, but in the TA المُسْتَظِلُّ,] to Certain thin flesh, adhering to the interior of the two fetlock-joints of the camel, than which there is in the flesh of the camel none thinner, nor any softer, but there is in it no grease. (T.)

1 ظَلَعَ ذ , aor. ظَلَعَ , inf. n. ظَلْعٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) said of a camel, (S, O, Msb, K,) and of a man also, (Msb, TA,) and, by Aboo-Dhu-eyb, of a horse, (S, TA,) [and likewise said of a dog, (see ظَالِعٌ,)] He limped, or halted, syn. غَمَزَ فِى مَشْيِهِ, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) and عَرِجَ; (TA;) or was slightly lame: (Mgh:) what it signifies resembles عَرَجٌ [or natural lameness], and therefore it is said to be a slight عَرَج. (Msb.) One says, اِرْقَ عَلَى ظَلْعِكَ, (S, O, L, K,) a prov., (O, L,) meaning Ascend thou the mountain with knowledge [or because ] of thy limping, or slight lameness, not jading thyself: (L:) or deal gently with thyself, and burden not thyself with more than thou art able to do: (S:) or impose upon thyself, of what is difficult, [ only ] what thou art able to do; for he who ascends a ladder or stair, or a mountain, when he is one who limps, or has a slight lameness, deals gently with himself; i. e. exceed not thy proper limit in thy threatening, but see thy deficiency, and thine impotence to execute it: (O, K: *) and some say اِرْقَأْ, with, meaning rectify thine affair first; (O, K;) or as meaning abstain, and restrain thyself; (O;) or, accord. to AZ, abstain thou, for I know thy vices, or faults: (TA:) or the meaning of both is, be silent, because, or in consideration, of the fault that is in thee. (Ks, O, K. *) One says also, اِرْقِ عَلَى ظَلْعِكَ, with kesr to the ق, [meaning Charm thou thy slight lameness, to cure it, ] from الرُّقْيَةُ: and it is said in another prov., اِرْقِ عَلَى ظَلْعِكَ أَنْ يُهَاضَا [app. meaning Charm thou thy slight lameness, that it may become mitigated: see art. هيض: the final ا in يهاضا being what is termed أَلِفُ الاـِطْلَاقِ, not a radical]. (O, K.) And قِ عَلَى ظَلْعِكَ [ Be cautious, because, or in consideration, of thy limping ]: said when there is a vice, or fault, in a man, and you chide him in order that it may not be called to mind: (O, K: [for يَذْكُرَ in the CK, I read يُذْكَرَ, as in other copies of the K and in the O:]) and to this he replies, or may reply, وَقَيْتُ. (TA. [See also art. وقى.]) And اِرْبَعْ عَلَى ظَلْعِكَ [ Act gently, or with deliberation, or restrain thyself, because of thy limping ]; meaning thou art weak; therefore refrain from that which thou art not able to do. (O, K. [See also art. ربع.]) And لَا يَرْبَعُ عَلَى ظَلْعِكَ مَنْ لَيْسَ يَحْزُنُهُ أَمْرُكَ, meaning He will not mind thine affair (Hr, O, K) whom thy condition does not grieve: (Hr, O:) or, originally, he will not pause because of thy limping, when thou laggest behind thy companions on account of thy weakness, who does not care for thy case. (Hr, O, K. * [See, again, art. ربع.]) ― -b2- Also, said of a man, (tropical:) He stopped short, and lagged behind. (TA.) ― -b3- ظَلَعَتِ الأَرْضُ بِأَهْلِهَا (tropical:) The land became straitened with its inhabitants, by reason of their multitude; (A 'Obeyd, S, O, K;) it would not bear them, by reason of their multitude, like the beast that limps with its load because of its heaviness. (Z, TA.) ― -b4- ظَلَعَت said of a bitch, (tropical:) She desired copulation. (As, O, K, TA.) And ظَلَعَ said of a dog, (assumed tropical:) He desired to copulate. (TA.) -A2- ظَلَعَتْ عَيْنَهَا She (a woman) contracted and inclined her eye. (TA.)

4 اظلع ذ He made his camel, or beast, that he rode, to limp, or become lame. (A, TA.)

5 تَظَلَّعَ In the following saying of a poet, وَمَا ذَاكَ مِنْ جُرْمٍ أَتَيْتُهُمُ بِهِ وَلَا حَسَدٍ مِنِّى لَهُمْ يَتَظَلَّعُ ISd thinks the meaning to be, [ And that was not a crime, or an offence, that I committed against them, nor envy on my part ] arising in their minds, and occurring hastily to their understandings. (TA.)

ظَلَعٌ ذ , thus with fet-h to the ل, A declining from the truth, or from that which is right; and a sin, crime, fault, or misdeed. (TA.)

ظُلَاعٌ ذ A disease in the legs of a beast, not from journeying nor from fatigue, (Lth, K, TA, [in the O inadvertently written ضُلَاع,]) in consequence of which it limps. (Lth, TA.)

ظَالِعٌ ذ Limping, or halting; [or slightly lame; ] applied to a camel, and a horse, [&c.,] (S,) [i. e.,] to a beast, (TA,) to the male and the female alike, (Lth, O, K, TA,) to the former as a part. n., and to the latter as a possessive noun, (TA,) like غَامِزٌ; (Lth, O, TA;) or the fem. of ظَالِعٌ is ظَالِعَةٌ, (S, O, K, TA,) but one does not say غَامِزَةٌ: (O, TA:) [pl. ظُلَّعٌ.] One says, لَا أَنَامُ حَتَّى يَنَامَ ظَالِعُ الكِلَابِ [ I will not sleep until the limping dog sleeps ]; (O, K;) a prov., (O,) meaning, until the dogs become still; (O, K;) because the ظالع, of dogs, waits until there remains none other, and then copulates, and sleeps: (As, O, K:) ― -b2- or the ظالع is the dog that is lusting for the female; for such does not sleep; and the saying is applied to him who is mindful of his affair, who does not neglect it: ― -b3- or the bitch that is lusting for the male; because the dogs follow her, and will not let her sleep. (O, K.) ― -b4- Also Inclining, or declining: (O, K:) like ضَالِعٌ. (TA.) ― -b5- And [ Declining from the truth, or from that which is right; (see ظَلَعٌ;)] committing a sin, crime, fault, or misdeed. (TA.) ― -b6- And Suspected. (S, O, K.) -A2- In the saying of Ru-beh, فَاـِنْ تُخَالِجْنَ العُيُونَ الظُّلَّعَا [ And if ye women vie with the contracted and inclined eyes ], he means المَظْلُوعَةَ, [see 1, last sentence,] using the word in the manner of a possessive noun. (TA.)

مُظْلِعٌ ذ , applied to a load, i. q. مُضْلِعٌ [i. e. Heavily burdening, or overburdening, &c.; or causing to limp ]. (TA.)

مِظْلَاعٌ ذ an epithet applied to a horse [and the like, as meaning That limps, or halts, much ]. (TA.)

1 ظَلَفَ الصَّيْدَ ذ , (S, M, O,) or الشَّاةَ, (K,) aor. ظَلِفَ , inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, (M,) He hit in his ظِلْف [or cloven hoof ] (S, M, O, K) the animal of the chase (S, M, O) at which he had shot or cast, (S, O,) or the شاة [a term including the antelope and the like ]. (K.) -A2- ظَلَفَ أَثَرَهُ, (S, M, O, K,) aor. ظَلِفَ and ظَلُفَ , (M, K,) inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, (M, TA,) He made his foot-marks to be unapparent, in order that he might not be tracked: (K:) or he went, or walked, upon hard and rugged ground, in order that his foot-marks might not be visible (S, M, O, K) upon it; (S, O;) as also ↓ اظلفهُ; (S, M, L, TA;) in the K, erroneously ↓ ظالفه. (TA.) ― -b2- And ظُلِفَ It (a herd of camels driven together) was taken along ground such as is termed ظَلَف, (which means rugged ground, such as does not show foot-marks, M,) in order that the foot-marks thereof might not be followed. (S, O.) ― -b3- And ظَلَفَهُمْ, (M, K,) aor. ظَلُفَ , (M,) or ظَلِفَ , (TA,) inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, (M, TA,) He followed their foot-marks. (M, K.) -A3- ظَلَفَ نَفْسَهُ عَنْهُ, (T, S, M, O, K,) aor. ظَلِفَ , (S, O, K,) inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, (S, O,) He withheld himself from doing it, or coming to it; (S, O, K;) namely, a thing: (S, O:) or he restrained himself from it; (T, K;) namely, a thing that would disgrace him: (T:) or he withheld himself from the love, or blamable love, of it; namely, a thing. (M.) And ظَلَفَهُ عَنْهُ, (T, M,) aor. ظَلِفَ , inf. n. ظَلْفٌ, He withheld him from it; namely, an affair: (M:) or he made him to be, or become, far, or aloof, from it; or to avoid it; namely, a thing; as also ↓ اظلفهُ. (T, TA.) And ظَلَفَهُ [alone] He withheld him from that in which was no good. (M.) -A4- ظَلِفَتِ الأَرْضُ, (M, K,) [aor. ظَلَفَ ,] inf. n. ظَلَفٌ, (S, * M, TA,) The ground was rugged, not showing a foot-mark. (S, * M, K.) And ظَلِفَتْ مَعِيشَتُهُ, inf. n. ظَلَفٌ, His means of subsistence became hard, strait, or difficult. (TK.) -A5- ظَلِفَتْ نَفْسِى عَنْ كَذَا, aor. ظَلَفَ , inf. n. ظَلَفٌ, My mind, or soul, abstained, or refrained, from such a thing. (S.) -A6- [And accord. to the KL, ظَلَفٌ as an inf. n. signifies The being ineffectual (i. e. unretaliated, or uncompensated by a mulct, as expl. below); said of blood; and so ظَلْفٌ (which is also expl. below): ― -b2- and the being concealed ].

2 ظلّف عَلَيْهِ ذ , (IAar, T, O, K,) inf. n. تَظْلِيفٌ, (O,) He exceeded it; (IAar, T, O, K;) i. e. [a certain number of years in age, as, for instance,] السِّتِينَ [ sixty ], (T,) or الخَمْسِينَ [ fifty ]: (O:) and so طَلَّفَ and طَلَّثَ and ذَرَّفَ &c. (T, TA.)

3 ظالفهُ ذ : see 1, former half: it is a mistake, in the K, for اظلفهُ. (TA.)

4 اظلف ذ , said of a man, (IAar, T, O,) or of a company of men, (M,) He, or they, became, or came to be, (IAar, T, M, O, K,) in, or upon, a hard place, (IAar, T, O,) or in, or upon, what is termed أُظْلُوفَة (M, K) and ظَلَف. (M.) -A2- اظلفهُ: see 1, in two places.

ظَلْفٌ ذ , of ground, or land, Such as is rugged, that will not show any foot-mark; (M;) as also ↓ ظَلَفٌ: (S, * M:) or so ↓ ظَلِفَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ ظَلُفَةٌ and ↓ ظَلَفَةٌ: (K:) and ↓ ظَلَفٌ signifies ground such as horses like to run upon: (T:) or (i. e. the last) a place elevated above the water and the mud; and so ↓ ظَلِفٌ; (K;) this last thus expl. by Ibn-'Abbád: (O:) or this last and ↓ ظَلِفَةٌ, accord. to ISh, (TA,) or ↓ ظَلَفٌ and ↓ ظَلَفَةٌ, (so accord. to a copy of the T, in which the authority is not mentioned,) signify ground, or land, in which the foot-mark will not appear, and which is high and rugged: and accord. to Fr, ↓ ظَلِفٌ and ↓ ظَلِفَةٌ signify ground, or land, that will not show a foot-mark; as though it were prevented from doing so: (T, TA:) and ↓ ظِلْفٌ, (so in a copy of the T,) or ↓ ظَلِفٌ, (so in the TA,) accord. to Fr, signifies such as is soft, of ground, or land: but accord. to IAar, such as is hard, and does not show a foot-mark; in which is no softness, so as to be difficult to him who walks upon it; nor sand, so that the camels would have their feet burnt upon it; nor stones, so that they would be chafed, or abraded, in the soles of their feet, upon it: and it is also expl. (by IAar, TA) as meaning such as is rugged and hard, of ground, or land: (T, TA:) and ↓ ظَلِفَةٌ signifies high ground, or land, that will not show a foot-mark. (M.) [See also ظَلِيفٌ.] ― -b2- [In the CK, الظَّلْفُ is erroneously put for الظَّلَفُ as relating to the means of subsistence.] -A2- ظَلْفٌ also signifies Ineffectual, null, or void: and allowable. (TK.) One says, ذَهَبَ دَمُهُ ظَلْفًا, (AA, S, M, O, K,) and ↓ طَلَفًا, (AA, T, S, M, O, K,) and ↓ ظَلِيفًا, (M,) as also طَلْفًا and طَلَفًا (AA, O) [and طَلِيفًا], His blood went for nothing; as a thing of no account; ineffectually; or in vain; unretaliated, or uncompensated by a mulct. (AA, T, S, M, O, K.)

[ الظُّلْفُ ذ in Har p. 312, there said to be used as meaning Continence, and disdain of base actions, is app. a mistake for الظَّلْفُ, inf. n. of 1 in the phrase ظَلَفَ نَفْسَهُ.]

ظِلْفٌ ذ The ظُفْر [meaning cloven hoof ] of any ruminant (T, M) of the bovine kind and the like; (T;) [i. e.] it is an appertenance of the bovine kind and of the sheep and goat (S, O, Msb, K) and of the gazelle or antelope (S, O, K) and the like, (O, Msb, K,) which is to them like the ظُفْر to man, (Msb,) or like the قَدَم to us: (K:) one says the رِجْل and قَدَم of a man, and the حَافِر of a horse, and the خُفّ of a camel and of an ostrich, and the ظِلْف of a bovine animal and of a sheep or goat [and the like]: (ISk, T, TA:) pl. أَظْلَافٌ (S, M, O, Msb, K) and ظُلُوفٌ: (S, O, K:) and أَظْلَاف is applied, by 'Amr Ibn-Maadee-kerib, to the hoofs of horses, (S, M, O,) as is said by Lth and Az and IF, by poetic license, (O,) metaphorically: (S, O:) and by El-Akhtal, metaphorically, to the feet of men. (M, IB, TA.) [Its dual is used in the K, in explanations of the words شَعِرَةٌ and أَشْعَرُ, in the latter instance on the authority of Lh, as meaning The two halves of a cloven hoof. ] And one says, مَا جَشِمْتُ اـِلَيْكَ ظِلْفًا [app. meaning I have not had the trouble of bringing to thee so much as the hoof of a gazelle or the like ]. (AZ, TA in art. جشم, q. v.) And هُوَ يَأْكُلُهُ بِضِرْسٍ وَيَطَؤُهُ بِظِلْفٍ [ He eats it with a lateral tooth, and treads it with a cloven hoof; app. meaning, vehemently ]. (TA.) ― -b2- It is sometimes used as meaning (tropical:) Cloven-hoofed animals. (TA.) One says, مَا لَهُ خُفٌّ وَلَا حَافِرٌ وَلَا ظِلْفٌ (tropical:) [ He possesses not camels, nor horses or asses or mules, nor sheep or goats or other cloven-hoofed beasts ]. (TA in art. خف.) ― -b3- It also signifies [or implies] The making consecutive progressions in walking and in other actions, (T, K,) or, accord. to the L, in a thing. (TA.) One says, جَاآءَتِ الاـِبِلُ عَلَى ظِلْفٍ وَاحِدٍ (T, A, O, TA) i. e. The camels came following one another. (A, TA. [See also a similar phrase voce خُفٌّ.]) And غَنَمُ فُلَانٍ ظِلْفٍ وَاحِدٍ and وَاحِدٍ ↓ ظَلَفٍ The sheep, or goats, of such a one, have all of them brought forth [app. one after another ]. (M.) ― -b4- Also A thing that is suitable to the requirements of a man, and of a beast: (M:) and an object of desire: (M, O, K:) and an object of want. (T, K.) One says, أَصَابَ فُلَانٌ ظِلْفَهُ Such a one attained what was suitable to his requirements, and what he desired: and sometimes one says the like of any beast that finds, or lights on, or meets with, that which he likes. (M.) وَجَدَتِ الدَّابَّةُ ظِلْفَهَا is a prov., (M, O,) applied to him who finds the means of attaining that which he seeks; (Meyd;) meaning [ The beast found what was suitable to its requirements; or,] what withheld it [ from other things ] and prevented its desire [ thereof ]. (A, TA. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 807.]) And one says, وَجَدَتِ الشَّاةُ ظِلْفَهَا The sheep, or goat, found suitable pasturage, and therefore did not quit it: (K, TA:) a prov. mentioned by Fr; applied to him, of men and of beasts, that finds what is suitable to him. (TA.) And بَلَدٌ مِنْ ظِلْفِ الغَنَمِ A country of such as are suitable to sheep or goats. (M.) And وَجَدَ ظِلْفَهُ He found what he loved, (O,) or what he desired, (K,) and what was suitable to him; (TA;) said of a man. (O.) And مَا وَجَدْتُ عِنْدَهُ ظِلْفِى I did not find with him the object of my want. (TA.) -A2- See also ظَلْفٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. ― -b2- [In some copies of the K, الظِّلْفُ is erroneously put for الظَّلَفُ as relating to the means of subsistence. And in the CK ظِلْفُهَا is erroneously put for ظَلِفُهَا as meaning ظَلِفُ النَّفْسِ.]

ظَلَفٌ ذ [as an inf. n.: see 1, last quarter. ― -b2- Also] Hardness, or difficulty, (S, O, K,) or coarseness, (M,) in the means of subsistence: (S, M, O, K:) thus the word is correctly written: not ظِلْف, as we find it written in [copies of] the K: [nor ظَلْف, as in the CK:] and ظَلَفُ العَيْشِ occurs in a trad., (O, TA,) meaning straitness, and hardness or difficulty, and coarseness, of the means of subsistence. (TA.) -A2- See also ظَلْفٌ, in three places, near the beginning of the paragraph. -A3- And see the last sentence of that paragraph. ― -b2- Also Anything that is easy, or of light estimation, paltry, or despicable; [as also طَلَفٌ;] syn. كُلُّ هَيْنٍ, (M,) or كُلُّ هَيِّنٍ. (TA.) -A4- See also ظِلْفٌ, latter half. ― -b2- And see ظَلِيفَة.

ظَلِفٌ ذ : see ظَلْفٌ, former half, in three places. -A2- ظَلِفُ النَّفْسِ, [accord. to the CK ظَلْفُ النَّفْسِ, but this is a mistranscription,] and النَّفْسِ ↓ ظَلِيفُ, (M, O, K,) A man who withholds himself from the love, or blamable love, of a thing: (M:) or one who abstains from that which is indecorous; syn. نَزِهُ النَّفْسِ. (O, K.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ ظَلِفَةُ النَّفْسِ i. q. عَزِيزَةٌ عِنْدَ نَفْسِهَا [app. A woman strong to resist, in her own estimation; and therefore meaning one who abstains from that which is indecorous: Golius renders it mulier pudica, et de honore suo sollicita ]. (S, TA.) -A3- See also ظَلِفَةٌ.

[ الظُّلَفُ ذ in Har p. 623, there said to mean The restraining the soul from its desire, or blamable inclination, is app. a mistranscription for الظَّلَفُ, inf. n. of ظَلِفَتِ النَّفْسُ.]

ظَلْفَةٌ ذ : see ظَلْفٌ. -A2- Also A certain brand, or mark made with a hot iron, upon a camel; and so ↓ ظَلِفَةٌ. (O, K.)

ظَلَفَةٌ ذ : see ظَلْفٌ, in two places, near the beginning. ― -b2- [Hence, perhaps,] one says, أَقَامَهُ ا@للّٰهُ, عَلَى الظَّلَفَاتِ, (TA, [there said to be مُحَرَّكَة,]) or الظلِفات, (so in a copy of the T, [i. e. ↓ الظَّلِفَاتِ,]) meaning [ God made him to keep to ] a state of hardship and straitness. (T, TA.)

ظَلِفَةٌ ذ : see ظَلْفٌ, in four places: ― -b2- and see ظَلَفَةٌ: -A2- and ظَلْفَةٌ. -A3- Also The [ lower ] end of the [ curved piece of wood called the ] حِنْو [ that lies against the side, at the fore part and at the hinder part, ] of the [ kind of saddle called ] قَتَب, and of the [ kind called ] اـِكَاف, and the like; being in what is next to the ground, of the sides thereof: (Lth, T, TA:) or its pl., which is ظَلِفَاتٌ (S, M, O, K) and ↓ ظَلِفٌ, (O, K, [or rather the latter is a coll. gen. n.,]) signifies the four pieces of wood, (S, M, O, K,) of the [ saddle called the ] رَحْل and of the [ saddle called the ] قَتَب, (S, O,) that are upon the two sides of the camel, (S, M, O, K,) the lower ends of which touch the ground when they are put down upon it; in the وَاسِط [or fore part of the saddle ] are two (i. e. ظَلِفَتَانِ), and so in the مُؤَخَّرَة [or hinder part ], and they are the lower portions of the حِنْوَانِ; (S, O, K;) for the parts above them, next to the [ pieces of wood called the ] عَرَاقِى, are [ called ] the عَضُدَانِ, and the elongated pieces of wood upon the sides of the camel are the أَحْنَاآء [pl. of حِنْوٌ]: (S, O:) AZ says that the upper portions of the ظَلِفَتَانِ, [a mistake for the حِنْوَانِ, as is shown by what follows,] next to the عَرَاقِى, are [called] the عَضُدَانِ; below them being the ظَلِفَتَانِ, which are the lower parts of the حِنْوَانِ of the وَاسِط and of the مُؤَخَّرَة. (T, TA.) ― -b2- [Hence] one says, قَامُوا عَلَى ظَلِفَاتِهِمْ, meaning عَلَى أَطْرَافِهِمْ (tropical:) [ They stood upon their extremities, i. e. their feet ]. (TA.) ― -b3- And نَحْنُ عَلَى ظَلِفَاتِ أَمْرٍ (tropical:) We are on the verge of an affair, or event. (TA.) ― -b4- See also ظَلِيفَة.

ظَلْفَاآءُ ذ A smooth stone or rock, or a hard, smooth, large stone, (صَفَاةٌ,) even with the ground, (T, O, K,) round (مدورة), (so in a copy of the T, [i. e. مُدَوَّرَة,]) or extended (مَمْدُودَة). (O, K.)

ظُلَّفٌ ذ [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned: accord. to general analogy, the sing. should be ظَالِفٌ]. ظُلُوفٌ ظُلَّفٌ means Hard ظُلُوف [or divided hoofs ]: (S, O, K:) the latter word being a corroborative. (S, O.)

ظَلِيفٌ ذ A rough, or rugged, place, (S, M, O, K, TA,) in which is much sand. (M, TA. [See also ظَلْفٌ.]) ― -b2- And A man (S, O) evil in condition (T, S, M, K) in respect of his means of subsistence: (T:) and low, abject, or abased, and weak. (M, O, K.) ― -b3- And An affair that is hard, or difficult: (K:) anything difficult to one to seek: (IDrd. M, O:) and evil hard to be borne, or severe. (S, O.) ― -b4- See also ظَلِفٌ. -A2- Also Hardship, or difficulty. (O, K.) -A3- ذَهَبَ بِهِ ظَلِيفًا He went away with it, or took it away, without compensation, or without price: (T, S, M, K:) and so طَلِيفًا. (Yoo, TA in art. طلف.) And ذَهَبَ بِغُلَامِى ظَلِيفًا He went away with, or took away, my young man, or slave, without price. (AZ, S, O.) ― -b2- See also ظَلْفٌ, last sentence. -A4- أَخَذَهُ بِظَلِيفِ رَقَبَتِهِ He took him by the base of his neck. (O, K, * TA.) ― -b2- See also what here follows.

أَخَذَهُ بِظَلِيفَتِهِ ذ , (S, M, O, L,) or ↓ بِظَلِيفِهِ, (K,) and ↓ بِظَلَفِهِ, (S, O, K,) ↓ بِظَلِفَتِهِ, (T, M, L,) He took it altogether, or wholly, (T, * S, O, K,) or with its root, or base, and wholly, (M, L,) not leaving of it anything: (T, S, M, O, L, K:) so says AZ. (S.)

أُظْلُوفَةٌ ذ A piece of rugged, or rough, ground: (T:) or ground, (S, O, K,) or hard ground, (TA,) in which are sharp stones, as though its composition were that of a mountain: (S, O, K, TA:) pl. أَظَالِيفُ. (T, S, &c.)

مَظْلُوفٌ ذ An animal of the chase, at which one has shot or cast, hit in his ظِلْف [or cloven hoof ]. (Yaakoob, S.)

1 ظَلَمَ ذ , aor. ظَلِمَ , has for its inf. n. ظَلْمٌ, (M, Msb, K, and so in some copies of the S,) or ↓ ظُلْمٌ, (so in other copies of the S,) or both, (T,) or the latter is a simple subst., (T, M, Msb, TA,) which is put in the place of the inf. n., (TA, [and the same is indicated in the T and K by the saying that the proper inf. n. is with fet-h,]) and ↓ مَظْلِمَةٌ, (S, TA,) or this is likewise a simple subst., (Msb,) and ↓ مَظْلَمَةٌ, [or this also is a simple subst.,] and ↓ ظِلَامٌ also is said to be an inf. n. like ظُلْمٌ, these two being like لِبَاسٌ and لُبْسٌ, [or it is a simple subst. like as ظُلْمٌ is said to be, or it is an inf. n. of 3, as such occurring in the middle of this paragraph,] or, accord. to Kr, it is pl. of ظُلْمٌ [like as رِمَاحٌ is pl. of رُمْحٌ]: (TA:) [ظَلَمَ when intrans. generally means He did wrong; or acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: and when trans., he wronged; or treated, or used, wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; or he misused: ] accord. to most of the lexicologists, (Er-Rághib, TA,) primarily, (As, T, S, Msb,) ↓ الظُّلْمُ signifies the putting a thing in a place not its own; putting it in a wrong place; misplacing it: (As, T, S, M, Er-Rághib, Msb, K:) and it is by exceeding or by falling short, or by deviating from the proper time and place: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the acting in whatsoever way one pleases in the disposal of the property of another: and the transgressing the proper limit: (El-Munáwee, TA:) [i. e.] the transgressing the proper limit much or little: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or, accord. to some, it primarily signifies النَّقْص [as meaning the making to suffer loss, or detriment ]: (MF, TA:) and it is said to be of three kinds, between man and God, and between man and man, and between a man and himself; every one of which three is really لِلنَّفْسِ [i. e. a wrongdoing to oneself ]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [when it is used as a simple subst.,] the pl. of ظُلْمٌ, accord. to Kr. is ظِلَامٌ, as mentioned above, and ↓ ظُلَامٌ, with damm, is said to be syn. with ظُلْمٌ, or a pl. thereof, [of an extr. form, commonly regarded as that of a quasi-pl. n.,] like رُخَالٌ. (TA.) One says, مَنِ ا@سْتَرْعَى الذِّئْبَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ [ He who asks, or desires, the wolf to keep guard surely does wrong, or puts a thing in a wrong place ]: a prov. (S, Msb.) And مَنْ أَشْبَهَ أَبَاهُ فَمَا ظَلَمَ, (As, T, S,) a prov., meaning [ Whoso resembles his father in a quality, or an attribute,] he has not put the likeness in a wrong place. (As, T. [See art. شبه.]) وَلَمْ تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا, in the Kur [xviii. 31], means وَلَمْ تَنْقُصْ [i. e. And made not aught thereof to suffer loss, or detriment ]: (M, K:) and in like manner Fr explains the saying in the Kur [ii. 54 and vii. 160], وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ And they made not us to suffer loss, or detriment, by that which they did, but themselves they made to suffer loss, or detriment: (T, TA:) in which sense it seems to be indicated in the A that the verb is tropical. (TA.) ― -b2- It is also trans. by means of بِ; as in the phrase in the Kur [vii. 101 and xvii. 61] فَظَلَمُوا بِهَا, because the meaning is كَفَرُوا [i. e. And they disbelieved in them ], referring to the اآيَات [or signs ]; (M, TA; *) the verb having this meaning tropically or by implication; or being thus made trans. because implying the meaning of التَّكْذِيب: or [the meaning is, and they wronged themselves, or the people, because of them; for], as some say, the ب is causative, and the objective complement, i. e. أَنْفُسَهُمْ, or النَّاسَ, is suppressed. (TA.) ― -b3- And it is doubly trans. by itself: (TA:) one says, ظَلَمَهُ حَقَّهُ [ He made him to suffer loss, or detriment, of his right, or due; or defrauded, or despoiled, or deprived, him of it ]; and حَقَّهُ ↓ تظلّمهُ: (M, K:) [and] you say, فُلَانٌ ↓ تَظَلَّمَنِى, [as well as تظلّمنى مَالِى, occurring in a verse cited in the M,] meaning ظَلَمَنِى مَالِى [i. e. Such a one caused me to suffer loss, &c., of my property ]. (S.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 44], اـِنَّ ا@للّٰهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, for لَا يَظْلِمُهُمْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةِ, and the verb is made doubly trans. because the meaning is لَا يَسْلُبُهُمْ [i. e. Verily God will not despoil them, or deprive them, of the weight of one of the smallest of ants, or a grub of an ant, &c.]: or مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, may be put in the place of the inf. n., for ظَلْمًا حَقِيرًا كَمِثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ [i. e. with a paltry spoliation or deprivation, such as the weight of one of the smallest of ants, &c.]. (M.) ― -b4- One says also, أَرَادَ ظِلَامَهُ and مُظَالَمَتَهُ, [these two nouns being inf. ns. of ↓ ظَالَمَهُ, or the former, as mentioned above, is, accord. to some, an inf. n. of ظَلَمَ,] meaning ظُلْمَهُ or ظَلْمَهُ [i. e. He desired the wronging, &c., of him ]. (M, K.) ― -b5- ظَلَمَهُ, inf. n. ظُلْمٌ [or ظَلْمٌ?], also means He imposed upon him a thing that was above his power, or ability. (TA.) And يُظْلَمُ He is asked for a thing that is above his power, or ability. (S.) ― -b6- And one says, ظَلَمَ البَعِيرَ (tropical:) He slaughtered the camel without disease. (S, K, TA.) And ظُلِمَتِ النَّاقَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel was slaughtered without disease: or was covered without her desiring the stallion. (M.) And ظَلَمَ الحِمَارُ الأَتَانَ (tropical:) The he-ass leaped the she-ass (K, TA) before her time: (TA:) or when she was pregnant: (K, TA:) so in the A. (TA.) ― -b7- And ظَلَمَ الوَطْبَ, (S, K,) inf. n. ظُلْمٌ [or ظَلْمٌ?], (S,) (tropical:) He gave to drink of the milk of his skin before its becoming thick (S, K, TA) and its butter's coming forth. (TA. [And the like is said in the T and M.]) And ظَلَمَ القَوْمَ (assumed tropical:) He gave to drink to the people, or party, (T, M, K,) milk before it had attained to maturity, (T, K,) as related on the authority of A 'Obeyd, (T,) or [ milk such as is termed ] ظَلِيمَة: (M:) but this is a mistake: it is related on the authority of [...]

2 ظلّمهُ ذ , inf. n. تَظْلِيمٌ, (T, S, &c.,) He told him that he was ظَالِم [i. e. doing wrong or acting wrongfully &c., or a wrongdoer ]: (T:) or he attributed, or imputed, to him ظُلْم [i. e. wrongdoing, &c.]. (S, M, Msb, K.) ― -b2- And He (a judge) exacted justice for him from his wronger, and aided him against him. (T.)

3 ظَاْلَمَ see 1, in the middle of the paragraph.

4 اظلم ذ , said of the night, (Fr, T, S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ ظَلِمَ, (Fr, T, S, K,) the latter with kesr, (S,) like سَمِعَ, (K,) [erroneously written in the TT as from the M ظَلَمَ,] It became dark; (S, K;) or it became black; (M;) or it came with its darkness. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 19], وَاـِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا [ And when it becomes dark to them they stand still ]; the verb being intrans.: or, accord. to the Ksh, and Bd follows it, it may be trans. [so that the meaning is, and when He makes their place dark &c.]; as is shown by another reading, which is أُظْلِمُوا: accord. to AHei, it is known by transmission as only intrans.; but Z makes it to be trans. by itself; Ibn-Es-Saláh affirms it to be trans. and intrans.: and Az [so in the TA, but correctly ISd, in the M,] mentions the saying, تَكَلَّمَ فَأَظْلَمَ عَلَيْنَا البَيعتَ (assumed tropical:) [ He spoke, and made dark to us the house, or chamber, or tent ], meaning he made us to hear what we disliked, or hated, the verb being trans. (TA.) ― -b2- And أَظْلَمُوا They entered upon the ظَلَام [or darkness, or beginning of night ]: (S, M, Msb, K:) or, as in the Mufradát [of Er-Rághib], they became in darkness. (TA.) ― -b3- And they said, مَا أَظْلَمَهُ and ما أَضْوَأَهُ [ How dark is it! and How light, or bright, is it! ]; which is anomalous. (S, TA.) -A2- And اظلم الثَّغْرُ The front teeth glistened. (T, K.) Hence the saying [of a poet], اـِذَا مَا ا@جْتَلَى الرَّائِى اـِلَيْهَا بِطَرْفِهِ غُرُوبَ ثَنَايَاهَا أَضَاآءَ وَأَظْلَمَا [as though meaning, When the beholder of her with his eye looks at the fineness, or sharpness, (but غُرُوب is variously explained,) of her central teeth, it shines brightly, and glistens: but Az plainly indicates another meaning; i. e., he sees (lit. lights on, or finds, ) brightness and lustre; for he immediately adds, without the intervention of وَ or أَوْ, evidently in relation to this verse,] أَضَاآءَ أَىْ أَصَابَ ضَوْءًا وَأَظْلَمَ أَصَابَ ظَلْمًا: (T:) [and ISd cites the verse above with the substitution of بِعَينِهِ for بِطَرْفِهِ and of أَنَارَ for أَضَاآءَ immediately after saying that] أَظْلَمَ signifies he looked at the teeth and saw lustre (الظَّلْمَ). (M.) [In the K, next after the explanation of اظلم الثَّغْرُ given above, it is added that اظلم said of a man signifies أَصَابَ ظَلْمًا: thus, with fet-h, to the ظ, accord. to the TA: in my MS. copy of the K and in the CK, ظُلْمًا, which is doubtless a mistranscription.]

5 تَظَلَّمَ تظلّم مِنْهُ (T, S, M, K, [but in some copies of the S, منه is omitted,]) He complained of his ظُلْم [or wrongdoing, &c.], (S, M, K,) اـِلَى الحَاكِمِ [ to the judge ]: (T:) in some copies of the S, تُظُلِّمَ. (TA.) ― -b2- And تظلّم signifies also He transferred the responsibility for the ظُلْم [or wrongdoing, &c.,] upon himself, (M, K,) accord. to IAar, who has cited as an ex., كَانَتْ اـِذَا غَضِبَتْ عَلَىَّ تَظَلَّمَتْ [as though meaning She used, when she was angry with me, to transfer the responsibility for the wrongdoing upon herself; which may mean that she finally confessed the wrongdoing to be hers]; but [ISd says] I know not how that is: the تَظَلُّم in this case is only the complaining of الظُّلْم; for when she was angry with him, it was not allowable [to say] that she attributed the ظُلْم to herself. (M.) ― -b3- See also 1, former half, in two places.

6 تظالم القَوْمُ ذ (S, M, Msb) The people, or company of men, treated, or used, one another wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically (ظَلَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا). (M, Msb.) ― -b2- And [hence] تَظَالَمَتِ المِعْزَى (tropical:) The goats smote one another with their horns by reason of their being fat and having abundance of herbage. (IAar, M, TA.) One says, وَجَدْنَا أَرْضًا تَظَالَمَ مِعْزَاهَا (tropical:) We found a land whereof the goats smote one another with their horns by reason of satiety and liveliness. (T, TA.)

7 اـِنْظَلَمَ see the next paragraph.

8 اِظَّلَمَ ذ (T, S, M, K) and اِظْطَلَمَ and اِطَّلَمَ, (S, M,) which last is [said to be] the most usual, (S,) [but I have mostly found the first to be used,] of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, (S, M,) He took upon himself [ the bearing of ] ظُلْم [or wrong, &c.,] in spite of difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience: (S, TA:) or he bore الظُّلْم [or wrong, &c.,] (T, M, K, TA,) willingly, being able to resist; (T, TA;) and ↓ اِنْظَلَمَ signifies [thus likewise, or] he bore الظُّلْم. (S, M, K.)

ظَلْمٌ ذ The lustre, and brightness, of gold. (Z, TA.) ― -b2- And hence, (Z, TA,) The lustre (lit. running water ) upon the teeth; (Lth, T, Z, TA;) the lustre (مَاآء, S, M, K, and بَرِيق, S, K) of the teeth, (Lth, T, S, M, Z, K, TA,) from the clearness of the colour, not from the saliva, (Lth, * T, * M,) like blackness within the bone thereof, by reason of the intense whiteness, (S, K,) resembling the فِرِنْد [q. v.] of the sword, (S, K,) or appearing like the فِرِنْد [ of the sword ], so that one imagines that there is in it a blackness, by reason of the intense lustre and clearness: (M:) or, accord. to Sh, whiteness of the teeth, as though there were upon it [ somewhat of ] a blackness: or, as Abu-l-'Abbás ElAhwal says, in the Expos. of the “ Kaabeeyeh, ” lustre (lit. running water ) of the teeth, such that one sees upon it, by reason of its intense clearness [app. meaning transparency ], what resembles dustcolour and blackness: or, accord. to another explanation, fineness, or thinness, and intense whiteness, of the teeth: (TA:) pl. ظُلُومٌ. (S, M.) ― -b3- Also Snow: (M, K:) it is said to have this meaning: and the phrase مُشْرَبَةِ الثَّنَايَا بِمَاآءِ الظَّلْمِ, used by a poet, may mean [ Having the central teeth suffused with the lustre termed ظَلْم, as is indicated in the T and S, or] with the water of snow. (Lth, T.)

ظُلْمٌ ذ [as a simple subst. generally means Wrong, wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, or tyranny ]: see 1, first sentence, in two places. ― -b2- [ظُلْمُ الارضِ in the CK is a mistranscription for ظَلَمَ الأَرْضَ. ― -b3- And الظُلْمُ in one place in the CK, as syn. with الظَّلْمَاآءُ, is a mistake for الظُّلْمَةُ.]

لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ ذ , (S, M, K,) or أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ, (K, TA, [in the CK اَوَّلَ ذِى ظَلَمٍ,]) means (tropical:) I met him the first of everything: (S, K, TA:) or the first thing: (M:) or when the darkness was becoming confused: (M, K:) or أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ means near; (El-Umawee, S, M, K;) or nearness: (M, K:) and one says, هُوَ مِنْكَ أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ [app. He is near thee ], and رَأَيْتُهُ أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ [app. I saw him near ]: (M:) and ظَلَمٌ is also syn. with شَخْصٌ [as meaning an object seen from a distance, or a person ]; (K;) or, as some say, it has this meaning in the phrase أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ [so that لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ may mean I met him the nearest object seen from a distance, or the nearest person ]: (M:) and accord. to Kh, one says, ↓ لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظُلْمَةٍ, or أَوَّلَ ذِى ظُلْمَةٍ, (as in different copies of the S,) meaning I met him the first thing that obstructed my sight. (S.) ― -b2- ظَلَمٌ signifies also A mountain: and the pl. is ظُلُومٌ. (M, K.)

ظُلَمٌ ذ an appellation of Three nights (T, S, K) of the lunar month (T, S) next after the three called دُرَعٌ; (T, S, * K; *) so says A'Obeyd: (T:) thus called because of their darkness: (S:) the sing. is ↓ ظَلْمَاآءُ; (T, S;) so that it is anomalous; for by rule it should be ظُلْمٌ; (S;) and the sing. of دُرَعٌ is دَرْعَاآءُ: so says A'Obeyd: but accord. to AHeyth and Mbr, the sings. are ↓ ظُلْمَةٌ and دُرْعَةٌ, agreeably with rule; and this is the correct assertion. (T. [See more in art. درع, voce أَدْرَعُ.])

ظِلَمٌ ذ : see ظِلَّامٌ.

ظُلْمَةٌ ذ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ ظُلُمَةٌ (S, M, K) [accord. to the CK ظُلْمٌ and ظُلُمٌ, both of which are wrong,] and ↓ ظَلْمَاآءُ (S, M, Msb, K) Darkness; contr. of نُورٌ: (S, Msb:) or nonexistence of نُور [or light ]: or an accidental state that precludes the coëxistence therewith of نُور: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the departure of light; as also ↓ ظَلَامٌ; (M, K;) which last has no pl.; (T, TA;) or this last signifies the beginning, or first part, of night, (S, M, Msb,) even though it be one in which the moon shines; and is said by Sb to be used only adverbially; one says, أَتَيْتُهُ ظَلَامًا, meaning I came to him at night, and مَعَ الظَّلَامِ i. e. at the time of the night: (M, TA:) the pl. of ظُلْمَةٌ is ظُلَمٌ and ظُلُمَاتٌ and ظُلَمَاتٌ (T, S, Msb) and ظُلْمَاتٌ, (S, Msb,) or, accord. to IB, the first of these pls. is of ظُلْمَةٌ and the second is of ظُلُمَةٌ. (TA.) One says, ↓ هُوَ يَخْبِطُ الظَّلَامَ [or فِى الظَّلَامِ, expl. in art. خبط], and الظُّلْمَةَ [which means the same] and ↓ الظَّلْمَاآءَ [which is also expl. in art. خبط]. (TA.) ― -b2- ظُلْمَةٌ is also [tropically] used as a term for (assumed tropical:) Ignorance: and (assumed tropical:) belief in a plurality of gods: and (assumed tropical:) transgression, or unrighteousness: like as نُورٌ is used as a term for their contraries: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and it is said in the A that الظُّلْمُ is ظُلْمَةٌ, like as العَدْلُ is نُورٌ. (TA.) ظُلُمَاتُ البَحْرِ means (assumed tropical:) The troubles, afflictions, calamities, or hardships, of the sea. (M.) -A2- And one says لَيْلَةٌ ظُلْمَةٌ, [using the latter word as an epithet, (in the CK, erroneously, ظَلِمَةٌ,)] and ↓ لَيْلَةٌ ظَلْمَاآءُ, both meaning A night intensely dark; (M, K;) or the latter means مُظْلِمَةٌ [i. e. dark, or black ]: (S:) and ↓ لَيْلٌ ظَلْمَاآءُ also, (M, K,) which is anomalous, (K,) mentioned by IAar, but [ISd says] this is strange, and in my opinion he has put لَيْلٌ in the place of لَيْلَةٌ, as in his mentioning لَيْلٌ قَمْرَاآءُ [q. v.]. (M.) ― -b2- See also ظُلَمٌ: ― -b3- and see the paragraph next preceding it.