Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

صَخْدَانٌ ذ : see what next follows.

يَوْمٌ صَخَدَانٌ ذ (S, L, K) and ↓ صَخْدَانٌ (Th, L, K) and ↓ صَيْخُودٌ (S, L, K [written by Freytag, as from the S, صَخُودٌ]) and ↓ صَاخِدٌ and ↓ صَيْخَدٌ (L) A day intensely hot. (S, L, K.) And لَيْلَةٌ صَخَدَانَةٌ A night intensely hot. (L.) And هَاجِرَةٌ ↓ صَيْخُودٌ A midday intensely hot. (A.) ― -b2- [صَخَدَانٌ is originally an inf. n. Hence] one says, أَتَيْتُهُ فِى صَخَدَانِ الحَرِّ I came to him during the intenseness of the heat: (L:) and one says also, الحَرِّ ↓ اتيته فِى مَصَاخِدِ I came to him in the midday-intensities of the heat; (TA;) for مَصَاخِدُ is pl. of ↓ مَصْخَدَةٌ signifying the midday-intensity of heat; (K, TA;) as also ↓ صَاخِدَةٌ: (L, TA:) and الحَرِّ ↓ اتيته فِى صَيَاخِيدِ [meaning the same; or I came to him during the intensities of the heat ]: (TA:) and وَالبَرْدُ ↓ رَمَانِى الحَرُّ بِصَيَاخِيدِهِ بِصَنَادِيدِهِ [ The heat smote me with its intensities, and the cold with its vehemencies ]. (A.)

صَاخِدٌ ذ Intense heat. (L.) ― -b2- See also صَخَدَانٌ. -A2- [Also Crying, as a صُرَد and as an owl.] One says هَامٌ صَوَاخِدُ [in which the latter word is pl. of the fem. صَاخِدَةٌ] Owls hooting. (A.) -A3- And Listening, and inclining, to one. (L.) -A4- وَاحِدٌ قَاحِدٌ صَاخِدٌ [the second word here written in the TA and in my MS. copy of the K فَاخِدٌ, but it is said in the TA in art. قحد, on the authority of the K, to be correctly with ق,] means صُنْبُورٌ, (K, TA,) i. e. Single, or solitary, and weak: or i. q. دَاهِيَةٌ [i. e. very cunning, or very intelligent or sagacious, and crafty: but this meaning I think improbable]. (TA. [See also art. قحد.])

صَيْخَدٌ ذ : see صَخَدَانٌ. ― -b2- Also الصَّيْخَدُ, (L, K,) or صَيْخَدُ الشَّمْسِ, (A,) The rays (عَيْن) of the sun: (A, L, K:) so called because of the heat thereof. (L.) One says, ذَابَ صَيْخَدُ الشَّمْسِ [ The rays of the sun became intensely hot ], (A,) and اِسْتَذَابَ الصَّيْخَدُ [which means the same]. (L.)

صَاخِدَةٌ ذ : see صَخَدَانٌ.

صَيْخَادٌ ذ : see the next paragraph, in two places.

صَيْخُودٌ ذ ; and its pl. صَيَاخِيدُ: see صَخَدَانٌ, in four places. ― -b2- صَخْرَةٌ صَيْخُودٌ A hard rock which becomes intensely hot when the sun shines fiercely upon it: (L:) or [simply] a hard rock; (S, K;) as also ↓ صَيْخَادٌ: (K:) or a solid, firm, and strong, rock; and so ↓ صَيْخَادٌ: (TA:) or a smooth and hard rock, that cannot be moved from its place, and upon which iron has not effect: and a great rock, which nothing can raise, and upon which neither a pickaxe nor any other thing has effect: (L:) or a rock upon which the pickaxe has no effect: (A:) pl. as above. (L.)

صَيْخَدُونٌ ذ Hardness (K, TA) and strength. (TA.)

مَصْخَدَةٌ ذ ; and its pl.: see صَخَدَانٌ.

مُصْطَخِدٌ ذ A chameleon standing erect, towards the sun; [app. on a branch;] as also مُصْطَخِمٌ. (L. [See also 4.])

2 تَصْخِيرٌ ذ [inf. n. of صَخَّرَ] i, q. تَسْخِيرٌ. (K.)

صَخْرٌ ذ (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ صَخَرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the latter on the authority of Yaakoob, (S,) thus sometimes pronounced, (Msb,) Rocks; or great masses of stone: (S:) or great masses of hard stone: (A, K:) and صَخْرَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and صَخَرَةٌ (S, Msb, K) [are the ns. un., signifying] one thereof, (S, A, K,) or these have a more special signification [as meaning a rock and a mass of rock ]: (Msb:) pl. صُخُورٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and صُخُورَةٌ (A, Sgh, L) and [of صَخْرَةٌ and صَخَرَةٌ] صَخَرَاتٌ. (Msb, K. [In the latter, صَخْرٌ and صَخَرٌ, as well as صُخُورٌ and صَخَرَاتٌ, are improperly termed pls. of صخرة.]) By صَخْرَة in the Kur xxxi. 15 is meant a صخرة that is beneath the ground. (Zj, TA.) And by the صَخْرَة mentioned in a trad. as being of, or from, Paradise is meant the صخرة [or rock] of Jerusalem [in the centre of the building now called “ the Dome of the Rock ”]. (TA.)

صَخَرٌ ذ ; n. un. صَخَرَةٌ: see صَخْرٌ.

صَخِرٌ ذ A place abounding in rocks, or great masses of hard stone; as also ↓ مُصْخِرٌ. (K.)

صَخِيرٌ ذ A certain plant. (K.) [Golius explains this as meaning Great, applied to a rock, or mass of stone; and so مَصْخَرٌ; on the authority of J: but neither of these do I find in the S.]

صَخِيرَةٌ ذ : see صَحِيرَةٌ.

صَاخِرٌ ذ The sound of iron [ striking ] upon iron. (K.)

صَاخِرَةٌ ذ A kind of earthen vessel, (S, A, K,) out of which one drinks. (A.)

أَصْخَرُ الوَجْهِ ذ (tropical:) A hard-faced man; one having little shame. (A.)

مُصْخِرٌ ذ ; see صَخِرٌ.

1 صَخَمَتْهُ الشَّمْسُ ذ The sun smote, or hurt, or burned, him, or his face. (K.)

8 اصطخم ذ , (S, K,) and اصطحم, (K,) He stood erect, (S, K, TA,) and El-'Abbás adds, silent, as though he were angry. (TA.) [See also the part. n., below.]

صَخْمَاآءُ ذ A [stony tract such as is termed] حَرَّة in which the plain is intermixed with the rugged. (K.)

مُصْطَخِمٌ ذ part. n. of 8. (S.) Applied to a chameleon, Standing erect, towards the sun; [app. on a branch;] as also مُصْطَخِدٌ. (L in art. صخد.)

1 صَدَّ عَنْهُ ذ , (S, M, K, &c.,) aor. صَدُ3َ (S, M, A) and صَدِ3َ , (M,) the latter only agreeable with analogy, (MF,) [but the former, which is the more common, explainable on the ground that وَجْهَهُ or the like is understood,] inf. n. صُدُودٌ (S, M, A, K) and صَدٌّ, (M,) He turned away from, avoided, shunned, and left, him, or it; he was averse from him, or it; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) he turned away his face from him [or it ]: (Ham p. 89:) and صَدَّهُ also, aor. صَدُ3َ , inf. n. صَدٌّ, he forsook him, and turned away his face from him. (L.) One says, أَرَى فِيكَ صُدُودًا [ I see in thee aversion ]. (A.) And لَا صَدَّ عَنْ ذَاكَ [lit. There is no evading that ], meaning truly thou didst that. (Lh, M.) صَدَّ السَّبِيلُ (tropical:) [ The road, or way, turned aside ] is said when a difficult road up a mountain, (A, L,) or some other obstacle, (A,) presents itself before thee, and thou leavest it, and takest another way. (A, L.) ― -b2- And صَدَّهُ عَنْهُ, (S, M, K, &c.,) aor. صَدُ3َ , (Msb,) inf. n. صَدٌّ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ اصدّهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. اـِصْدَادٌ; (TA;) and ↓ صدّدهُ; (M;) He averted him; turned him, or sent him, away, or back; or caused him to return, or go back, or revert; from it: (S, M, Msb, K:) prevented, or hindered, him from doing it: (S, A, Msb, K:) or did so by gentle means: and so ضَدَّهُ. (L in art. ضد.) -A2- صَدَّ, aor. صَدِ3َ , (T, S, M, A, K,) agreeably with analogy, (MF,) and this is the more approved form, (T,) and صَدُ3َ , (T, S, K,) inf. n. صَدِيدٌ (S, A, K) and صَدٌّ, (M,) He cried out, vociferated, or raised a clamour, (T, S, M, A, K,) مِنْ كَذَا [ at, or by reason of, such a thing ]. (A.) ― -b2- And صَدَّ, aor. صَدِ3َ , (Lth, M, Msb,) inf. n. صَدٌّ, (M,) He laughed, مِنْ كَذَا [ at such a thing ]: (Lth, Msb:) or he laughed violently, or immoderately. (M.)

2 صدّدهُ عَنْهُ ذ : see 1. -A2- And صدّد, (T, TA,) inf. n. تَصْدِيدٌ; for which one says صدّد, inf. n. تَصْدِيَةٌ, (T, M, * K, * TA,) changing one of the دs into ى, (T, K, TA,) like as one says قَصَّيْتُ أَظْفَارِى, which is originally قَصَّصْتُ; (T, TA;) and صَدَّى بِيَدَيْهِ; (TA in art. صدى;) He clapped with his hands; (T, M, K;) because, in the action of clapping the hands together, the صَدّ, i. e. “ face, ” of one hand fronts that of the other; or, accord. to Aboo-Jaafar Er-Rustamee, التَّصْدِيَةُ is from صَدًى meaning “ a sound ” [or “ an echo ”]; but the former derivation is the more probable: (TA:) [see art. صدى:] also he raised his voice, or called out, or cried out. (M, TA.) It is said in the Kur [viii. 35], وَمَا كَانَ صَلَاتُهُمْ عِنَدْ ا@لْبَيْتِ اـِلَّا مُكَاآءً وَتَصْدِيَةً And their prayer at the House [of God] is nought but whistling, and clapping with the hands: (M, * TA:) meaning, they do thus instead of praying as they have been commanded to do. (Jel.) -A3- See also 4.

3 صَادَّهُ وَضَادَّهُ ذ [ He treated him with aversion and opposition ]. (A.)

4 اصدّهُ عَنْهُ ذ : see 1. -A2- اصدّ said of a wound, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. اـِصْدَادٌ; (TA;) as also ↓ صدّد; (M, TA;) It contained, or generated, matter, (S, M, Msb, K,) such as is termed صَدِيد: (M, Msb:) or ran with such matter. (A.)

5 تصدّد لَهُ ذ , for which one says تَصَدَّى له, [changing the last د into ى, as in the case of صَدَّدَ, q. v.,] from الصَّدَدُ, meaning “ the place, or part, that is before, in front, facing, or opposite; ” (Az, L;) He addressed, or applied, or directed, himself, or his regard, or attention, or mind, to him, or it; [as though he set himself over against the object to which the verb relates:] and he asked him, or petitioned him, for a thing that he wanted: syn. تَعَرَّضَ لَهُ; (L and K * in the present art., and S and M and K in art. صدى;) and أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ; (L;) and تَضَرَّعَ لَهُ: (M in art. صدى:) he inclined to him, or it: (L:) he raised his head towards it: (M in art. صدى, in explanation of تصدّى:) he raised his head and breast towards it, looking towards it, or regarding it: (TA in art. صدى, in explanation of تصدّى:) the object is one at which you raise your eyes, looking at it: (S in art. صدى, in explanation of تصدّى:) he applied, or gave, his whole attention to it, (meaning an affair,) having his mind unoccupied by other things; syn. تَفَرَّغَ لَهُ وَتَبَتَّلَ. (Msb.) One says also, تصدّى لِلرَّدِّ عَلَى المُصَنِّفِ [ He addressed, or applied, himself to reply against the author ]. (TA in art. حزب, &c.) And تصدّى لِلْمَعْرُوفِ وَطَلَبَهُ He addressed himself, or applied himself, to obtain favour, or bounty; and sought it; syn. تَعَرَّضَ لَهُ [and تَبَرَّى له]. (Msb in art. عرض.) And أَنْتَ لَهُ تَصَدَّى, [in the Kur, lxxx., 6,] originally تَتَصَدَّدُ, (L,) and accord. to one reading تَصَّدَّى, (Jel,) means To him thou addressest thyself, or directest thine attention, and inclinest; syn. تَتَعَرَّضُ لَهُ, (L,) and تُقْبِلُ عَلَيْهِ, (Zj,) and تَمِيلُ اـِلَيْهِ; (L;) or تَتَعَرَّضُ لَهُ بِا@لْاـِقْبَالِ عَلَيْهِ: (Bd:) or addressest thyself, &c., and humblest thyself: (M in art. صدى: [in which, however, this explanation is not given with express reference to the above-cited phrase in the Kur:]) or it may signify thou seekest to bring thyself near to him, or to advance thyself in his favour; from الصَّدَدُ as signifying القُرْبُ. (T.) [See also art. صدى.]

8 اصطدّت ذ She (a woman) covered herself with a صِدَاد [q. v.], i. e. سِتْر. (Nawádir el-Aaráb, O, K.)

R. Q. 1 صَدْصَدَةٌ ذ The beating of the sieve with one's hand. (TA.)

صَدْ ذ a Pers. word [app. used by the Arabs] signifying A hundred. (TA.)

صَدٌّ ذ : see صُدٌّ, in four places. ― -b2- Also The face, or front, of the hand. (TA.)

صُدٌّ ذ (M, A, L, Msb, K) and ↓ صَدٌّ (K) The side of a valley, (M, A, Msb, K,) or of a شِعْب [i. e. the kind of water-course so called, or a ravine], and of a mountain where it forms a ravine, (M, L,) and (tropical:) of a road: (A:) pl. [of pauc.] أَصْدَادٌ and [of mult.] صُدُودٌ. (TA.) And ↓ صَدٌّ (L) and ↓ صَدَدٌ (M, L) signify [in like manner] A side; a lateral, or an adjacent, part, quarter, tract, or the like; syn. of the former جَانِبٌ, (L,) and of the latter نَاحِيَةٌ. (M, L.) اِنْضَمَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصُّدَّانِ [lit. The two sides of the road confined them ] means (tropical:) they occupied the middle of the road. (A.) And الصُّدَّانِ signifies also (tropical:) The two edges, or extremities, or cusps, of the notch of an arrow, between which is the place of the bow-string; syn. شَرْخَا الفُوقِ. (O. [In the K, erroneously, شَرْخَا الفَرْقِ.]) ― -b2- Also صُدٌّ and ↓ صَدٌّ A mountain: (AA, S, M, L, Msb, K:) and so سُدٌّ and سَدٌّ: (AA, S, M:) pl. أَصْدَادٌ and صُدُودٌ. (M, L.) ― -b3- And ↓ صَدٌّ [or صُدٌّ] A cloud, or collection of clouds, rising high, and appearing like a mountain: and so سَدٌّ [or سُدٌّ (q. v.)], which is the more approved word. (M, L.)

صَدَدٌ ذ : see صُدٌّ. ― -b2- Also i. q. قُرْبٌ [used as a n. of place, meaning Vicinity, or a near place or sport; as in phrases here following]: (ISk, S, M, A, Msb, K:) and the place, or part, that is before, in front, facing, or opposite. (ISk, * T, S, * M, A, * L, K. *) One says, دَارُهُ بِصَدَدِ المَسْجِدِ [ His house is in the vicinity of, i. e. near to, the mosque; or his house is opposite to the mosque ]. (Msb. [The former meaning is there indicated; but no meaning is expressed.]) And أَخَذْتُهُ مِنْ صَدَدٍ i. e. مِنْ قُرْبٍ [ I took it from a near place or spot ]. (A.) And دَارِى صَدَدَ دَارِهِ, (ISk, S, A, K,) in which صدد is in the accus. case as an adv. n. of place, (S, K,) and بِصَدَدِهِ, (ISk, A,) and عَلَى صَدَدِهِ, (Lth, ISk,) My house is opposite to, i. e. in the place, or part, that is in front of, his house: (ISk, S, A, K:) and in the vicinity of, or near to, his house. (K.) And هٰذَا صَدَدَ هٰذَا, and بِصَدَدِهِ, This is in front of, or opposite to, this. (M.) ― -b3- [Hence, app.,] لَا حَدَدَ لِى دُونَهُ وَلَا صَدَدَ There is no impediment to me in the way of it, nor any obstacle. (A.) ― -b4- And هُوَ صَدَدَكَ i. q. قَصْدَكَ [i. e. He, or it, is tending, or looking, in the direction of thee; or is before thee, or before thy face: see art. قصد]. (Sb, M.) ― -b5- And أَنَا بِصَدَدٍ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ [ I am directing myself, or my attention, to this affair ]. (A.) [نَرْجِعُ اـِلَى مَا نَحْنُ بِصَدَدِهِ, meaning We will return to that subject to which our attention is directed, is a phrase of frequent occurrence after a digression.]

صِدَادٌ ذ A woman's سِتْر [app. meaning veil, or covering ]. (Nawádir el-Aaráb, O, K.) ― -b2- See also what next follows.

صَدُودٌ ذ i. q. مِجْوَلٌ [app. meaning A kind of garment for women or for young girls, which is thus called]; (O, K; in the CK مِحْوَل;) as also ↓ صِدَادٌ; so says Th. (O.)

صَدِيدٌ ذ an inf. n. of صَدَّ [q. v.] in one of its senses. (S, A, K.) -A2- Also The ichor, i. e. thin water, [or watery humour, ] of a wound, (S, A, Mgh, K,) mixed [or tinged ] with blood, (S, A, Mgh,) before the matter becomes thick: (S, A:) or matter, or pus, like water, in which is a mixture of red and white: (M:) or matter, or pus, like water in thinness and like blood in its having a mixture of red and white: (AZ, Msb:) and some add that when it has thickened, it is مِدَّة: (Msb:) or matter, or pus, mixed with blood, (Lth, Mgh, Msb,) in a wound. (Lth.) In the Kur xiv. 19, it means What flows from the skins of the inmates of Hell: (M:) or what flows from their insides, and is mixed with matter and blood: (Jel:) or hot water (حَمِيمٌ) boiled until it thickens. (M, K.) ― -b2- And hence, as being likened thereto, صَدِيدُ الفِضَّةِ i. e. ذُوَابَتُهَا [app. meaning What is melted of silver ]. (M.)

صُدَّى ذ A species of fig, white without, black within, and very sweet. (AHn, M, TA.)

صُدَّادٌ ذ A road to water. (S, K.) -A2- And الصُّدَّادُ The serpent: (K:) and (K, TA, in the CK “ or ”) a certain small animal (دُوَيْبَّة, S, K) of the kind of the [ field-rats called ] جِرْذَان: (S:) or [ a species of lizard; ] what is called سَامُّ أَبْرَصَ [q. v.]; (AZ, S, M, K;) used in this sense by Keys: (AZ, S:) or, accord. to Yaakoob, the [ lizard called ] وَزَع: or, as some say, a species of the [ field rats called ] جِرْذَان: (M:) pl. صَدَائِدُ, (S, M, K,) which is anomalous. (S, M.)

صَادٌّ ذ Turning away, avoiding, shunning, and leaving; or averse: fem. صَادَّةٌ: pl. of both صُدَّادٌ; and of the fem. صَوَادُّ also. (M.)

مَصْدُودٌ ذ [pass. part. n. of صَدَّهُ, q. v.]. One says, فُلَانٌ مَصْدُودٌ عَنِ الخَيْرِ [ Such a one is turned away from, or prevented from attaining, what is good, or prosperity ]. (A.)

1 صَدِئَ ذ , (S, M, L, K,) aor. صَدَاَ , (L,) inf. n. صَدَأٌ, (S, M,) said of a horse, (K, TA,) and of a kid, (S, TA,) [or a goat,] He was of the colour termed صُدْأَة [i. e. sorrel inclining to blackness; or blackness intermixed, or tinged over, with redness; or a colour like that of the rust of iron; probably from the same verb in the sense next following]; (S, M, L, K, TA;) as also صَدُؤَ, (K,) aor. صَدُاَ ; (TA; [and it is implied in the K that the latter verb is syn. with the former in all its senses;]) but the former verb is that which is commonly known, and that alone which is required by analogy as a verb denoting a colour, and the latter is not known to have been heard; (MF, TA;) and in the L it is said that the verb in this sense is صَدِئَ and ↓ اِصَّدَأَ, this latter [formed from اِصْطَدَأَ, originally اِصْتَدَأَ,] of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, (M, K,) صَدِئَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (S, Msb, TA,) and so the inf. n., (S, TA,) said of iron, It was, or became, rusty, or rusted; (S, M, Msb, K;) in which sense it is said also of the like of iron. (M.) -A2- And صَدِئَ said of a man, He stood erect, and looked. (K.) -A3- صَدَأَ المِرْاآةَ, aor. صَدَاَ , (K,) inf. n. صَدْءٌ, (TK,) He polished the mirror, (K, TA,) i. e., removed from it the rust, (TA,) in order to use it as a collyrium; (K, TA;) as also ↓ صَدَّأَهَا, (K,) inf. n. تَصْدِئَةٌ. (TA.) [Whether the mirrors of the Arabs were made of bronze, or of what other metal they were made, is not said. See also 1 in art. حلأ.] -A4- And, aor. as above, said of an owl, He uttered a cry or cries. (Sh, TA. [See also art. صدو.])

2 صَدَّاَ see the preceding paragraph.

5 تصدّأ لَهُ ذ , (K,) as also تصدّع له, (TA,) i. q. تصدّى له, (K, TA,) which is the original, meaning تعرّض له [i. e. He addressed, or applied, or directed, himself, or his regard, or attention, or mind, to him, or it; &c.]. (TA.)

8 اِصَّدَأَ ذ : see 1, first sentence.

صَدَأٌ ذ inf. n. of صَدِئَ [q. v.]. (S, M.) ― -b2- Also [a subst.] signifying The rust of iron, (S, M, * TA,) and of copper and the like. (Har p. 481. [But there erroneously written صداآء.]) -A2- Also A man slender in body; (K, TA;) light, or active, therein: its ء is said to be substituted for ع. (TA. [See صَدَعٌ; and see also صَدًى.])

صَدِئٌ ذ [part. n. of صَدِئَ, q. v.]. ― -b2- One says, يَدِى مِنَ الحَدِيدِ صَدِئَةٌ My hand is disagreeable in smell [ from the rust of iron ]. (S.) ― -b3- And هُوَ صَاغِرٌ صَدِئٌ (assumed tropical:) He is one to whom disgrace, or shame, and baseness, or meanness, attach. (S, K.) ― -b4- See also أَصْدَأُ.

صُدْأَةٌ ذ , (S, M, K,) in a horse, (S, K,) and in a goat, or kid, (S,) A sorrel colour (شُقْرَةٌ) inclining to blackness, (M, K, TA,) the latter predominating: (TA:) or blackness intermixed, or tinged over, with redness [app. like the rust of iron ]. (S.)

أَصْدَأُ ذ , (S, M, K,) applied to a horse, (K, TA,) or to a kid, (TA,) Of a sorrel colour (i. e. of the colour termed شُقْرَة) inclining to blackness, (M, K, TA,) the latter predominating: (TA:) or, applied to a horse, and to a goat, or kid, (S,) or applied to a kid, (K,) of a black colour intermixed, or tinged over, with redness [app. like the rust of iron ]: (S, K:) fem. صَدْاآءُ (S, M, K,) and ↓ صَدِئَةٌ. (M, L, TA.) And كُمَيْتٌ أَصْدَأُ [A bay, or dark bay, or brown, horse,] tinged over with dinginess. (S.) ― -b2- Also Rusty, or rusted; applied to iron and the like. (M.) ― -b3- And [hence] كَتِيبَةٌ صَدْاآءُ, (M, and so in copies of the K,) or صَدْأًى, (K accord. to the TA,) and the former also, (TA,) [ A body of troops having their arms or armour ] overspread with the rust of iron. (M, K.) ― -b4- And صَدْاآءُ A land (أَرْضٌ) of which the stones are of a red colour inclining to blackness, and rugged, not even with the ground, these stones having beneath them [ other ] rough stones, or, sometimes, soil and stones. (Sh, L.)