Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

1 صَدَحَ ذ , (S, A, K, &c.,) aor. صَدَحَ , (K,) inf. n. صَدْحٌ (S, K, &c.) and صُدَاحٌ, (K,) in a verse of Wejeehah Bint-Ows Ed-Dabbeeyeh صُدَّاح, (Ham p. 617,) He cried, or raised a loud cry; (S, A;) or raised his voice vehemently; (Lth, T;) said of a cock [i. e. he crowed, or crowed loudly or vehemently ]; (Lth, T, S, A;) and of a crow [i. e. he croaked, or croaked loudly or vehemently ]: (Lth, T, S:) said of an ass, he brayed loudly: (L:) said of a bird, and (assumed tropical:) of a man, he raised his voice in singing (L, K) or otherwise; cried out vehemently and sharply; or uttered a vehement and sharp voice. (L.)

صَدْحَةٌ ذ (S, L, K) and ↓ صُدْحَةٌ and ↓ صَدَحَةٌ (L, K) A kind of bead (خَرَزَةٌ, Lh, S, L, K) used for the purpose of captivating, or fascinating: (K:) or with which men are captivated, or fascinated: (S:) or with which women captivate, or fascinate, men: (Lh:) or with which men are conciliated. (L.)

صُدْحَةٌ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph.

صَدَحَةٌ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph.

صَدُوحٌ ذ Having a loud cry or voice; as also ↓ صَدَّاحٌ; both applied to a cock [meaning loudcrowing ]; (A;) [and to a crow as meaning loudcroaking ]; and so the former applied to an ass [meaning loud-braying ]; and so ↓ صَيْدَحٌ applied to a horse [meaning loud-neighing ]; (S, K;) [and app. also applied to a camel as meaning loudbraying, for] صَيْدَحُ was the name of the she-camel of Dhu-r-Rummeh: (S, K:) or صَدُوحٌ (L, K) and ↓ صَدَّاحٌ (L) and ↓ صَيْدَحٌ and ↓ صَيْدَاحٌ and ↓ مِصْدَحٌ (L, K) signify that raises his voice much in singing or otherwise; (L;) [app. thus applied to a bird, and (assumed tropical:) to a man; (see 1;)] or that cries out vehemently, or much; or has a loud, or strong, voice; (L, K;) and so ↓ صَيْدَحِىٌّ. (Ham p. 558.) [Hence,] ↓ قَيْنَةٌ صَادِحَةٌ (tropical:) [ A loud-voiced female singer ]. (A, TA.) And ↓ حَادٍ صَيْدَحٌ (tropical:) [ A loud-voiced man urging camels by his singing ]. (A, TA.) And ↓ مِزْهَرٌ صَدَّاحٌ (tropical:) [ A loud-sounding lute ]. (S, A.)

صَدَّاحٌ ذ : see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.

صَادِحَةٌ ذ : see صَدُوحٌ.

صَيْدَحٌ ذ : see صَدُوحٌ, in three places.

صَيْدَحِىٌّ ذ : see صَدُوحٌ.

صَيْدَاحٌ ذ see صَدُوحٌ.

الأَصْدَحُ ذ The lion: (K:) so called because of his roaring. (TA.)

مِصْدَحٌ ذ : see صَدُوحٌ.

1 صَدَرَ ذ , (S, M, A, Msb, K,) aor. صَدُرَ (S, M, Msb, K) and صَدِرَ , (K,) inf. n. صَدْرٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and صُدُورٌ (A, TA) and مَصْدَرٌ (M, K) and مَزْدَرٌ because of the similarity [of the letters ص and ز], (M,) He returned, went back; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and went, or turned, away; (Msb;) from (عَنْ) water, (S, M, A,) and a country, (S, M,) or a place, (Msb,) and (assumed tropical:) any affair. (Lth.) ― -b2- Hence, صَدَرَ القَوْلُ, aor. صَدُرَ , inf. n. صُدُورٌ, (assumed tropical:) [ The saying issued, proceeded, or emanated, عَنْهُ from him. ] (Msb.) [And صَدَرَ عَنْهُ الفِعْلُ, with the same aor. and inf. n., (assumed tropical:) The action proceeded from him. ] ― -b3- And صَدَرَ اـِلَيْهِ He went to it; namely, a place: (TA:) he came to it. (Kull. p. 228.) -A2- صَدَرَهُ: see 4. -A3- Also, (M, K,) aor. صَدُرَ , inf. n. صَدْرٌ, (M,) He hit, struck, or hurt, his صَدْر [i. e. breast ]. (M, K.) You say, ضَرَبْتُهُ فَصَدَرْتُهُ I struck him and hit his breast. (A.) ― -b2- And صَدِرَ He had a complaint of the صَدْر [or chest ]. (M, K.) [See its part. n., below.]

2 صدّرهُ ذ : see 4. -A2- صدّر بَعِيرَهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَصْدِيرٌ, (TA,) He tied a cord from the girth of his camel to the part behind [or beyond ] the callous lump on his breast: (K, TA:) or, accord. to Lth, (L,) one says, صدّر عَنْ بَعِيرِهِ, (M, L,) and the meaning is, he tied a cord from the تَصْدِير [or breast-girth ] to the part behind [or beyond ] the callous lump on the breast of his camel, to keep the تصدير in its place, when it had become loose in consequence of the animal's having become lank in the belly: the cord above mentioned is called سِنَافٌ [q. v.]. (Lth, L.) ― -b2- And صدّر عَلَى البَعِيرِ [app. He put the breast-girth upon the camel ]: from التَّصْدِيرُ, i. e. “ the girth ” [thus called]. (MA.) ― -b3- صُدِّرَ His (a horse's) breast became wetted with sweat. (S.) See 5. ― -b4- صدّرهُ, (TA,) or صدّرهُ فِى المَجْلِسِ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He placed him, or seated him, in the upper, or highest, part in the sitting-room, or sitting-place. (TA.) And صُدِّرَ He was advanced, or promoted. (A.) ― -b5- صدّر كِتَابَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (tropical:) He put to his book, or writing, a صَدْر, (S, K, TA,) i. e. a title, or a commencement. (TA.) And صدّر كِتَابَهُ بِكَذَا (tropical:) [ He commenced his book, or writing, with such a thing ]. (A.) -A3- See also 5, where it is expl. as intrans., in two places.

3 مُصَادَرَةٌ ذ signifies The returning, or going back, [app. with another, from water, &c.] (KL.) [The verb is probably trans., agreeably with general analogy, in all its senses; صادرهُ app. signifying primarily He returned, or went back, with him from water &c. ― -b2- Ibr D thinks that it signifies also (assumed tropical:) He vied, or contended, with him for precedence, or priority. ] -A2- Also (assumed tropical:) The exacting a fine or the like [app. from another: or the suing, or prosecuting, another, for a debt &c. ]. (KL.) You say, صادرهُ عَلَى كَذَا مِنَ المَالِ (S, * K, * TA) (assumed tropical:) He desired, or sought, to obtain from him; or he demanded of him; or he sued, or prosecuted, him for; such a sum, or such an amount, of property. (K, * TA.) ― -b2- And صَادَرْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَ ا وَكَذَا (assumed tropical:) I released him from my reckoning with him on such and such terms agreed upon by both. (TA in art. فرق.) And صُودِرَ عَلَى مَالٍ يُؤَدِّيهِ (assumed tropical:) He (an agent) was released from being reckoned with (فُورِقَ) on the condition of his paying certain property for which he became responsible: a phrase of the registrars of accounts. (TA in the present art.)

4 اصدرهُ ذ , (S, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ صَدَرَهُ, (M, K,) and ↓ صدّرهُ, (K,) He caused him to return; sent him, or brought him, back, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) or away; (Msb;) from (عَنْ) water, and a country [or place], (S,) and (assumed tropical:) any affair. (Lth.) You say, أَصْدَرْنَا رِكَابَنَا We sent, or brought, back our riding-camels satisfied with drink so that it was not necessary for us to remain with them for the sake of the water. (TA.) And أَوْرَدَهُ وَأَصْدَرَهُ He brought it and he took it away. (Har p. 361.) ― -b2- [Hence,] أَوْرَدَ وَأَصْدَرَ (tropical:) He began and completed. (TA.) You say, اـِذَا أَوْرَدَ أَمْرًا أَصْدَرَهُ (tropical:) When he begins a thing, or an affair, he completes it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ يُورِدُ وَلَا يُصْدِرُ (tropical:) Such a one begins and does not complete. (A.) ― -b3- And اصدر القَوْلَ (assumed tropical:) [ He issued forth the saying; made it to issue, proceed, or emanate, عَنْهُ from him ]. (Msb. [See 1.]) [And اصدر عَنْهُ الفِعْلَ (assumed tropical:) He, or it, made the action to proceed from him. ]

5 تصدّر ذ He [a man, TA) erected his chest in sitting. (M, K.) ― -b2- (tropical:) He [a horse) outreached the other horses with his chest; (M, K, * TA;) as also ↓ صدّر, (S, * M, MA, K,) inf. n. تَصْدِيرٌ: the latter verb is afterwards expl. in the K as meaning بَرَزَ بِرَأْسِهِ; but this is a mistake. (TA.) Tufeyl says, describing a horse, مِنْ عَرَقٍ ↓ كَأَنَّهُ بَعْدَ مَا صَدَّرْنَ سِيدٌ تَمَطَّرَ جِنْحَ اللَّيْلِ مَبْلُولُ As though he were, after they had outreached with their chests, from a row of [other] horses, [ a wolf that had exposed himself to rain during a portion of the night, and had become wetted: ] but accord. to one relation, it is ↓ صُدِّرْنَ, meaning their breasts were wetted [مِنْ عَرَقٍ] by reason of sweat: the former reading, however is the better. (S.) ― -b3- Also (assumed tropical:) He sat, or became placed or seated, in the upper, or highest, part in the sitting-room, or sitting-place. (S, * K, * TA.) And He became advanced, or promoted. (A.) تصدّر لِأُمُورِ النَّاسِ (assumed tropical:) [ He became advanced to the foremost place for the conducting of the affairs of the people ]. (Har p. 194.)

6 تصادروا ذ [app. They returned together from water, &c.]. (A. [This meaning seems to be there indicated by the context.]) ― -b2- And one says, تصادروا عَلَى مَا شَاؤُوا (tropical:) [app. meaning They released one another from being reckoned with, by mutual agreement, on such terms as they would: see 3]. (A.)

صَدْرٌ ذ Anything that fronts, or faces, one. (M, K.) ― -b2- And hence, (M,) The صَدْر [i. e. breast, or chest, or bosom, ] of a man, [often meaning his mind, ] (M, Msb, K,) and of other than man: (Msb:) of the masc. gender: (Lh, S, M, K:) pl. صُدُورٌ, (S, M, Msb,) the only pl. form. (M.) [See also صُدْرَةٌ.] As to the saying of the poet, (S, M,) El-Aashà, (S,) وَتَشْرَقُ بِالقَوْلِ الَّذِى قَدْ أَذَعْتُهُ كَمَا شَرِقَتْ صَدْرُ القَنَاةِ مِنَ الدَّمِ [ And thou becomest, or wilt become, red by reason of the saying that I have published, like as the fore part of the spear becomes red from blood ], (S, * M,) he has made صدر fem. because the صدر of the قناة is a part of the قناة; for they [sometimes] make a noun fem. when it is prefixed to a fem. noun: (S:) or if you will, you may say that he has made صدر fem. because he meant [thereby] the قناة; and if you will, you may say that the صدر of a قناة is a قناة. (M.) [Hence,] بَنَاتُ الصَّدْرِ (tropical:) The spaces between the bones of the breast. (M, TA.) [And also] (assumed tropical:) Anxieties. (T in art. بنى.) And ذَاتُ الصُّدُورِ (assumed tropical:) What is in the minds. (Ksh and Bd and Jel in iii. 115, &c.) And ضَاقَ صَدْرُهُ (assumed tropical:) His bosom, or mind, became strait, or contracted. (Msb in art. ضيق. [See the Kur xv. 97 and xxvi. 12.]) And شَرَحَ بِالكُفْرِ صَدْرًا (assumed tropical:) He opened and dilated his bosom, meaning, was pleased, with infidelity. (Jel in xvi. 108. [See also the similar phrases شَرَحَ ا@للّٰهُ صَدْرَهُ لِلْاـِسْلَامِ and لِقَبُولِ الخَيْرِ expl. in art. شرح.]) And اِنْشَرَحَ صَدْرُهُ (assumed tropical:) His bosom became dilated or enlarged [ with joy ]. (S in art. شرح.) And وَاسِعُ الصَّدْرِ and رَحِيبُ الصَّدْرِ (assumed tropical:) Ample, or dilated, in the breast, or bosom; [meaning free-minded; free from distress of mind; without care: and free from narrowness of mind; liberal, munificent, or generous. ] (S and TA in art. رحب.) [And ضَيِّقُ الصَّدْرِ (assumed tropical:) Having the bosom, or mind, strait, or contracted. ] And رَجُلٌ بَعِيدُ الصَّدْرِ (tropical:) A man who is not to be turned, or bent, or inclined. (M.) In the saying هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ مَنْ بِهِ صَدْرٌ اـِلَّا أَنْ يَنْفِثَ [meaning Is he who has the disease of the chest (دَاآءُ الصَّدْرِ) able to do without spitting? ], if it be correct, the prefixed noun [داآء] is suppressed. (Mgh.) [صَدْرُ الدَّجَاجَةِ, as said by Freytag, is the name of (assumed tropical:) The star γ of Cygnus. ] ― -b3- Also (assumed tropical:) The upper, or uppermost, part of the front of anything. (M, K.) [Hence,] صُدُورُ الوَادِى (assumed tropical:) The higher, or upper, parts, and fronts, or fore parts, of the valley; (M, K;) as also صَدَائِرُهُ, which is pl. of ↓ صَدَارَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ صِدَارَةٌ, (as in a copy of the M,) or ↓ صَادِرَةٌ, (as in the L,) or of ↓ صَدِيرَةٌ. (M, L, K.) And صَدْرُ المَجْلِسِ (assumed tropical:) The upper, or highest, part [or end ] of the sitting-room, or sitting-place: (TA:) the elevated part thereof. (Msb.) ― -b4- [(assumed tropical:) The fore part of anything. (assumed tropical:) The prow, or fore part, of a ship.] (assumed tropical:) The fore part of the foot, between the toes and the [ protuberant part called the ] حِمَارَة. (M.) (assumed tropical:) The fore part of the sandal, before the [ hole through which is put the thong called the شِرَاك, i. e. the hole called the ] خُرْت. (M.) (tropical:) The part of the arrow that is above the middle, as far as the مراش: (so in a copy of the A: [an evident mistranscription for رَأْس, i. e. head: ]) or the part of the arrow that is beyond the middle, as far as the slender part, (S, M, Msb, K,) which is next the head; (M;) so called because it is the fore part when it is shot: (S, Msb, K:) and likewise of the spear [as in the verse cited above in this paragraph]. (M.) يَوْمٌ كَصَدْرِ الرُّمْحِ [lit. (assumed tropical:) A day like the fore part of the spear ] means (assumed tropical:) a day of straitness and distress: accord. to Th, it is a day by which war, or battle, is peculiarly distinguished. (M, L.) ― -b5- (assumed tropical:) The first, first part, or commencement, of anything; (S, M, K;) even (assumed tropical:) of the day, (M, Msb,) and (assumed tropical:) of the night, and (assumed tropical:) of the winter, and (assumed tropical:) of the summer, and (assumed tropical:) the like, (M,) and (tropical:) of an affair. (A. [See an ex. voce عَجُزٌ.]) (tropical:) The title of a book or writing: and the first part, or commencement, thereof. (TA.) [(assumed tropical:) The first foot of the first hemistich of a verse.] And The first hemistich (altogether) of a verse. (O voce عَجُزٌ.) [And (assumed tropical:) The first verse of a قَصِيدَة.] ― -b6- صَدْرُ الطَّرِيقِ (assumed tropical:) The wide, or widening, part of the road. (Msb.) ― -b7- صَدْرُ القَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) The head, or chief, of the people, or party; as also ↓ المَصْدَرُ. (TA.) And hence, صَدْرُ الصُّدُورِ (assumed tropical:) [ The chief of the chiefs; a title applied to the prime minister of the king; and also to the chief judge; app., in the earlier times, to the former;] he who performs the onerous duties of the king, or of the state. (TA.) ― -b8- And (assumed tropical:) A part, or portion, of a thing. (S, K.)

صَدَرٌ ذ a subst. signifying Return, (S, M, Msb, K,) from (عَنْ) water, (S, M,) and a country, (S,) or a place, (Msb,) and (assumed tropical:) any affair: (Lth:) as some say, from anything. (M.) Hence, طَوَافُ الصَّدَرِ, (K, TA, in the CK الصَّدْرِ,) i. e. The compassing of the Kaabeh on the occasion of the return of the pilgrims from ' Arafát. (TA.) [Hence also,] الصَّدَرُ The fourth day of the days of the sacrifice [ performed by the pilgrims ]: (M, K:) so called because the people then return from Mekkeh to their abodes. (M.) [And hence the saying,] تَرَكْتُهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ لَيْلَةِ الصَّدَرِ I left him as in the night preceding the fourth day of the days of the sacrifice: (A:) or [ as in the night preceding the day ] when the people return from their pilgrimage; (S;) meaning, (assumed tropical:) possessing nothing. (M.) -A2- Also quasi-pl. n. of صَادِرٌ, q. v. (M, K.)

صُدْرَةٌ ذ The صَدْر [or breast ] (M, K) of a man [or beast]: (TA:) or the prominent part of the upper portion thereof. (T, S, M, K.) ― -b2- Hence, (S,) A certain garment [ which covers the breast ], (S, M,) well known: (K:) a short shirt: a short دِرْع: and the dim., ↓ صُدَيْرَةٌ, is applied to a short shirt which is worn next the body. (TA.) [In the present day, صُدَيْرِى, which is a corruption of the dim., is applied to A kind of waistcoat; a short vest without sleeves: and its pl. is صُدَيْرِيَات.] See also the next paragraph.

صِدَارٌ ذ A certain garment, of which the head, or upper part, is like the مِقْنَعَة, [ covering the head, ] and the lower part of which covers the breast (M, K) and the shoulders: (M:) a woman in mourning for the death of her husband or relation used to wear a صدار of wool: (Az:) or i. q. ↓ صُدْرَةٌ [q. v.] and مِجْوَلٌ and أُصْدَةٌ: (IAar:) or a certain garment with which the head and breast are covered, worn by a woman in mourning for her husband: (A:) or a small shirt worn next the body: (S:) or a دِرْع worn next the breast: (As:) or i. q. اـِتْبٌ [q. v.]. (T in art. اتب.) It is said in a prov., كُلُّ ذَاتِ صِدَارٍ خَالَةٌ [ Every female having a صدار is as a maternal aunt ]: i. e., it is incumbent on a man to be jealous for every woman like as he is jealous for his women under covert, or the females of his family whom he is under an obligation to respect and protect. (S. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 310.]) ― -b2- Also A certain mark made with a hot iron upon the breast of a camel. (S.)

صَدَارَةٌ ذ (assumed tropical:) Precedence, or priority. (TA.) ― -b2- See also صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

صِدَارَةٌ ذ : see صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

صَدِيرَةٌ ذ : see صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

صُدَيْرَةٌ ذ dim. of صُدْرَةٌ, q. v. (TA.)

صَادِرٌ ذ Returning [from water, &c.]; going, or turning, back, or away: (TA:) quasi-pl. n. ↓ صَدَرٌ. (M, K.) ― -b2- [Hence the saying,] مَا لَهُ صَادِرٌ وَلَا وَارِدٌ (tropical:) He has not anything: (M, K:) or he has not a thing nor a people. (Lh, M.) ― -b3- And طَرِيقٌ صَادِرٌ (tropical:) A road, or way, by which people return from water: (S, M, A, K:) opposed to طَرِيقٌ وَارِدٌ. (M, A.)

صَادِرَةٌ ذ : see صَدْرٌ, near the middle of the paragraph.

أَصْدَرُ ذ A man (M) having a large breast, or chest; (M, K, TA;) i. e. having the breast, or chest, or the upper part thereof, prominent; as also ↓ مُصَدَّرٌ. (TA.) -A2- الأَصْدَرَانِ Two veins (M, K) that beat, or pulse, (M,) beneath the temples: (M, K:) or the two sides of a man: or the two shoulder-joints: (TA:) the word has no singular. (M.) [Hence the saying,] جَاآءَ يَضْرِبُ أَصْدَرَيْهِ; (M, Meyd, K, TA;) and some say أَسْدَرَيْهِ [q. v.], (Meyd, TA,) and this is the original; (Meyd;) and some, أَزْدَرَيْهِ; (Meyd, TA;) a prov.; (M, Meyd, TA;) meaning He came beating [with his hand] his two sides, (TA,) or his two shoulderjoints: (Meyd, TA:) i. e. he came empty [ -handed ]; (M, Meyd, K, * TA;) not having accomplished the object of his desire: (Meyd:) or he came exulting, or behaving insolently, (Meyd, and Har p. 603,) not knowing where were his أَصْدَرَانِ: so accord. to Yoo: and some say, جَاآءَ بَضْرِبُ بِأَصْدَرَيْهِ. (Har.)

تَصْدِيرٌ ذ [a subst. like تَذْرِيعٌ and تَنْبِيتٌ] The [ fore-girth, i. e. breast-girth, or] girth that is upon the breast of the camel: (S, A: *) [the hind girth, or belly-girth,] that which is next the ثِيل, is called the حَقَب: (S:) or the girth of the camel's saddle (الرَّحْل), and of the [ camel-vehicle called ] هَوْدَج. (M.)

مَصْدَرٌ ذ A place of returning or going back, (S, TA,) or of going, or turning, away [from water, and from a country or place, and (assumed tropical:) from an affair or thing]. (TA. [See 1, first sentence.]) ― -b2- [Hence, مَصْدَرُ أَمْرٍ (tropical:) The way of return from, or of completing, a thing or an affair: opposed to مَوْرِدُهُ.] One says, هُوَ يَعْرِفُ مَوَارِدَ الأُمُورِ وَمَصَادِرَهَا (tropical:) [ He knows the ways of betaking himself to things or affairs, and the ways of withdrawing himself from them; or of commencing them and of completing them ]. (A.) [See also another ex. in art. رحب, conj. 6.] ― -b3- And hence [also], the مَصَادِر [pl. of مَصْدَر] of verbs: (S, TA:) مَصْدَرٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) The root of a word, from which proceed the derivatives of verbs: (Lth, TA:) [in this sense it is a conventional term of grammar and lexicology, not belonging to the classical language; but on account of the importance of understanding its true application in lexicology, it is necessary to give here a full explanation of it: it is, agreeably with its etymology, the source (lit. place) of derivation, accord. to the grammarians of ElBasrah; and is what I term an infinitive noun: it is defined as] a noun signifying, by its original application, an accident as subsisting in, or proceeding from, an agent (as الفَرَحُ [“ the being joyful ”], الضَّرْبُ [“ the act of beating ”], and القُعُودُ [“ the act of sitting ”]), or affecting an object of action, (as الجُنُونُ [“ the being possessed by a jinnee ”]), conformable to its verb, so as to comprise all the letters in that verb, either literally (as in the instances above) or virtually (as in القِتَالُ [“ the act of fighting ”], which wants the ا that is before the ت in the verb, yet wants it as to the letter only, and not virtually, wherefore it is sometimes pronounced as if with the said letter, as in قَاتَلَ قِيتَالًا, but the ا is changed into ى on account of the kesr of the letter before it), or substituting another letter for any of those letters that it wants (as in العِدَةُ [“ the act of promising ”], which wants the و that is in its verb as to the letter and virtually, but has ة substituted for it [by way of compensation]): (from a comparison of definitions &c. in the Expos. of the “ Kitab Hodood en-Nahw ” by the author of the work thus entitled, arts. مصدر and اسم مصدر; the Expos. of the “ Shudhoor edh-Dhahab ” by the author of the work thus entitled, section on the nouns that govern as verbs; I' Ak; &c.:) but the grammarians of El-Koofeh hold that the verb is the root, and that the مصدر is derived from it: (I' Ak p. 148:) some مصادر, moreover, are derived from real (as opposed to ideal) substantives, as التَّحَجُّرُ [“ the becoming stone ”] from الحَجَرُ [“ stone ”]. (Kull p. 327.) The مصدر has the same government as its own verb: it is often, and may be at pleasure, used as an ideal subst. or abstract noun: and it is often employed in the place of an act. or a pass. part. n.: (Kull, &c.:) [when thus used as an epithet, it is employed alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem.:] accord. to Zj, every مصدر used as an epithet is for ذُو [or ذَات &c.] followed by the مصدر, and therefore it has no dual nor pl. [nor fem.] form. (TA voce حَرَضٌ.) [It has also other uses, which are expl. in the grammars. Used as a مَصْدَر, it is sometimes made fem.; as it is also when used in the sense of a noun that is properly fem.: see صَرْفٌ, third sentence.] ― -b4- اِسْمُ مَصْدَرٍ, called by some اِسْمٌ لِلْمَصْدَرِ, is a term applied to [(assumed tropical:) A quasi-infinitive noun; i. e.] a noun which is not a مصدر, but which is occasionally used in the place of a مصدر; like as a مصدر is used in the place of an act. part. n., and in that of a pass. part. n.: such as الوُضُوْءُ for التَّوَضُّؤُ [“ the performing of the ablution preparatory to prayer ”], and الغُسْلُ for الاِغْتِسَالُ [“ the washing of oneself ”]; each of which wants somewhat that is in its verb without substituting anything for that which is wanting. (Expos. of the “ Kitáb el- Hodood, ” cited above.) This kind of noun the grammarians of El-Koofeh and Baghdád allow to govern as a مصدر; but the grammarians of ElBasrah hold that the noun governed in the accus. case in each of the exs. adduced by the former as confirmatory of their opinion is so governed by a verb understood. (Expos. of the “ Shudhoor, ” ubi suprà.) It is also applied to A proper name signifying an accident [or attribute ]; as فَجَارِ and حَمَادِ, proper names, by original application, for الفَجْرَةُ and المَحْمَدَةُ [“ vice ” and “ praise ”] and the like: and this kind does not govern as a مصدر. (Expos. of the “ Kitáb Hodood enNahw, ” ubi suprà; and Expos. of the “ Shudhoor, ” ubi suprà.) It is also applied to [what is more properly termed اِسْمٌ لِلْمَعْنَى الحَاصِلِ بِالمَصْدَرِ, by some termed simply حَاصِلٌ بِالمَصْدَرِ, i. e. An ideal substantive, or abstract noun; ] a noun applied to signify an accident [or attribute ] considered abstractedly [such as صَدَرٌ signifying “ return; ” and this kind is commonly termed in the lexicons simply an اِسْم as distinguished from a مصدر]. (Kull p. 327.) Some apply it also to what is [properly] termed مَصْدَرٌ مِيمِىٌّ [i. e. A مصدر commencing with an augmentative م], if not of the measure مُفَاعَلَةٌ: but such is really a مَصْدَر. (Expos. of the “ Shudhoor, ” ubi suprà.) And some of the grammarians [and of the lexicographers likewise] apply it to A noun that signifies the instrument [or means ] with [or by ] which the action signified by a مصدر is performed: as الأُكْلُ [“ food, ” as being “ that by means of which the act of eating (الأَكْلُ) is performed ”]. (Kull, ubi suprà.) ― -b5- See also صَدْرٌ, last sentence but two.

مُصْدِرٌ ذ [act. part. n. of 4, q. v. ― -b2- ] (tropical:) A man who completes things or affairs. (A.) -A2- And One of the names of the month جُمَادَى الأُولَى: (M, K:) [ISd says,] I think it to be of the dial. of [the tribe of] 'Ad. (M.)

مَصْدَرَةُ القَوْمِ ذ (tropical:) Those who are made to have the precedence, or priority, of the people, or party. (A, TA.)

[ مَصْدَرِىٌّ ذ , as a grammatical term, Of, or relating to, the مَصْدَر. See the particles أَنْ and كَىْ &c.]

مُصَدَّرٌ ذ A man (M) strong in the chest; (S, M, K;) and in like manner a lion, (M, A,) and a wolf: (M:) and the lion; (S, K;) and the wolf; (K;) because they are strong in the chest. (TA.) ― -b2- See also أَصْدَرُ. ― -b3- A horse to whose breast the sweat has reached. (M, K.) ― -b4- A horse, and a sheep or goat, white in the upper part (لَبَّة) of the breast: (M, K:) or (with ة, A) a ewe having a black breast, (M, A, K,) the rest of her being white. (M.) ― -b5- (tropical:) A horse that outreaches others (IAar, M, A, K) with his breast: (TA:) IAar does not mention the breast. (M, TA.) [Accord. to rule, this should be مُصَدِّرٌ, as is shown by a verse cited above: see 5.] ― -b6- (tropical:) An arrow thick in the part called the صَدْر. (M, A, K.) ― -b7- And المُصَدَّرُ is a name applied to (assumed tropical:) The first of the arrows termed غُفْل, (M, K,) which have no notches, and to which is assigned no portion [ and no fine, in the game called المَيْسِر]; these being added only to give additional weight to the collection of arrows from a dislike of suspicion [of foul play]. (Lh, M. [See السَّفِيحُ and المَنِيحُ.])

مَصْدُورٌ ذ A man (A &c.) having a complaint of the chest. (S, A, Mgh, Msb.) 'Obeyd-Allah Ibn- 'Abd-Allah Ibn-'Otbeh, on its being said to him, How long wilt thou utter this poetry? replied, لَا بُدَّ لِلْمَصْدُورِ مِنْ أَنْ يَسْعُلَا To him who has a complaint of the chest, there is no avoiding coughing. (TA. [See also نَفَثَ.]) ― -b2- It is also often used as meaning (assumed tropical:) Grieved, afflicted, or vexed. (TA in art. نفث.)

1 صَدَعَهُ ذ , (S, Msb, K,) aor. صَدَعَ , (Msb, K,) inf. n. صَدْعٌ, (S, * Msb, K, *) He clave, split, slit, or cracked, it [i. e. a hard thing, such as a glass vessel, and a wall, and the like of these; (see صَدْعٌ below;) or so generally]; syn. شَقَّهُ; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ صدّعهُ, [but app. in an intensive sense, or relating to a number of objects,] inf. n. تَصْدِيعٌ: (TA:) or so as to divide it in halves: or so that it did not separate. (K.) ― -b2- [Hence,] one says, صَدَعَهُ صَدْعَ الرِّدَاآءِ [ He slit it, or rent it, as with the slitting, or rending, of the garment called رداء]. (TA.) ― -b3- And صَدَعَ الفَلَاةَ (tropical:) He traversed, or crossed, the desert; [ as though he clave it; ] (S, Msb, K, TA;) and in like manner, النَّهْرَ the river. (TA.) And هٰذَا الطَّرِيقُ يَصْدَعُ فِى أَرْضِ كَذَا وَكَذَا (assumed tropical:) [ This road extends through such and such a land ]. (TA.) And صَدَعَ اللَّيْلَ, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) He journeyed during [or through ] the night. (IKtt, TA.) ― -b4- صَدْعٌ also signifies The act of separating, or dispersing, or scattering; (Msb;) and so ↓ تَصْدِيعٌ; (S, O;) syn. تَفْرِيقٌ [with which each is probably syn. in other, but similar, senses]. (S, O, Msb.) One says, صَدَعَ الشَّىْءَ He, or it, separated, or dispersed, or scattered, the thing. (TA.) And صَدَعْتُ القَوْمَ, inf. n. صَدْعٌ, (assumed tropical:) I separated, or dispersed, or scattered, the people, or party. (Msb.) And صَدَعَتْهُمُ النَّوَى means [in like manner] فَرَّقَتْهُم [i. e. (tropical:) The place that was the object of the journey separated them from their homes &c.]; and so ↓ صَدَّعَتْهُم; whence التَّصْدَاعُ [as an inf. n., like التَّصْدِيعُ]. (TA.) And صَدَعْتُ الغَنَمَ صِدْعَتَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) I separated, or divided, the sheep, or the goats, into two flocks or herds. (S, TA.) ― -b5- [And hence,] صَدَعْتُ الشَّىْءَ (assumed tropical:) I made the thing distinct [ as though separate from others ], apparent, manifest, evident, clear, or plain: whence the saying of Aboo-Dhu-eyb in a verse cited in art. فيض, conj. 4. (S.) ― -b6- And صَدَعَ بِالحَقِّ (tropical:) He spoke the truth openly, or aloud, (S, Msb, K, TA,) distinguishing, or discriminating, between it and falsehood: and thus Kh has expl. the verb as used in the verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb above referred to. (TA.) And صَدَعَ بِالأَمْرِ, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He made known the affair, or case, by speaking of it. (K, TA.) ― -b7- فَا@صْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ, in the Kur [xv. 94], means (assumed tropical:) Therefore cleave thou, or divide thou, their congregation, [app. by separating the believers from the unbelievers, with that wherewith thou art charged, (بِهِ being understood after تؤمر,) i. e.,] with the declaration of the unity [of God]: (IAar, O, Msb, K:) or (assumed tropical:) distinguish thou therewith between the truth and falsehood: (AO, O, Msb, K:) or (assumed tropical:) dispense thou among them in their collective state [ that wherewith thou art charged, i. e.] the announcement [of the unity &c.]: (TA:) or (assumed tropical:) reveal thou, or make manifest, (Fr, Zj, S, Msb, K, TA,) that with which thou art charged, (Zj, Msb, TA,) and fear not any one, (Zj, TA,) or the ordinance, i. e., (Fr, TA,) thy religion; (Fr, S, TA;) ما [with what follows it] being held by Fr, who thus explains the phrase, to occupy the place of an inf. n., namely, الأَمْر: (TA:) or (assumed tropical:) utter thou openly, or aloud, (O, K, TA,) that with which thou art charged, meaning, accord. to Ibn-Mujáhid, (TA,) the Kur-án: (O, K, TA:) in the R it is said to be from الصَّدِيعُ meaning “ the daybreak; ” ignorance being likened to the darkness of night, and the Kur-án to light that cleaves that darkness: (TA:) or (assumed tropical:) order thou, or ordain, or decree, [ that with which thou art charged, i. e.,] the truth: and (assumed tropical:) decide thou according to the ordinance [ prescribed to thee ]: (O, K, TA:) or (tropical:) direct thy course by that [revelation] with [the preaching of] which thou art charged: (O, K, TA:) so says Th, on the authority of an Arab of the desert; accord. to whom, (O, TA,) ― -b8- صَدَعَ فُلَانًا signifies (tropical:) He directed his course to such a one because of his generosity. (Th, O, K, TA.) ― -b9- صَدَعَ بِالأَمْرِ, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) also signifies (assumed tropical:) He hit, or attained, with the affair, its proper place [or object ]. (K, TA.) ― -b10- And صَدَعْتُ اـِلَى الشَّىْءِ, (AZ, S, K,) aor. as above, (AZ, S,) inf. n. صُدُوعٌ, (assumed tropical:) I inclined to the thing. (AZ, S, K. *) ― -b11- And صَدَعَهُ عَنْهُ (assumed tropical:) He, or it, turned him away from him, or it. (K.) One says, مَا صَدَعَكَ عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) What turned thee away from this affair? (S, O, TA:) and some say, ما صَدَغَكَ, with the pointed غ, which is better. (O, TA.) -A2- See also the next paragraph. -A3- And see صَادِعٌ, last sentence.

2 صَدَّعَ see 1, in three places. -A2- [Freytag adds two other explanations of صدّع: namely, “ Immisit, ” followed by an accus. and فى; taken by inference from the Ham p. 196, l. 12 from the bottom: and “ Rupit, perdidit; ” from Reiske's additions to Golius: but both of these require consideration.] ― -b2- [صدّعهُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) It affected him with headache; as though it made his head to split. ] One says, صَدَّعَنِى أَزِيزُ الرَّحَى (assumed tropical:) [ The sounding of the mill-stone affected me with headache ]. (A and TA in art. از.) And صُدِّعَ, inf. n. تَصْدِيعٌ, (assumed tropical:) He (a man, S) was, or became, affected with صُدَاع [or headache ]; (S, O, K; [see the Kur lvi. 19;]) and ↓ صُدِعَ [without teshdeed], pass. part. n. ↓ مَصْدُوعٌ, is allowable in poetry. (O, K.)

5 تصدّع ذ , of which اِصَّدَّعَ is a var.: (O, K:) see 7, in four places. ― -b2- Also It became separated, or dispersed, or scattered. (K.) One says, تصدّع القَوْمُ (tropical:) The people, or party, became separated, or dispersed, or scattered. (S, Msb, TA.) And تصدّعوا عَنِّى (assumed tropical:) They became separated, &c., from me. (TA.) يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصَّدَّعُونَ, in the Kur [xxx. 42], means On that day they shall become separated into two parties, a party in Paradise and a party in Hell. (Zj, O, TA.) And one says, تصدّع السَّحَابُ (assumed tropical:) The clouds became [ scattered, or] dissundered. (TA.) And تَصَدَّعَتِ الأَرْضُ بِفُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one, fleeing, became concealed in the earth or land [ as though it became cloven with him ]. (O, K, and Ham pp. 136 and 418.) -A2- تصدّع لَهُ: see تصدّأ, in art. صدأ.

7 انصدع ذ [generally said of a hard thing, such as a glass vessel, and a wall, and the like of these, (see 1, first sentence,)] It became cloven, split, slit, or cracked; or, in an intrans. sense, it clave, split, slit, or cracked; syn. اِنْشَقَّ: (S, Msb, K:) [or so as to become divided in halves: or so that it did not separate: (see again 1, first sentence:)] as also ↓ تصدّع [but app. in an intensive sense, meaning it became cloven &c., or it clave &c., much, or in several places ]. (O, K.) One says, البَيْضَةُ وَلَمْ تَتَفَلَّقْ ↓ تَصَدَّعَتِ [ The egg cracked, or rather cracked in several places, but did not split apart ]. (AZ, S in art. قيض.) And ↓ تصدّع الثَّوْبُ The garment, or piece of cloth, became slit or rent, or much slit or rent; i. q. اِنْصَاحَ. (Msb in art. صيح.) And انصدعت الأَرْضُ بِالنَّبَاتِ The earth clave with, or became cloven by, the plants, or herbage; as also ↓ تصدّعت. (TA.) And انصدع الصُّبْحُ (assumed tropical:) The dawn broke; like انفجر, and انفلق, and انفطر. (TA.)

صَدْعٌ ذ [originally an inf. n.] A cleft, split, slit, or crack, (Lth, S, O, K, TA,) [generally] in a hard thing, (Lth, O, K, TA,) such as a glass vessel, and a wall, and the like of these: pl. صُدُوعٌ. (TA.) Hassán says, satirizing El-Hárith Ibn-'Owf El-Murree, وَأَمَانَةُ المُرِّىِّ حَيْثُ لَقِيتَهُ مِثْلُ الزُّجَاجَةِ صَدْعُهَا لَمْ يُجْبَرِ [ And the fidelity of the Murree, where (meaning wherever ) thou meetest him, is like the glass vessel, of which the crack is not repaired ]. (O, TA.) ― -b2- And A part, or portion, separated, of a thing, (O, K, TA,) of sheep or goats, and the like: (TA:) an inf. n. used as a subst. [properly thus termed]: (O, K, TA:) like خَلْقٌ in the sense of مَخْلُوقٌ, &c. (O, TA.) ― -b3- And The plants of the earth; (K;) because they cleave it: (TA:) [i. e.] the plants from over which the earth cleaves: so in the phrase وَا@لأَرْضِ ذَاتِ ا@لصَّدْعِ, in the Kur lxxxvi. 12: (Bd:) or this phrase means And the earth which is cloven by the plants (Th, Bd, TA) and by the springs. (Bd.) -A2- And i. q. اـِلْبٌ: (TA:) you say, النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدْعٌ وَاحِد, (K, TA,) and اـِلْبٌ وَاحِدٌ [or أَلْبٌ وَاحِدٌ], (TA,) The people are one company combined in hostility against them: (K, TA:) and in like manner وَعْلٌ واحد and ضِلَعٌ واحد: so says AZ. (TA.) -A3- And A man light of flesh; and so ↓ صَدَعٌ, (S, K,) sometimes: (S:) or of middling stature, light of flesh: (Ks, TA:) like the mountain-goat thus termed. (TA.) ― -b2- See also صَدَعٌ.

صِدْعٌ ذ The half of a thing that is cloven, or split, or slit, in halves. (K, * TA. [See also صِدْعَةٌ.]) You say, صَدَعَ الشَّىْءَ صِدْعَيْنِ He clave, or split, or slit, the thing in halves. (TA.) ― -b2- And (assumed tropical:) A company of men. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) ― -b3- And (assumed tropical:) A woman who makes a division in the state of a people and does not repair it. (Ibn- 'Abbád, O, TA.)

صَدَعٌ ذ and ↓ صَدْعٌ, (K,) or the former only, (S,) applied to a mountain-goat, and a gazelle, and an ass, [app. a wild ass,] (S, K,) and a camel, (K,) Of a middling size, neither great nor small, but between the two: (S:) or youthful and strong: [see also صَدِيعٌ:] or [in the CK “ and ”] the former word signifies a thing of any sort between two things; between tall and short, and youthful and advanced in age, and fat and lean, and great and small. (K.) ― -b2- For the former word as applied to a man: see صَدْعٌ. ― -b3- Also, thus applied Penetrating, sharp, or effective, in his affair. (TA.) -A2- [It is said that] صَدَعٌ signifies also The صَدَأ [i. e. rust ] of iron. (K.) [But this seems to be a mistake, which has arisen from what here follows.] It is said that [a certain person called] El-Uskuff [which generally means “ the bishop ”], being asked by 'Omar respecting the Khaleefehs, designated [him who was afterwards] the fourth of them ['Alee] as صَدَعٌ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ, meaning [lit.] thereby A mountain-goat of iron; using it as a hyperbolical appellation to denote his might and courage and endurance and hardness: or the phrase, as some relate it, is صَدَأٌ حَديدٌ [which may be rendered, “ light or active in body ” (a meaning assigned to صَدَأٌ and صَدَعٌ, the latter of which is said to be in this sense the original), and “ sharp ”]; or صَدَأُ حَدِيدٍ [i. e. “ rust of iron, ” app. alluding to his frequent and long-continued wearing of mail and bearing of weapons]; which last is thought by As to be most probably correct. (O, * TA.)

صِدْعَةٌ ذ The half of a thing that is cloven, split, or slit, in halves; as also ↓ صَدِيعٌ. (K. [See also صِدْعٌ.]) ― -b2- And A [ herd such as is termed ] صِرْمَة of camels; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ صَدِيعٌ: (S, O, K: *) or, accord. to AZ, a herd of camels amounting to sixty. (O, TA.) And A separate flock, or herd, of sheep or goats; as also ↓ صَدِيعٌ: (S, O, K:) or, as some say, of these also, amounting to sixty: and it is said to signify also a herd of gazelles: (TA:) and ↓ صَدِيعٌ signifies also a herd of oxen [probably meaning wild oxen]. (O, TA.) ― -b3- One says also, عَلَيْهِ صِدْعَةٌ مِنْ مَالٍ i. e. [ On him lies a debt of ] a small amount of property. (TA.)

صَدَعَاتٌ ذ (tropical:) [ Divisions in opinion &c.]. One says, بَيْنَهُمْ صَدَعَاتٌ فِى الرَّأْىِ وَالهَوَى (tropical:) Between them is division [ in opinion and affection; or rather between them are divisions &c.]. (O, K, TA.) And أَصْلِحُوا مَا فِيكُمْ مِنَ الصَّدَعَاتِ (tropical:) [ Repair ye the divisions that are among you; ] i. e. become ye in a state of unity. (O, TA.) And اـِنَّهُمْ عَلَى مَا فِيهِمْ مِنَ الصَّدَعَاتِ أَلِبَّاآءُ كِرَامٌ (tropical:) [ Verily they, notwithstanding the divisions that are among them, are intelligent and generous ]. (TA.) [It is stated in the TA, among the additions to the K in this art., that one says also, اـِنَّهُمْ عَلَى مَا تَرَى لَكِرَامٌ ↓ مِنْ صَدَاعَتِهِمْ app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) Verily they, notwithstanding what thou seest of their disunion, are generous: but I think it most probable that صَدَاعَتِهِمْ is a mistranscription for صَدَعَاتِهِمْ.] -A2- [Reiske, as stated by Freytag, explains it as signifying also Camels going swiftly. ]

صُدَاعٌ ذ (assumed tropical:) Headache: (S, O, Msb, K:) Er-Rághib says that it is like a splitting in the head by reason of pain; and is a metaphorical term. (TA.)

صَدِيعٌ ذ Either half of a garment, or piece of cloth, (O, K,) that is slit in halves: (O:) and a thing [شَىْءٌ accord. to the copies of the K, but I think that the right reading is شَىْءٍ i. e. “ of a thing, ”] that is cloven, or split, or slit, in halves: pl. صُدُعٌ. (K.) See also صِدْعَةٌ, first sentence. It is also said to signify A [ garment of the kind called ] رِدَاآء, that is slit in halves. (TA.) And A new patch in an old and worn-out garment. (O, K.) And A garment much rent. (TA.) And A black garment which a wailing woman wears with a white garment beneath it, and which she rends at her bosom so that the white one appears: so says Kásim Ibn-Thábit. (TA.) And A garment that is worn beneath the coat of mail. (O, K.) And A shirt [ of a middling size ] between two shirts, neither large nor small. (TA.) ― -b2- See also صِدْعَةٌ, second and third sentences, in three places. ― -b3- Accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, (O,) applied to a mountain-goat, it signifies Youthful: and (some say, O) of middling size; syn. مَرْبُوعُ الخَلْقِ; (O, K, TA;) i. e. between two [ in size ]; like صَدَعٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) -A2- Also (assumed tropical:) Daybreak: (S, O, K:) because it cleaves the night. (O.) -A3- And Fresh milk which is put in a place, and becomes cool, and overspread by a thin skin: (O, K:) so called because you skim off (تَصْدَعُ, lit. “ cleave, ”) that thin skin from the clear milk. (O.)

صَدَاعَةٌ ذ : see a saying mentioned above, voce صَدَعَاتٌ.

صَادِعٌ ذ [act. part. n. of صَدَعَ; Cleaving, splitting, &c.] ― -b2- [Hence,] applied to a valley, (O, K,) and a road, or way, (سَبِيلٌ, O, TA, in the K erroneously written سَيْلٌ [a torrent], TA, [or both may be correct,]) and a mountain, (K, TA, [in the O, حَبْلٌ is put for جَبَلٌ,]) (assumed tropical:) Extending far along the earth. (O, K, TA.) ― -b3- And, applied to the daybreak, (assumed tropical:) Shining, or bright; syn. مُشْرِقٌ. (IDrd, O, K.) ― -b4- Also (assumed tropical:) One who decides, or judges, between, or among, a people, or party. (TA.) ― -b5- A poet (قيس بن ذريح) says, فَلَمَّا بَدَا مِنْهَا الفِرَاقُ كَمَا بَدَا بِظَهْرِ الصَّفَا الصَّلْدِ الشُّقُوقُ الصَّوَادِعُ [i. e. And when separation from her appeared, like as appear the cleaving cracks in the surface of the hard and smooth rock ]: it may be that ↓ صَدَعَ is syn. with تَصَدَّعَ in some dial. [and that صَوَادِع is pl. of its part. n.]: or this may be an instance of a possessive epithet, meaning having a cleaving. (TA.)

هُوَ أَصْدَعُهُمْ بِالصَّوَابِ فِى أَسْرَعِ جَوَابٍ ذ (assumed tropical:) [app. He is the most effective of them in deciding rightly in a most quick answer ]. (TA.)