Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

4 اضرم النَّارَ ذ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. اـِضْرَامٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ ضَرَّمَهَا, (S, K,) but this is with teshdeed to denote intensiveness [of the signification]; (S;) and ↓ استضرمها, (K,) in which the prefix is not meant to denote demand; (TA;) He kindled the fire; or made it to burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame; (S, Msb, K;) syn. أَوْقَدَهَا, (K,) or أَشْعَلَهَا. (S in art. شعل.)

5 تَضَرَّمَ see 1, in four places.

8 اـِضْتَرَمَ see 1, in four places. ― -b2- One says also, اضطرم المَشِيبُ (tropical:) Whiteness of the hair became glistening (اِشْتَعَلَ, K, TA) and much in degree. (TA.) ― -b3- And اضطرم الشَّرُّ بَيْنَهُمْ (assumed tropical:) Evil became excited among them. (TA.) ― -b4- [And اضطرم is said of a stallion-camel meaning (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, excited by lust, or by vehement lust: see its part. n., below.]

10 اـِسْتَضْرَمَ see 4.

ضِرْمٌ ذ and ضُرْمٌ, K, TA,) the former of which is that commonly known, (TA,) A species of tree or plant (شَجَر) of sweet odour, (K, TA,) found in the mountains of Et-Táïf and El-Yemen, (TA,) the fruit of which is like the acorn, and the flower like that of the [ species of marjoram called ] سَعْتَر, (K, TA,) fed upon by bees, (TA,) and the honey thereof has an excellent quality, K, TA,) and is called عَسَلُ الضُِّرْمَةِ: (TA: [ضُِرْمَةٌ being the n. un.:]) or it is what is called in the ancient Greek language أُسْطُوخُودُوس [app. a mode of writing soixa/dos , gen. of soixa\s ; for it is applied in the present day to stœchas, commonly called French lavender ]. (K, TA.)

ضَرَمٌ ذ : see ضَرَمَةٌ, in two places: ― -b2- and ضِرَامٌ.

ضَرِمٌ ذ [part. n. of 1: Becoming kindled; &c. ― -b2- And hence, (tropical:) Burning with hunger; or] vehemently hungry; (Msb;) [or simply] hungering, or hungry: (S, K:) or [ burning with anger; or] violently angry. (Msb.) ― -b3- And (assumed tropical:) A beast of prey in a state of excitement by lust. (TA.) ― -b4- And (tropical:) A horse that runs vehemently [or ardently ]; (S, K, TA;) and so ضَرِمُ العَدْوِ. (TA.) ― -b5- And (assumed tropical:) The young one of the eagle. (S, K.)

ضَرَمَةٌ ذ A palm-branch with its leaves upon it, or a شِيحَة [i. e. plant of one of the species of wormwood called شِيح], having fire [ kindled ] in its extremity: (S, K:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ ضَرَمٌ. (S.) [Hence,] one says, مَا بِهَا نَافِخُ ضَرَمَةٍ, [in the CK, ضِرْمَةٍ, and in my MS. copy of the K ضَرْمَةٍ, both of which are wrong, There is not in it (namely, the house, الدَّار,) a blower of a ضَرَمَة,] meaning, (tropical:) anyone. (S, K, TA.) ― -b2- ― -b3- Also A live coal. (K.) ― -b4- And Fire, (K, TA,) itself, as some say; (TA;) or so ↓ ضَرَمٌ, (Ham p. 77, and Har p. 27,) sometimes. (Ham ibid.)

ضِرَامٌ ذ [is like the inf. n. ضَرَمٌ used as a simple subst., signifying] A kindling, or burning up, burning brightly or fiercely, blazing, or flaming, of fire, (S, A, TA,) in [the species of high, coarse grass called] حَلْفَاآء, and the like thereof: (S, TA:) [and] the blazing, or flaming, of the [plant called] عَرْفَج [q. v.]. (Mgh.) ― -b2- [See also a phrase mentioned voce ضِرَاسٌ.] ― -b3- Also (S) Fragments, or broken pieces, of firewood, (S, K,) in which fire quickly kindles, or burns up, burns brightly or fiercely, blazes, or flames: (S:) or such as is weak and soft (K, TA) thereof: (TA:) such as has [i. e. leaves ] no live coals: (K, TA:) pl. of ↓ ضَرَمٌ; which is expl. in the A as meaning slender firewood; (TA;) or which means firewood, and what is thrown into fire [ as fuel ]: (Har p. 27:) or ضِرَامٌ signifies firewood that has kindled, or burned up, &c.: as also ↓ ضِرَامَةٌ. (K.)

ضَرِيمٌ ذ i. q. حَرِيقٌ, (S, A, TA,) [as meaning] Burnt with, or in, fire: (KL:) in the K, the word expl. as signifying حَرِيقٌ is said to be like حَيْدَرٌ, i. e. ↓ ضَيْرَمٌ. (TA.) ― -b2- And (assumed tropical:) Burning in the bowels. (TA.)

ضِرْيَمٌ ذ The gum of a certain tree. (K.)

ضِرَامَةٌ ذ : see ضِرَامٌ, last explanation. -A2- Also The terebinth-tree. (K.)

ضَيْرَمٌ ذ : see ضَرِيمٌ.

مُضْطَرِمٌ ذ (assumed tropical:) A stallion [camel] excited by lust, or by vehement lust. (TA.)

1 ضَرِىَ بِهِ ذ , (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. 1َ2َ3َ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. ضَرَاوَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ضَرًا (M, Msb, K) and ضَرْىٌ and ضَرَاآءَةٌ, (K, TA, [the last in the CK written ضَرَاة,]) He was, or became, attached, addicted, or devoted, to it; (S, M, K, TA;) and (TA) he habituated, or accustomed, himself to it, (M, * Msb, K, * TA,) so that he could hardly, or in nowise, withhold himself from it; (TA;) and emboldened himself to do it or undertake it or the like: and he kept, or clave, to it; and became attached, addicted, or devoted, to it; like the animal of prey to the chase. (Msb.) [And ضَرِيَهُ occurs in the M, in art. مرس, in explanation of تَمَرَّسَ بِهِ, app. for ضَرِىَ بِهِ, in the same sense.] It is said in a trad., اـِنَّ لِلْاـِسْلَامِ ضَرَاوَةً i. e. Verily there is a habituating and an attachment of oneself to El-Islám; meaning, one cannot withhold himself from it. (TA.) And in a saying, (S,) or trad., (M, TA,) of 'Omar, اـِيَّاكُمْ وَهٰذِهِ المَجَازِرَ فَاـِنَّ لَهَا ضَرَاوَةً كَضَرَاوَةِ الخَمْرِ (S, M, TA) i. e. [ Avoid ye these places where cattle are slaughtered and where their flesh is sold, for ] there is a habituating of oneself to them, and a yearning towards them, like the habituating of oneself to wine; for he who habituates himself to flesh-meat hardly, or in nowise, withholds himself from it, and becomes extravagant in his expenditure. (TA. [See also مَجْزَرٌ.]) And one says of a dog, ضَرِىَ بِالصَّيْدِ, (S, M, Mgh, K,) [in Har p. 579 فى الصَيد, which I do not find elsewhere,] aor. 1َ2َ3َ , (S,) inf. n. ضَرَاوَةٌ, (As, S, Mgh,) or ضَرًى and ضِرَاآءٌ and ضَرَاآءٌ, (M, K,) the last on the authority of AZ, (M,) He became habituated, or accustomed, to the chase. (S, Mgh, TA.) And ضَرِيَتِ الجَرَّةُ بِالخَلِّ [ The jar became seasoned with vinegar ] and بِالنَّبِيذِ [ with must or the like ]. (TA.) And ضَرِىَ النَّبِيذُ The نبيذ became strong [by remaining several days in the jar or skin]. (TA.) -A2- ضَرَا, (S, K,) aor. 1َ2ُ3َ , inf. n. ضَرْوٌ, (S,) or ضُرُوٌّ, (K,) said of a vein, It shed blood: (S, K:) or, accord. to the T, it quivered, and gushed with blood or made a sound by reason of the blood coming forth: Z says that the form of the verb is altered because of the alteration of the meaning. (TA.) And ضَرَى, (M, K,) aor. 1َ2ِ3َ , (K,) [likewise] said of a vein, (M,) signifies It flowed, (M, K, TA,) and ran [ with blood ]; on the authority of IAar. (TA.) And ضَرَا, aor. 1َ2ُ3َ , said of a wound, It ceased not to flow [ with blood ]. (IAth, TA.) -A3- And ضَرَا, inf. n. ضرو [whether ضَرْوٌ or ضُرُوٌّ is not shown], said of a man, He hid, or concealed, himself. (IKtt, TA. [See also 10.])

2 ضرّاهُ بِهِ ذ , (M, Msb, K;,) inf. n. تَضْرِيَةٌ; (K;;) and ↓ اضراهُ; (Msb, K;;) He caused him to become attached, addicted, or devoted, to it; (M, Kudot;, TA;) he habituated, or accustomed, him to it, (M, * Msb, Kudot;, * TA,) [ so that he could hardly, or in nowise, withhold himself from it; (see 1, first sentence;)] and emboldened him to do it or undertake it or the like. (Msb.) And ضرّى الكَلْبَ بِالصَّيْدِ, (S;, * Mgh,) inf. n. as above; (Sudot;, Mgh;) and بِهِ ↓ اضراهُ, (S, Mgh, TA, ast;) inf. n. اـِضْرَاآءٌ; (Mgh;) He habituated, or accustomed, the dog to the chase; (S, Mgh, TA;) and incited him, or caused him to become attached or addicted, thereto. (S.)

4 أَ1ْ2َ3َ see the next preceding paragraph in two places.

10 اِسْتَضْرَيْتُ لِلصَّيْدِ ذ I deluded, or circumvented, the object, or objects, of the chase, at unawares. (S. [See also 1, last meaning.])

ضَرُوٌ ذ : see the next paragraph, in three places.

ضِرْوٌ ذ A dog, (M,) or young dog, (S, Kudot;,) such as is termed ضَارٍ [i. e. habituated, or accustomed, to the chase ]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ ضَرِىٌّ: (K, TA: [in the CK, كالضَّرَى is erroneously put for كَالضَّرِىِّ:]) the latter word is like غَنِىٌّ: (TA:) the fem. of the former is with ة: and the pl. [of pauc.] أَضْرٍ [originally أَضْرُوٌ] and [of mult.] ضِرَاآءٌ. (S, M.) -A2- And A taint of جُذَام [or elephantiasis]: (M, K:) occurring in a trad. in which it is said of Aboo-Bekr, أَكَلَ مَعَ رَجُلٍ بِهِ ضِرْوٌ مِنْ جُذَامٍ [ He ate with a man in whom was a taint of elephantiasis ]: it is from [the inf. n.] الضَّرَاوَةُ; as though the disease became attached, or habituated, to the person: (M, TA:) mentioned by Hr in the “ Ghareebeyn: ” (M:) or, as some relate it, the word is with the fet-h, [i. e. ↓ ضَرْوٌ,] and is from ضَرَا said of a wound, the meaning being in whom was a wound having an incessant flowing. (TA.) -A3- Also, and ↓ ضَرْوٌ, A species of tree, of sweet odour, with [ the wood of ] which the teeth are rubbed and cleansed, and the leaves of which are put into perfume; (M, TA;) i. q. مَحْلَبٌ [q. v.]; so says Lth: (TA:) AHn says, the places of its growth are mostly in ElYemen; (M, TA;) and some say that the ضِرْو is the بُطْم [or terebinth-tree, or the fruit thereof ]: (M:) AHn says also, it is of the trees of the mountains, and is like the great oak, (M, TA, *) having clusters [ of berries ] like those of the oak, but its berries are larger; its leaves are cooked, and, when thoroughly cooked, are cleared away, and the water thereof is returned to the fire, and coagulates, (M, TA,) becoming like قُبَيْطَاآء [q. v.], (M,) and is used medicinally as a remedy for roughness of the chest and for pain of the fauces: (M, TA:) or the gum of a certain tree called the كَمْكَام [i. e. the cancamum-tree ], brought from El-Yemen: (S:) or this is a mistake, for it is the tree so called, not its gum: (K:) [but] it is said in the T, on the authority of AHn, that كَمْكَام signifies the bark (قِرْف) of the tree called ضِرْو: and some say that it is the resin (عِلْك) of the ضِرْو: and in the Moheet of Ibn-'Abbád it is said that كَمْكَام signifies the bark (قِرْف, or, as some say, لِحَاآء,) of the tree called ضِرْو, and is an aromatic perfume: (TA:) and (K, TA) IAar says, (TA,) the ضِرْو is the حَبَّة خَضْرَاآء [or fruit of the terebinth-tree ], (K, TA,) which is also sometimes used for rubbing and cleansing the teeth: when a girl rubs and cleanses her teeth with a stick of the tree called ضِرْو the saliva with which the stick is moistened from her mouth is like honey: (TA:) and the word is also pronounced ↓ ضَرْوٌ. (K.)

ضَرَاآءٌ ذ A level tract of land in which are beasts of prey and a few trees: (M, K:) or a piece of land, or ground, that conceals one: (AA, TA:) and trees, &c., that conceal one: (M:) or a thicket; or tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, trees; in a valley. (S, K.) One says, تَوَارَى الصَّيْدُ مِنِّى فِى ضَرَاآءِ الوَادِى [ The game hid itself from me in the tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, trees of the valley ]. (S.) And فُلَانٌ يَمْشِى الضَّرَاآءَ, with fet-h, meaning Such a one goes along lurking among the trees that conceal him. (S.) And هُوَ يَدِبُّ لَهُ الضَّرَاآءَ وَيَمْشِى لَهُ الخَمَرَ [ He creeps to him in the thicket, and walks, or goes along, to him in the covert of trees ]: said of a man when he deludes, or circumvents, his companion: (S:) but accord. to IAar, ضراآء here means a low, or depressed, place. (Meyd.) And فُلَانٌ لَا يُدَبُّ لَهُ الضَّرَاآءُ [app. meaning The thicket will not be crept through to such a one: but mentioned after the last of the explanations here following]. (M.) [See also ضَرَّاآءُ, in art. ضر.] ― -b2- [It is said that] it signifies also The hiding or concealing, oneself: (AA, K, TA:) [or] the walking, or going along, in that which conceals one from him whom one beguiles, or circumvents. (M.)

ضِرَاآءٌ ذ , a pl. epithet, [of which the sing. is probably ↓ ضُرِىٌّ,] Courageous: hence, in a trad., اـِنَّ فِينَا ضِرَاآءُ ا@للّٰهِ [ Verily among us are the champions of God ]. (TA.)

ضَرِىٌّ ذ : see ضِرْوٌ, first sentence. ― -b2- Applied to a vein, (S, M, K, TA,) (tropical:) Flowing; as also ↓ ضَارٍ: (M:) or flowing much; (TA;) of which the blood hardly, or in nowise, stops; (S, K, TA;) as though it were habituated to the flowing. (TA.) ― -b3- See also ضِرَاآءٌ.

ضَارٍ ذ Attached, addicted, or devoted, to a thing; (TA;) habituated, or accustomed, thereto, (Msb, TA,) so as hardly, or in nowise, to withhold himself therefrom; (TA;) and emboldening himself to do it or undertake it or the like: and keeping, or cleaving, thereto; being attached, addicted, or devoted, to it; like the animal of prey to the chase. (Msb.) [Hence,] كَلْبٌ ضَارٍ, (S, Mgh,) or كَلْبٌ ضَارٍ بِالصَّيْدِ, (M, K,) A dog habituated, or accustomed, to the chase: (S, Mgh, TA:) and كَلْبَةٌ ضَارِيَةٌ. (S. [See also ضِرْوٌ, first sentence.]) [كَلْبٌ ضَارٍ بِالصَّيْدِ is also expl. in the TA by the words اـِذَا تَطَعَّمَ بِلَحْمِهِ, app. meaning A dog having his appetite excited by tasting the flesh of the game. ] ضَوَارٍ [is pl. of ضَارٍ applied to an irrational animal, and as such] signifies [ Animals accustomed to prey; rapacious, or ravenous, beasts; and particularly] lions. (TA.) And المَوَاشِى الضَّارِيَةُ The cattle that are in the habit of pasturing upon peoples' seed-produce. (Nh, TA.) And بَيْتٌ ضَارٍ بِاللَّحْمِ A house, or tent, in which flesh-meat is habitually found so much that its odour remains in it. (TA.) And سِقَاآءٌ ضَارٍ بِاللَّبَنِ, thus correctly, as in the M, but in [some of] the copies of the K بِالسَّمْنِ, (TA,) A skin in which milk is long kept so that its flavour becomes good. (M, TA.) And جَرَّةٌ ضَارِيَةٌ بِالخَلِّ and بِالنَّبِيذِ [ A jar become seasoned with vinegar and with must or the like ]. (M, TA.) الاـِنَاآءُ الضَّارِى, occurring in a trad. of 'Alee, is said to mean The jar that runs [or leaks ]; and the drinking from it is forbidden because it renders the drinking troublesome: thus expl. by IAar: but it is also expl. as meaning the wine-jar that has become seasoned with wine (ضَرِىَ بِالْخَمْرِ); so that when نَبِيذ is put into it, it becomes intoxicating. (TA.) And عِرْقٌ ضَارٍ means A vein shedding blood: (S, K, TA:) [or quivering, and gushing with blood or making a sound by reason of the blood coming forth: (see the verb:)] or flowing, or running: (TA: see ضَرِىٌّ:) or accustomed to be opened, and therefore when the time for it is come and it is opened, emitting its blood more quickly. (TA.)

1 ضَعَّ ذ , (S, O, K,) an inf. n. of which the verb is ضَعَّ, aor. ضََُعَ , (TK,) The breaking, or training, (S,) or training well, (IAar, O, K,) a he-camel, (IAar, S, O, K,) and a she-camel, not previously trained: (IAar, O, K:) or the saying to a camel ↓ ضَعْ in order that he may become well trained. (Th, S, O, K.)

R. Q. 1 ضَعْضَعَهُ ذ , (inf. n. ضَعْضَعَةٌ, TK,) He threw it down, or pulled it down, [or rased it, ] to the ground; (S, O, K;) namely, a building. (S, O.) ― -b2- And ضَعْضَعَهُ الدَّهْرُ Time, or fortune, lowered, humbled, or abased him; (S, O;) and so بِهِ الدَّهْرُ ↓ تَضَعْضَعَ. (TA.) [See also ضَعْضَعَةٌ below.]

R. Q. 2 تَضَعْضَعَتْ أَرْكَانُهُ ذ , referring to a building, i. q. اِتَّضَعَتْ, (S,) i. e. [ Its angles, or corners, or its sides, ] sank down; and became in a state of ruin. (PS.) ― -b2- And تضعضع said of a man, (S, O,) He was, or became, lowly, humble, submissive, or abased; (S, O, K;) [or he lowered, humbled, or abased, himself; ] لِاآخَرَ [ to another ], (S,) or لِغَنِىٍّ [ to a rich person ]. (O.) Hence, (S,) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, وَتَجَلُّدِى لِلشَّامِتِينَ أُرِيهُمُ أَنِّى لِرَيْبِ الدَّهْرِ لَا أَتَضَعْضَعُ [ And my constraining myself to behave with hardiness to those who rejoice at my misfortune: I show them that I will not humble myself to the evil accidents of time ]. (S, * O.) ― -b3- And He became poor: (O, K:) as though from ضَعَّ: (O:) and تصعصع is a dial. var. thereof, on the authority of Aboo-Sa'eed. (TA.) ― -b4- And He became weak, and light in his body, by reason of disease, or of grief. (TA.) ― -b5- And تضعضع مَالُهُ His property became little. (TA.) ― -b6- See also R. Q. 1.

ضَعْ ذ : see the first paragraph above.

ضَعْضَعٌ ذ : see ضَعْضَاعٌ.

ضَعْضَعَةٌ ذ inf. n. of ضَعْضَعَهُ [q. v.]. (TK.) ― -b2- And [as though inf. n. of ضُعْضِعَ] Lowliness, humility, or submissiveness: (TA, and Ham p. 369:) [as used in the present day, a state of depression; languor; weakness; and poverty: ] and hardship, or adversity. (TA.)

ضَعْضَاعٌ ذ Weak: applied in this sense to anything. (S, O, K.) ― -b2- And A man without judgment, (S, O, K,) and without prudence, or precaution, or discretion; (O, K;) and ↓ ضَعْضَعٌ signifies the same, (S, O, K,) being a contraction of the former word. (S, O.)

مُتَضَعْضِعٌ ذ [the part. n. of R. Q. 2, q. v.,] is used by the Arabs as meaning A poor man. (O.)

1 ضَعُفَ ذ , (S, O, Msb, K,) and ضَعَفَ, (O, Msb, K,) the latter on the authority of Yoo, (O,) or of Lh, (L,) aor. of each ضَعُفَ , (Msb, K,) inf. n. ضُعْفٌ and ضَعْفٌ (S, * O, * Msb, K) [and app. ضَعَفٌ (q. v. infrà) or this is a simple subst.] and ضَعَافَةٌ and ضَعَافِيَةٌ, (K,) all of which are inf. ns. of the former verb, (TA,) or the first, which is of the dial. of Kureysh, is of the former verb, and the second, which is of the dial. of Temeem, is of the latter verb, (Msb,) He, or it, was, or became, weak, feeble, faint, frail, infirm, or unsound; ضُعْفٌ and ضَعْفٌ being the contr. of قُوَّةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and of صِحَّةٌ; (Msb;) and both of them may be used alike, in every relation; or, accord. to the people of El-Basrah, both are so used; so says Az; (TA;) but some say that the former is used in relation to the body, and the latter in relation to the judgment or opinion. (O, Msb, K: but this is omitted in my copy of the TA.) ― -b2- ضَعُفَ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ means He lacked strength, or power, or ability, to do or accomplish, or to bear, the thing; [ he was weak so as to be disabled, or incapacitated, from doing, or accomplishing, or from bearing, the thing; ] syn. عَجَزَ عَنْهُ, (Msb in art. عجز,) or عَجَزَ عَنِ ا@حْتِمَالِهِ. (Msb in the present art.) ― -b3- [See also ضَعْفٌ below.] -A2- ضَعُفَ also signifies It (a thing) exceeded; syn. زَادَ. (L, TA.) ― -b2- And you say, ضَعَفْتُ القَوْمَ (Lth, O, K, *) aor. ضَعُفَ , (O,) or ضَعَفَ , (K, TA,) inf. n. ضَعْفٌ; (O;) [and app. ضَعُفْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ, like as you say زِدْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ;] I exceeded the people, or party, in number, so that I and my companions had double, or several-fold, the number that they had. (Lth, O, K. *) ― -b3- See also 3.

2 ضعّفهُ ذ , inf. n. تَضْعِيفٌ: see 4: and see also المُضَعَّفُ. ― -b2- Also He reckoned, or esteemed, him ضَعِيف [i. e. weak, &c.]; (O, K;) and so ↓ استضعفهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and ↓ تضعّفهُ: (O, K:) or ↓ استضعفهُ signifies he found him to be so; (TA;) or he asserted him to be (جَعَلَهُ) so; (Msb;) or, as also ↓ تضعّفهُ, he [ esteemed him to be so, and therefore ] behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently, towards him, in respect of worldly things, because of [ his ] poverty, and meanness of condition. (IAth, TA.) غَلَبَنِى أَهْلُ الكُوفَةِ أَسْتَعْمِلُ عَلَيْهِمُ المُؤْمِنَ فَيُضَعَّفُ وَأَسْتَعْمِلُ عَلَيْهِمُ القَوِىَّ فَيُفَجَّرُ, [ The people of El-Koofeh have overcome me: I employ as governor over them the believer, and he is esteemed weak; and I employ as governor over them the strong, and he is charged with unrighteousness: ] is a saying mentioned in a trad. of 'Omar. (TA.) ― -b3- And He attributed, or ascribed, (O, K,) to him, i. e. a man, (O,) or (tropical:) to it, i. e. a tradition, [&c.,] ضَعْف [meaning weakness, app., in the case of a man, of judgment, and in the case of a tradition &c., of authority ]. (O, K, TA.) -A2- And He doubled it, or made it double, covering one part of it with another part. (TA.) ― -b2- See also the next paragraph, in two places.

3 ضاعفهُ ذ , (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُضَاعَفَةٌ; (S, Msb;) and ↓ ضعّفهُ, (S K,) inf. n. تَضْعِيفٌ; (S, O, Msb;) and ↓ اضعفهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. اـِضْعَافٌ; (S, Msb;) all signify the same; (S, K;) i. e. He doubled it, or made it double, or two-fold; (O, K;) [and trebled it, or made it treble, or three-fold; and redoubled it, or made it several-fold, or manyfold; i. e. multiplied it; for] Kh says, التَّضْعِيفُ signifies the adding to a thing so as to make it double, or two-fold; or more [i. e. treble, or threefold; and several-fold, or many-fold ]; (S, O, Msb;) and so الاـِضْعَافُ, and المُضَاعَفَةُ; (S, Msb;) and ↓ ضَعَفَهُ, without teshdeed, signifies the same as ضاعفهُ. (Ham p. 257.) The saying, in the Kur [xxxiii. 30], يُضَاعَفْ لَهَا العَذَابُ ضِعْفَيْنِ, (Mgh, O, K,) in which AA read ↓ يُضَعَّفْ, (TA,) accord. to AO, (Mgh, O,) means, The punishment shall be made to her three punishments; (Mgh, O, K;) for, he says, she is to be punished once; and when the punishment is doubled twofold, [or is repeated twice,] the one becomes three: (TA:) he adds, (O,) and the tropical meaning of يُضَاعَفْ (مَجَازُ يُضَاعَفْ [for which مَجازٌ يُضَاعَفُ is erroneously put in the CK]) is two things' being added to a thing so that it becomes three: (O, K:) but Az disapproves this, saying that it is peculiar to the tropical and the common conventional speech, whereas the skilled grammarians state the meaning to be, she shall be punished with twice the like of the punishment of another; (Mgh;) [so that it may be rendered the punishment shall be doubled to her, made two-fold; and in like manner] Ibn-'Arafeh explains it as meaning she shall have two shares of punishment. (O.) فَيُضَاعِفُهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً [ And He will multiply it to him many-fold, or, as some read, فَيُضَاعِفَهُ that He may multiply it, ] is another phrase occurring in the Kur [ii. 246]. (O, TA.) And one says, الثَّوَابَ لِلْقَوْمِ ↓ أَضْعَفْتُ [ I doubled, or multiplied, the recompense to the people, or party ]. (Msb.) And القَوْمُ ↓ أُضْعِفَ The people, or party, had a doubling, or multiplying, [of their recompense, &c.,] made to them; (Msb;) [and so, app., أَضْعَفُوا; (see مُضْعِفٌ;)] i. q. ضُوعِفَ لَهُمْ. (S, O, K.)

4 اضعفهُ ذ He, (God, Msb, or another, S,) or it, (disease, TA,) rendered him ضَعِيف [i. e. weak, &c.]; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ضعّفهُ. (L, TA.) -A2- And أَضْعَفَ, said of a man, He became one whose beast was weak. (S, O, K.) -A3- See also 3, first sentence, and last two sentences.

5 تَضَعَّفَ see 2, in two places. -A2- [تضعّف app. signifies also He manifested weakness: see تضوّر.]

6 تضاعف ذ signifies صَارَ ضِعْفَ مَا كَانَ [i. e. It became double, or two-fold; and treble, or threefold; and several-fold, or many-fold ]. (O, K.)

10 اـِسْتَضْعَفَ see 2, in two places.

ضَعْفٌ ذ an inf. n. of 1, like ↓ ضُعْفٌ, (S, * O, * Msb, K,) [both, when used as simple substs., signifying Weakness, feebleness, &c.,] but some say that the former is in the judgment or opinion, and the latter in the body; (O, Msb, K;) and ↓ ضَعَفٌ signifies the same, (IAar, K, TA,) and is in the body and also in the judgment or opinion and the intellect. (TA.) ― -b2- ضَعْفُ التَّأْلِيفِ [ Weakness of construction, in language, ] is such a construction of the members of a sentence as is contrary to the [ generally approved ] rules of syntax; as when a pronoun is introduced before its noun with respect to the actual order of the words and the order of the sense [in a case in which the pronoun is affixed to the agent in a verbal proposition]; for instance, in the phrase, ضَرَبَ غُلَامُهُ زَيْدًا [“ His, ” i. e. Zeyd's, “ young man beat Zeyd ”]. (KT.) When the pronoun is affixed to the objective complement, as in خَافَ رَبَّهُ عُمَرُ [“ 'Omar feared his Lord ”] such introduction of it is common: (I'Ak p. 128:) and it is [universally] allowable when the pronoun is of the kind called ضَمِيرُ الشَّأْنِ, as in اـِنَّهُ زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ; or ضَمِيرُ رُبَّ, as in رُبَّهُ رَجُلًا لَقِيتُهُ; or ضَمِيرُ نِعْمَ, as in نِعْمَهُ رَجُلًا زَيْدٌ. (Kull p. 56.) ― -b3- [In the CK, a signification belonging to ضُعْف is assigned to ضَعْف.]

ضُعْفٌ ذ : see ضَعْفٌ. ― -b2- مِنْ ضُعْفٍ in the Kur xxx. 53 means Of sperm. (O, K, TA.) AA, reciting before the Prophet, said مِنْ ضَعْفٍ; and was told by the latter to say من ضُعْفٍ, [i. e.] with damm. (TA.)

ضِعْفُ الشَّىْءِ ذ signifies The like of the thing, (AO, Zj, S, O, Msb, K, TA,) that doubles it (يُضْعِفُهُ); (Zj, TA;) and ضِعْفَاهُ, twice the like of it; (AO, S, O, Msb, K;) and أَضْعَافُهُ, the likes of it: (S, Msb:) الضِّعْفُ in the [proper] language of the Arabs means the like: this is the original signification: (Az, Msb:) and (K, TA, but in CK “ or, ”) then, by a later [and conventional] usage, (Az, Msb,) the like and more, the addition being unlimited: (Az, Msb, K:) one says, هٰذَا ضِعْفُ هٰذَا i. e. This is the like of this: and هٰذَانِ ضِعْفَاهُ i. e. These two are twice the like of it: and it is allowable in the language of the Arabs to say, هٰذَا ضِعْفُهُ meaning This is twice the like [i. e. the double ] of it, and thrice the like [i. e. the treble ] of it, [and more, ] because the ضِعْف is an unlimited addition: (Az, Msb: [and the like is said in the O, on the authority of Az:]) and one says, لَكَ ضِعْفُهُ meaning Thou shalt have twice the like of it, (Zj, O, K,) using the sing. form, though the dual form is better, (Zj, O,) and meaning also thrice the like of it, and more without limit: (K:) and الاِثْنَانِ ضِعْفُ الوَاحِدِ [i. e. الاثنان is the double of الواحد]: (M and K in art. ثنى:) and if one say in his will, أَعْطُوهُ ضِعْفَ نَصِيبِ وَلَدِى, twice the like of the share of his child is given to him; and if he say ضِعْفَيْهِ, thrice the like thereof is given to him; so that if the share of the son be a hundred, he [the legatee] is given two hundred in the former case, and three hundred in the latter case; for the will is made to accord with the common conventional language, not with the niceties of the [proper] language: (Az, Msb: [and the like is said, but less fully, in the Mgh:]) the pl. is أَضْعَافٌ only. (TA.) اـِذًا لَأَذَقْنَاكَ ضِعْفَ الحَيَاةِ وَضِعْفَ المَمَاتِ, in the Kur [xvii. 77], means ضِعْفَ العَذَابِ حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا, (S,) or ضِعْفَ عَذَابِ الحَيَاةِ وَضِعْفَ عَذَابِ المُمَاتِ, (O, Jel,) i. e. [ In that case we would assuredly have made thee to taste ] the like [or, as some explain it, the double ] of the punishment of others in the present world and [ the like or the double thereof ] in the world to come: (Jel:) [Sgh adds, app. on the authority of Ibn-'Arafeh,] the meaning is, the punishment of others should be made two-fold, or more, (يُضَاعَف,) to thee, because thou art a prophet. (O.) In the saying, فَأُولَائِكَ لَهُمْ جَزَاآءُ ا@لضِّعْفِ بِمَا عَمِلُوا, in the Kur [xxxiv. 36], by الضِّعْفِ is meant الأضْعَافِ [i. e. For these shall be the recompense of the likes for what they have done ]; and it is most properly held to denote ten of the likes thereof, because of the saying in the Kur [vi. 161], “ Whoso doth that which is good, for him shall be ten of the likes thereof. ” (O.) In the saying, فَاآتِهِمْ عَذَابًا ضِعْفًا, in the Kur [vii. 36], by ضِعْفًا is meant مُضَاعَفًا [i. e. Therefore do Thou recompense them with a doubled, or a double, punishment ]: عَذَابٌ ضِعْفٌ meaning a punishment as though doubled, one part of it upon another. (TA.) ― -b2- أَضْعَافُ الكِتَابِ means (tropical:) The interspaces of the lines, (S, O, K, TA,) or of the margin, (S, O,) or and of the margins, (K, TA,) of the writing, or book: (S, O, K, TA:) so in the saying, وَقَّعَ فُلَانٌ فِى أَضْعَافِ كِتَابِهِ (tropical:) [ Such a one made an entry of a note or postil or the like, or entries of notes &c., in the interspaces of the lines, &c., of his writing, or book ]: (S, O, TA:) and ↓ تَضَاعِيفُ الكِتَابِ signifies the same as أَضْعَافُهُ. (TA.) ― -b3- And أَضْعَافُ الجَسَدِ (assumed tropical:) The limbs, members, or organs, (أَعْضَاآء,) of the body: (O, K:) or the bones thereof: (AA, K:) or the bones thereof having flesh upon them: (TA:) sing. ضِعْفٌ. (K.) Hence the saying of Ru-beh, وَا@للّٰهُ بَيْنَ القَلْبِ وَالأَضْعَافِ (assumed tropical:) [ And God is between the heart and the limbs, &c.]. (TA.) And it is said of Yoonus, [the prophet Jonah,] كَانَ فِى أَضْعَافِ الحُوتِ (tropical:) [ He was amid the members of the fish ]. (TA.)

ضَعَفٌ ذ : see ضَعْفٌ. -A2- Also Garments, or pieces of cloth, made double (↓ مُضَعًّفَةٌ). (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.)

ضَعْفَةٌ ذ Weakness of heart, and littleness of intel-ligence. (TA.)

ضَعَفَةٌ ذ A party, or company, or small company, (شِرْذِمَةٌ,) of the Arabs. (TA.) ― -b2- Also a pl. of ضَعِيفٌ [q. v.]. (S &c.)

ضَعْفَانُ ذ : see ضَعِيفٌ.

ضَعُوفٌ ذ : see the next paragraph, in two places.

ضَعِيفٌ ذ (S, O, Msb, K) and [in an intensive sense] ↓ ضَعُوفٌ (Ibn-Buzurj, O, K) and ↓ ضَعْفَانُ (K) Weak, feeble, faint, frail, infirm, or unsound: (S, * O, * Msb, K: *) pl. (of the first, S, O, Msb) ضِعَافٌ and ضُعَفَاآءُ and ضَعَفَةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) which last is [said to be] the only instance of its kind except خَبَثَةٌ pl. of خَبِيثٌ [q. v.], (TA,) and ضَعْفَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ: (Msb:) fem. ↓ ضَعُوفٌ (Ibn-Burzurj, O, K) and ضَعِيفَةٌ; pl., applied to women, ضَعِيفَاتٌ (K) and ضَعَائِفُ and ضِعَافٌ. (TA.) وَخُلِقَ ا@لْاـِنْسَانُ ضَعِيفًا (in the Kur [iv. 32], O) means [ For man was created weak, or] subject to be inclined by his desire. (O, L, K.) And الضَّعِيفَانِ [ The two weak ones ] means the woman and the slave: hence the trad., اِتَّقُوا ا@للّٰهَ فِى الضَّعِيفَيْنِ [ Fear ye God in respect of the woman and the slave ]. (TA.) ― -b2- In the dial. of Himyer, Blind: and [it is said that] thus it signifies in the phrase لَنَرَاكَ فِينَا ضَعِيفًا [ Verily we see thee to be, among us, blind ], (O, K,) in the Kur [xi. 93]: (O:) but Esh-Shiháb rejects this, in the 'Inayeh. (TA.) ― -b3- [As a conventional term] in lexicology, applied to a word, [ Of weak authority; ] inferior to what is termed فَصِيحٌ, but superior to what is termed مُنْكَرٌ. (Mz, 10th نوع.) ― -b4- Applied to verse, or poetry, [ Weak; ] unsound, or infirm; syn. عَلِيلٌ: thus used by Kh. (TA.) ― -b5- The saying of a man who had found a thing dropped on the ground (وَجَدَ لُقَطَةً), فَعَرَّفْتُهَا ضَعِيفًا, means And I made it known in a suppressed, or low, [or weak, ] voice. (Mgh in art. نفر.)

ضَاعِفٌ ذ A cow having a young one in her belly; (IDrd, O;) as though she were made double thereby: (TA:) but IDrd says that this is not of high authority. (O.)

تَضْعِيفٌ ذ inf. n. of 2. (S &c.) ― -b2- تَضَاعِيفُ الشَّىْءِ means The doubles, or trebles, or multiples, of the thing; (مَا ضُعِّفَ مِنْهُ;) in this sense, تضاعيف has no sing., like تَبَاشِيرُ &c. (TA.) ― -b3- تَضَاعِيفُ الكِتَابِ: see ضِعْف, near the end. ― -b4- As expl. by Lth, (O,) التَّضْعِيفُ signifies حُمْلَانُ الكِيمِيَاآءِ [i. e. What is used as an alloy in chemistry or alchymy ]. (O, K.)