Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

سِرْطِيطٌ ذ : see سُرَطْ.

سُرَطْرِطٌ ذ or سَرَطْرَطٌ: see سُرَطٌ.

سِرِطْرَاطٌ ذ (Lth, Lh, S, M, K) and سَرَطْرَاطٌ, (Lth, M, K,) the former said by Az to be a good form, like جِلِبَّابٌ and سِجِلَّاطٌ, but the latter to be the only instance of its form known to him, (TA,) and ↓ سُرَيْطٌ, like زُبَيْرٌ, (accord. to the K,) or ↓ سُرَّيْطٌ, (as in the M,) like قُبَّيْطٌ, (TA, [in which this is said to be the right form,]) [The kind of sweet food called ] فَالُوذٌ, [Lh, S, M, K,) or فَالُوذَجٌ; (as in some copies of the K and in the TA;) so called because very delicious to eat and swallow, from سَرَطٌ signifying the “ act of swallowing; ” (Az, TA;) of the dial. of Syria: (Lh, M:) or [ the kind of sweet food called ] خَبِيصٌ. (M, K.)

سُرَاطٌ ذ : see سُرَاطِىٌّ.

سِرَاطٌ ذ A road, or way: (Msb:) or a conspicuous road or way; (M, K;) so called because he who goes away on it disappears like food that is swallowed; (K) i. q. صِرَاطٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) which is of the dial. of the early Kureysh, (Fr,) and is the more approved, on account of the mutual resemblance [of the ص and ط], (M, K,) though the former is the original; (M, Msb, K;) and زِرَاطٌ; for the saying that the pronunciation with the pure ز is a mistake, is [itself] a mistake: (K:) [ISd says,] As mentions the reading الزِّرَاط, with the pure ز; but this is a mistake; for he only heard the resemblance, and imagined it to be ز; and As was not a grammarian, that he should be trusted in this matter: (M:) this is [itself, however,] a mistake; for AA is related to have read الزّراط, and the same is related of Hamzeh, by Ks. (TA.) One says also, هُوَ فِى دِينِهِ عَلَى سِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (tropical:) [ He is, in respect of his religion, on, or in, a right way ]. (TA.) [It is fem. as well as masc.: see زُقَاقٌ.]

سِرْوَطٌ ذ : see سُرَاطِىٌّ.

سُرَيْطٌ ذ : see سِرِطْرَاطٌ: ― -b2- and سُرَّيْطَى.

سُرَيْطَى ذ : see سُرَيْطَاآءُ: ― -b2- and سُرَّيْطَى.

سُرَاطِىٌّ ذ A great eater; (K;) as also ↓ سِرْوَاطٌ (Seer, M, K,) and ↓ سِرْطِمٌ: (K:) or one who swallows everything; as also ↓ سِرْوَاطٌ (M) and ↓ سِرْطِمٌ and ↓ سَرْطَمٌ; (Lh, M;) from الاِسْتِرَاطُ; the م, accord. to IJ, being augmentative; (M;) and so ↓ سِرْوَطٌ. (TA.) [See also سُرَطٌ.] ― -b2- Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سُرَاطٌ, (M, K,) (tropical:) A sword that cuts (S, K, TA) much, or well; (K, TA;) that passes into the object that is struck with it; (M, TA;) that goes quickly into the flesh. (Ibn- Habeeb, O, in explanation of the former word.) ― -b3- سُرَاطِىُّ الجَرْىِ (tropical:) A horse that runs vehemently. (K, TA.) [See again سُرَطٌ.]

سُرَيْطَاآءُ ذ , (Jm, M, K, TA,) or ↓ سُرَيْطَى, (L,) A kind of soup, or food that is supped, (Jm, M, K, TA,) like خَزِيرَة [q. v.]; (Jm, M, TA;) in the K, erroneously, like حَرِيرَة: (TA:) or resembling خَزِيرَة. (L in explanation of the latter word.) ― -b2- See also سُرَّيْطَى.

سِرْوَاطٌ ذ : see سُرَاطِىٌّ, in two places.

سَرَّاطٌ ذ : see سُرَطٌ.

سُرَّيْطٌ ذ : see سِرِطْرَاطٌ: ― -b2- and see also the paragraph here following.

سُرَّيْطَى ذ a word occurring in the following prov.: الأَخْذُ سُرَّيْطَى وَالقَضَاآءُ ضُرَّيْطَى, (S, K,) or ↓ سُرَيْطَى and ضُرَيْطَى, (so in a copy of the M, without teshdeed,) and one says also ↓ سِرِّيطَى and ضِرِّيطَى, (O, K,) and ↓ سُرَيْطَاآءُ and ضُرَيْطَاآءُ, (O, K, TA, in the CK سُرَيْطا and ضُرَّيْطٌ,) and ↓ سُرَيْطٌ and ضُرَيْطٌ, (K, and so in a copy of the S,) each like زُبَيُرٌ, (TA,) or ↓ سُرَّيْطٌ and ضُرَّيْطٌ, (so in another copy of the S,) or both, (M,) [ Taking, or receiving, is a swallowing, and paying is a making with the mouth a sound like that of the emission of wind from the anus; i. e.] one takes, or receives, a loan, or the like, (S, M, O, K,) and swallows it, (M, O, K,) and when payment is demanded of him he makes with his mouth a sound like that of the emission of wind from the anus: (S, M, O, K, TA:) meaning that taking, or receiving, is liked, and paying is disliked: (TA:) and ↓ الأَخْذُ سَرَطَانٌ, (O, K,) or, as some relate it, سَلَجَانٌ, (O,) وَالقَضَاآءُ لَيَّانٌ. (O, K. [See 1 in art. سلج.])

سِرِّيطَى ذ : see the next preceding paragraph.

مَسْرَطٌ ذ and ↓ مِسْرَطٌ The gullet: (M, K:) also written with ص. (M.)

مِسْرَطٌ ذ : see what next precedes: ― -b2- and see also سُرَطٌ.

Q. 1 سَرْطَمَ ذ He (a man) was, or became, silent. (Sh, TA in art. رطم.) ― -b2- [From what follows, it would seem to signify also He was perspicuous in speech, or eloquent. ]

سَرْطَمٌ ذ Long, or tall; (S, K;) as also ↓ سِرْطِمٌ: (K:) in the latter sense, the former epithet is applied to a man; as also ↓ سِرْطُومٌ and ↓ سُرَاطِمٌ: (M:) and a poet (namely 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd, TA) uses the phrase سَرْطَمُ اللَّحْيَيْنِ [ long in the two jaw-bones ]. (S.) ― -b2- And The gullet; because of its width. (M.) ― -b3- And, as also ↓ سِرْطِمٌ, Wide in the fauces, quick in swallowing, (M, K,) or that swallows much, (TA,) with [ largeness of ] body and make: (M, K:) or that swallows everything: held by Kh to be of the triliteral-radical class; (M, TA;) and mentioned in art. سرط. (TA. [See سُرَاطِىٌّ.]) ― -b4- And hence ↓ the latter, (assumed tropical:) An eloquent speaker: (M in art. سرط and in the present art., and K * in the former:) or perspicuous in speech; (M and K in the present art.;) as also سَرْطَمٌ. (K.) ― -b5- سَرْطَمٌ is also expl. as meaning الذى يستوعب الزمام [which may be rendered That takes the whole of the nose-rein, or leading-rope; but the exact meaning must be determined from the context]; and so ↓ سُرْطُمَانٌ. (Freytag, from the Deewán of Jereer.)

سِرْطِمٌ ذ : see سَرْطَمٌ, in three places.

سُرْطُمَانٌ ذ : see سَرْطَمٌ, last sentence.

سُرْطُومٌ ذ : see سَرْطَمٌ, first sentence.

سُرَاطِمٌ ذ : see سَرْطَمٌ, first sentence.

1 سَرُعَ ذ , aor. سَرُعَ , inf. n. سِرَعٌ (S, Msb, K) and سَرَعٌ (TA [and mentioned in the K, but app. as a simple subst.,]) and سِرْعٌ and سَرْعٌ and سَرَاعَةٌ (TA) and سُرْعَةٌ, (K,) or this last is a simple subst. from أَسْرَعَ, (Msb,) [but it is also generally used as syn. with the inf. ns. before mentioned when they are employed as simple substs., and is more common than any of them,] He, or it, was quick, expeditious, hasty, speedy, rapid, swift, or fleet: [in course, tendency, action, speech, &c.:] (S, K:) or, said of a man, i. q. أَسْرَعَ [which may mean as above, or he hastened, made haste, or sped, ] in his speech and in his actions: (IAar, TA:) but Sb makes a difference between سَرُعَ and أَسْرَعَ: see the latter below: (TA:) one says also سَرِعَ, aor. سَرَعَ ; a dial. var. of سَرُعَ: and ↓ تسرّع, said of an affair, or event, signifies the same as سَرُعَ. (TA.) One says, السِّرَعَ السِّرَعَ like الوَحَاآءَ الوَحَاآءَ, (S, K,) i. e. [Make thou] haste; or haste to be first, or before, or beforehand: haste; or haste to be first, &c. (S and TA in art. وحى.) And سَرُعَ مَا فَعَلْتَ ذَاكَ, (S, * TA,) and سَرْعَ, which is a contraction of the former; for the Arabs contract by the suppression of dammeh and kesreh because they are difficult of pronunciation, saying فَخْذٌ for فَخِذٌ and عَضْدٌ for عَضْدٌ, but one should not say حَجْرٌ for حَجَرٌ, (S, TA,) or the like, accord. to the Basrees, though the Koofees allow the contraction in the case of fet-hah also, as in سَلْفَ for سَلَفَ; (M in art. سلف;) and one says also سُرْعَ, as a contraction of سَرُعَ; all meaning سَرْعَانَ [i. e. Quick was thy doing that: or how quick was thy doing that! or, which is nearly the same, excellently quick was thy doing that; for سَرُعَ is similar to قَضُوَ and رَمُوَ, denoting excellence]. (TA.)

2 سَرَّعَ see 4.

3 مُسَارَعَةٌ ذ signifies The hastening with another; or vying, or striving, with another, in hastening; or hastening to be, or get, before another or others; (S, K;) اـِلَى شَىْءٍ to a thing; (S;) as also ↓ تَسَارُعٌ; syn. مُبَادَرَةٌ; (S, K;) with which, also, [not, however, as it is expl. above, but in the sense of بُدُورٌ, i. e. simply the hastening to a thing,] ↓ اـِسْرَاعٌ is syn. (TA.) One says, سَارَعُوا اـِلَى كَذَا and اـِلَيْهِ ↓ تسارعوا, [ They hastened, one with another, &c., to such a thing, ] both signifying the same. (S.) And [of a single person,] سارع اـِلَى الشَّىْءِ He hastened to the thing; syn. بادر. (Msb.) And it is said in the Kur [iii. 127], وَسَارِعُوا اـِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ [ And vie ye, one with another, in hastening to obtain forgiveness from your Lord ]. (TA.) And again, [iii. 170,] ا@لَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِى الكُفْرِ Who fall into unbelief hastily, or quickly, (Bd, Jel,) and eagerly. (Bd.)

4 اسرع ذ is originally trans.; (S, K;) [signifying He quickened, or hastened, himself, or his going, &c.;] and hence the saying, in a trad., اـِذَا مَرَّ أَحَدُكُمْ بِطِرْبَالٍ مَائِلٍ فَلْيُسْرِعِ المَشْىَ [ When any one of you passes by a high wall, or the like, that is inclining, let him quicken, or hasten, the pace, or going ]. (K, * TA.) But [it is used also elliptically, as meaning He hastened, in an intrans. sense; he made haste; he sped; he went quickly; and hence] you say, اسرع فِى السَّيْرِ, (S, K,) like سَرُعَ [ He was quick, expeditious, hasty, speedy, rapid, swift, or fleet, in going, journeying, or pace ]: (K:) or [rather he hastened, made haste, or sped, therein; for] اسرع signifies he endeavoured, or sought, and affected, to be quick, &c., as though he hastened the pace, or going; but ↓ سَرُعَ denotes what is as it were an innate quality: (Sb:) the verb being originally trans., when you say of one اسرع فى السير it is as though [meaning] he urged himself forward with haste; or he quickened, or hastened, the pace, or going; and it is only because the meaning is understood by the persons addressing one another, that the objective complement is not expressed: (Lth, K:) or the verb may be trans. by means of a particle and without a particle: or when made immediately trans., the phrase may be meant to be understood as elliptical. (TA.) [Accord. to Fei,] اسرع فِى مَشْيِهِ, &c., inf. n. اـِسْرَاعٌ, is originally اسرع مَشْيَهُ [ He quickened, or hastened, his pace, or going ]; فى being redundant; or اسرع الحَرَكَةَ فِى مَشْيِهِ [ he quickened, or hastened, the motion in his going ]: and اسرع اـِلَيْهِ means اسرع المُضِىَّ اـِلَيْهِ [ he quickened, or hastened, the going to him ]. (Msb.) ↓ سرّع is syn. with اسرع. (TA.) And you say, اـِلَى الشَّرِّ ↓ تسرّع, (S, K,) meaning He hastened, or made haste, to [do] evil, or mischief; (K;) as also تزرّع. (Sgh and K in art. زرع.) And ↓ تسرّع بِالأَمْرِ He hastened to do the thing, or affair; syn. بَادَرَ بِهِ. (TA.) See also 3. ― -b2- اسرع اـِلَيْهِ occurs in a trad. as meaning He was quick, or hasty, in being angry with him, or in blaming him, or in reviling him. (Mgh.) ― -b3- اسرع بِهِ: see [its contr.] بَطَّأَ بِهِ. ― -b4- أَسْرَعُوا signifies also, Their beasts on which they rode were, or became, quick, swift, or fleet. (AZ, S, K.) -A2- مَا أَسْرَعَ مَا صَنَعْتَ كَذَا [ How quick was thy doing that! ]. (S, K.)

5 تَسَرَّعَ see 1 and 4; the latter in two places.

6 تَسَاْرَعَ see 3, in two places.

سَرْعٌ ذ [originally an inf. n. of سَرُعَ, like سِرْعٌ and سَرَعٌ accord. to the TA]: see سَرِيعٌ, in two places.

سَرَعٌ ذ : see [1 and] سُرْعَةٌ.

سَرِعٌ ذ : see سَرِيعٌ.

سُرْعَةٌ ذ Quickness, expedition, haste, speed, rapidity, swiftness, or fleetness; [of course, tendency, action, speech, &c.;] (S, K;) as also ↓ سَرَعٌ; (K;) [the former said in the K, and the latter in the TA, to be an inf. n. of سَرُعَ:] and a hastening, making haste, or speeding; i. q. اـِسْرَاعٌ [inf. n. of 4]; (TA;) or a subst. therefrom. (Msb.) You say, عَجِبْتُ مِنْ سُرْعَةِ ذَاكَ [ I wondered at the quickness, &c., of that ]. (S.)

سَرْعَانَ ذ and سُرْعَانَ and سِرْعَانَ (S, K) and ↓ سَرُعَانَ, the last with damm to the ر (IAar,) occurring in the phrase سرعانَ ذَا خُرُوجًا, (IAar, S, K,) meaning سَرُعَ ذَا خُرُوجًا [ Quick is this in coming forth: or how quick is this in coming forth! or, which is nearly the same, excellently quick &c.], (S, K,) are dial. vars., changed from the original form, which is سَرُعَ, and, for this reason, (S,) made indecl., with the final vowel of سَرُعَ for their termination. (S, K.) The word سرعان is used as a simple enunciative [placed before its inchoative], and also as an enunciative denoting wonder: [see بُطْاآنَ:] and hence the saying, (K,) لَسَرْعَانَ مَا صَنَعْتَ كَذَا How quick was thy doing that! (S, K.) The saying سَرَعَانَ ذَا اـِهَالَةٌ originated from the fact that a man had a lean ewe, her snivel running from her nostrils by reason of her leanness, and it being said to him “ What is this? ” he answered, “ Her grease: ” whereupon the asker said as above: the last word is in the accus. case as a denotative of state; and the meaning is, Quick, or how quick, is this snivel [coming forth] in the state of melted grease! or the last word is a specificative, under the supposition that the action is transferred [from its proper agent, which thus becomes a specificative], as in the phrase تَصَبَّبَ زَيْدٌ عَرَقًا; and the meaning to be understood is, Quick, or how quick, is the melted grease of this! the saying is applied to him who tells of a thing's coming to pass before its time: (O, K:) it is a prov. (TA.) -A2- سَرْعَانُ; and its fem., سَرْعَى: see سَرِيعٌ, in two places: see also the paragraph here next following, in two places,

سَرَعَانُ النَّاسِ ذ , (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ سَرْعَانُ الناس, (IAar, K,) The first, or foremost, of the men, or people, (IAar, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) striving, one with another, to be the first to do a thing; (K;) so says As, with reference to soldiers hastening: (TA:) the former word in this phrase is [distinguished from سَرْعَانَ in being] declinable in every case: (S:) in two trads. in which the phrase occurs, we find it differently related, سَرَعَان and سُرْعَان; the latter being pl. of سَرِيعٌ. (TA.) سَرَعَانُ الخَيْلِ, also, signifies The first or foremost, of the horsemen, and sometimes they said الخيل ↓ سَرْعَانُ. (K.) Abu-l-'Abbás says that when سرعان is an epithet applied to men, it has both of the above-mentioned forms; but when applied to others, the former is the more chaste, though the latter is allowable. (TA.)

سَرُعَانَ ذ : see سَرْعَانَ.

سُرَاعٌ ذ ; and its fem., with ة: see what next follows, in three places.

سَرِيعٌ ذ Quick, expeditious, hasty, speedy, rapid, swift, or fleet; [in course, tendency, action, speech, &c.;] (S, Msb, * TA;) as also ↓ سَرِعٌ [and ↓ سَرْعٌ] and ↓ سُرَاعٌ, of which the fem. is with ة, and ↓ سَرْعَانُ, of which the fem. is سَرْعَى; (TA;) i. q. ↓ مُسْرِعٌ, (K,) which signifies as above; (TA;) [and which also signifies hastening, making haste, or speeding; ] and ↓ مِسْرَعٌ, also, signifies quick, &c., (سَرِيع,) to [do] good or evil: (K:) the pl. of سريع is سُرْعَانٌ, (K,) and سِرَاعٌ is [also a pl. of the same,] syn. with مُسْرِعُونَ. (Msb.) You say, فَرَسٌ سَرِيعٌ and ↓ سُرَاعٌ [ A quick, swift, or fleet, horse ]: (IB:) and ↓ حِجْرٌ سُرَاعَةٌ meaning سَرِيعَةٌ [ a quick, swift, or fleet, mare ]. (K.) And ↓ اِسْعَ عَلَى رِجْلِكَ السَّرْعَى [ Go thou quickly; lit. go thou, or walk thou, or run thou, upon thy quick, or swift, leg ]. (Fr.) And ↓ جَاآءَ سَرْعًا meaning سَرِيعًا [ He, or it, came quickly, hastily, speedily, &c.]. (TA.) And God is said [in the Kur ii. 198, &c.] to be سَرِيعُ الحِسَابِ [ Quick in reckoning ], meaning that his reckoning will inevitably come to pass; or that one reckoning will not divert Him from another reckoning, nor one thing from another thing; or that his actions are quick, none of them being later than He desireth, because it is done without manual operation and without effort, so that He will reckon with mankind, after raising them from death and congregating them, in the twinkling of an eye, without numbering, or calculating: (K:) and [in like manner He is said in the same, chap. vi., last verse, to be] سَرِيعُ العِقَابِ [ quick in punishing ]. (El-Mufradát, B.) ― -b2- Also A certain kind of going, or pace; coupled with سُنْبُكٌ, which signifies another kind thereof. (Ibn-Habeeb, TA.) ― -b3- [السَّرِيعُ The ninth metre (بَحْر) in prosody, in which each hemistich originally consisted of مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ مَفْعُولَاتُ.] ― -b4- And أَبُو سَرِيعٍ The [ shrub called ] عَرْفَج: or the fire that is therein. (K. [See زَحْفَةٌ.]) -A2- Also A shoot, or twig, that falls from the بَشَام [or tree of the balsam of Mekkeh ]: pl. سِرْعَانٌ and سُرْعَانٌ. (K.)

أَسْرَعُ ذ [ More, and most, quick, expeditious, hasty, speedy, rapid, swift, or fleet, of course, tendency, action, speech, &c.]. [It is said, of God, in the Kur vi. 62,] وَهُوَ أَسْرَعُ الحَاسِبِينَ [ And He is the quickest of the reckoners ]. (K.) [The fem.] سُرْعَى is applied to a she-camel by Honeyf El-Hanátim [as meaning Surpassingly quick or fleet ]. (IAar, TA in art. بهى.)

مُسْرِعٌ ذ : see سَرِيعٌ.

مِسْرَعٌ ذ : see سَرِيعٌ.

مِسْرَاعٌ ذ Very quick, or hasty, (K, TA,) to [do] good or evil, (K,) or in affairs. (TA.)

1 سَرِفَ ذ , aor. سَرَفَ , inf. n. سَرَفٌ, He was ignorant: or he was unmindful, negligent, or heedless. (Msb.) [In these senses it is trans.: you say,] سَرِفَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. سَرَفَ , (K,) inf. n. سَرَفٌ, (S, * M, K, *) He was unmindful, negligent, or heedless, of it; (S, M, K;) namely, a thing: (S, M:) and he was ignorant of it: (S, K:) and he missed it; (S, * M, K; * [in the first and third of which, only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense in mentioned, and expl. as syn. with خَطَأٌ;]) syn. أَخْطَأَهُ. (M.) And طَلَبْتُهُمْ فَسَرِفْتُهُمْ I sought them and missed them: or was ignorant of them. (Msb.) And سَرِفَ القَوْمَ He passed by the people, or party, and left them behind him. (M.) As relates, of an Arab of the desert, with whom some companions of his made an appointment to meet him in a certain place of the mosque, and to whom he broke his promise, that, being asked respecting that, he said, مَرَرْتُ بِكُمْ فَسَرِفْتُكُمْ, meaning [ I passed by you and ] I was unmindful of you. (S.) And hence the saying of Jereer, (S, TA,) praising the Benoo-Umeiyeh, (TA,) أَعْطَوْا هُنَيْدَةَ يَحْدُوهَا ثَمَانِيَةٌ مَا فِى عَطَائِهِمُ مِنٌّ وَلَا سَرَفُ meaning [ They gave a hundred camels, eight persons driving them, or urging them by singing to them: there was not in their gift reproach for a benefit conferred, nor ] unmindfulness: or the meaning is, nor missing (خَطَأٌ); that is, they did not miss the proper place of the gift by their giving it to such as did not deserve it and refusing it to the deserving. (S, TA.) You say also, سَرِفْتُ يَمِينَهُ I was unacquainted with, or knew not, his oath. (TA.) ― -b2- [سَرَفٌ is also, as expl. below, syn. with اـِسْرَافٌ, but as a subst., having no verb properly belonging to it.] -A2- سَرَفَتِ الشَّجَرَةَ, (ISk, S, K,) aor. سَرُفَ , inf. n. سَرْفٌ, (ISk, S,) said of the سُرْفَة [q. v.], It ate the leaves of the tree: (ISk, S, K:) and سَرَفَتِ الخَشَبَ is likewise said of the سُرْفَة [as meaning it ate the wood ]. (Z, TA.) And سُرِفَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ, (ISk, S, M, TA,) inf. n. سَرْفٌ, (ISk,) The tree had its leaves eaten by the سُرْفَة: (S:) or was smitten, or lighted on, by the سُرْفَة: (ISk, M, TA:) and سَرِفَ الخَشَبُ [ the wood was eaten by the سُرْفَة], the verb in this phrase being quasi-pass. of the verb in the phrase سَرَفَتِ السُّرْفَةُ الخَشَبّ, like as حَطِمَ and صَعِقَ are quasi-passives of the verbs in the phrases حَطَمَتْهُ السِّنُّ and صَعَقَتْهُ السَّمَاآءُ: (Z, TA:) and [hence] one says also, سَرِفَ الطَّعَامُ (tropical:) The wheat, or food, was, or became, cankered, or eaten away; as though smitten, or lighted on, by the سُرْفَة. (M, TA.) ― -b2- [Hence also,] سُرِفَتْ أُذُنُ الشَّاةِ (tropical:) The ear of the sheep, or goat, was entirely cut off. (A, TA.) ― -b3- And سَرَفَتْ وَلَدَهَا (tropical:) She (a mother) injured her child by too much milk. (A, K, * TA.)

4 اسرف ذ , (Msb,) inf. n. اـِسْرَافٌ, (M, Msb,) He exceeded, or transgressed, the just, or right, bound, or limit, or measure; acted extravagantly, exorbitantly, or immoderately: (M, Msb:) or اـِسْرَافٌ signifies the being extravagant in expenditure, syn. تَبْذِيرٌ; (K) or so اـِسْرَافٌ فِى النَّفَقَةِ: (S, TA:) or, as some say, تبذير means the “ exceeding in respect of the right objects of expenditure, ” which is ignorance of the [right] manner, and of things that should prevent it; and اسراف means the exceeding with respect to quantity [ in expenditure ], and is ignorance of the values of the right objects: (MF in art. بذر:) or the latter signifies the expending otherwise than in obedience of God, (Sufyán, K, * TA,) whether little or much; (TA;) as also ↓ سَرَفٌ: (M, TA:) it is also said to mean the eating that which it is not lawful to eat; and this is said to be meant in the Kur vi. 142 or vii. 29: and the putting a thing in a wrong place [as when one expends his money upon a wrong object]: and accord. to Iyás Ibn-Mo'áwiyeh, الاـِسْرَافُ is that [ action ] whereby one falls short of what is due to God. (TA.) You say also, اسرف فِى مَالِهِ, meaning He was hasty in respect of his property, [i. e. in expending it, ] without pursuing the just course, or keeping within due bounds. (M.) And اسرف فِى الكَلَامِ and فِى القَتْلِ He exceeded the due bounds, or just limits, in speech, and in slaying. (M.) الاـِسْرَافُ فِى القَتْلِ, which is forbidden in the Kur xvii. 35, is said to mean The slaying of another than the slayer of one's companion: (Zj, M, Mgh: *) or the slaying the slayer without the authority of the Sultán: or the not being content with slaying one, but slaying a number of persons, because of the high rank of the slain and the low condition of the slayer: or the slaying one higher in rank than the slayer: (Zj, M:) or the slaying two when the slayer is one: or the maining or mutilating [ before slaughter ]. (Mgh.) اـِسْرَافٌ also signifies The committing of many faults, offences, or crimes, and sins. (TA.) And you say, أَكَلَهُ اـِسْرَافًا (TA) and ↓ سَرَفًا, (M, TA,) meaning He ate it hastily. (M, TA.)

5 تسرّف ذ He sucked: and ate, gnawed, or devoured. (KL. [App. from سُرْفَةٌ, q. v. See also سَرَفَتِ الشَّجَرَةَ, &c., in the latter half of the first paragraph.])

سَرَفْ ذ inf. n. of سَرِفَ [q. v.]. (S, * M, Msb, K. *) ― -b2- And also a subst. from أَسْرَفَ; (Msb;) i. q. اـِسْرَافٌ; (M;) signifying Excess, or transgression, of the just, or right, bound, or limit, or measure; extravagant, exorbitant, or immoderate, action or conduct; (M, Msb, TA;) contr. of قَصْدٌ. (S, K.) See also 4, in two places. ― -b3- [Hence,] (tropical:) The overflowing of water from the sides of a watering-trough, or tank; as in the saying, ذَهَبَ مَاآءُ الحَوْضِ سَرَفًا (tropical:) The water of the watering-trough, or tank, [ went away running to waste, or] overflowed from its sides: (K, TA:) or سَرَفُ المَاآءِ means (assumed tropical:) what goes, of water, without irrigating and without profit: [or rather its going for nought: ] you say, أَرْوَتِ البِئْرُ النَّخِيلَ وَذَهَبَ بَقِيَّةُ المَاآءِ سَرَفًا (assumed tropical:) [ The well irrigated the palmtrees, and the rest of the water went for nought, in waste ]. (Sh, TA.) ― -b4- And Addictedness (ضَرَاوَةٌ, S, K, or لَهَجٌ M) to a thing, (M,) or in respect of wine. (K, TA.) It is said in a trad. (S, M) of 'Áïsheh, (TA,) اـِنَّ لِلَّحْمِ سَرَفًا كَسَرَفِ الخَمْرِ [ Verily there is an addictedness to flesh-meat like the addictedness to wine ]: (S, M, TA:) i. e. he who is accustomed to it is addicted to the eating thereof, like as he who is constantly drinking wine is addicted thereto, having little selfrestraint therefrom: or the meaning here is unmindfulness [ of consequences with respect to flesh-meat &c.]: or corruptness of conduct, arising from hardness of heart, and daringness to disobey, and self-impulsion to the gratification of appetite: (TA:) or it may be [that the meaning is, there is an extravagance with respect to flesh-meat &c.,] from الاـِسْرَافُ (S, TA) in expenditure for that which is not needed, or otherwise than in obedience [to the law of God]. (TA.) ― -b5- It is also said in a trad., لَا يَنْتَهِبُ الرَّجُلُ نُهْبَةً ذَاتَ سَرَفٍ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ, meaning, ذَاتَ شَرَفٍ وَقَدْرٍ كَبِيرٍ [i. e. The man shall not take a thing as spoil that is of high and great estimation, he being a believer ]: (K, TA:) [for] people disapprove of that: (TA:) and it is also related with ش [i. e. ذات شَرَفٍ]. (K.)

سَرِفٌ ذ Ignorant; (IAar, M, Msb, TA;) as also ↓ مُسْرِفٌ: (IAar, TA:) or unmindful, negligent, or heedless. (Msb.) And رَجُلٌ سَرِفٌ الفُؤَادِ (tropical:) A man missing, or mistaking, in heart, or mind; negligent, or heedless, therein. (S, K, TA.) And رَجُلٌ سَرِفُ العَقْلِ (assumed tropical:) A man having little intellect, or intelligence: or (tropical:) corrupt in intellect; accord. to Z, from سَرَفَتِ السُّرْفَةُ الخَشَبَ, of which the quasipass. is سَرِفَ [q. v.; meaning that it is from سَرِفٌ as a part. n. of this latter verb]. (TA.) ― -b2- أَرْضٌ سَرِفَةٌ, (S, M, K,) and وَادٍ سَرِفٌ, (M, TA,) A land, and a valley, abounding with the [ worm, or caterpillar, or small creeping thing, called ] سُرْفَة. (S, M, * K, TA.)

سُرُفٌ ذ A certain white thing [or substance ] resembling the web of the silkworm. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.)

سُرْفَةٌ ذ [ A certain worm, or caterpillar, or small creeping thing; ] a small creeping thing that makes for itself a habitation, (S, K,) four-sided, or square, (S,) of fragments of wood, (S, K,) joining them together by means of its spittle, in the form of a نَاؤُوس [here meaning coffin ], (S,) which it then enters, and [ therein it ] dies: (S, K:) or the silkworm: or a certain small creeping thing, dust-coloured, that constructs a beautiful habitation in which it is: or a very small creeping thing, like the half of a lentil, that bores a tree, and then constructs therein a habitation of pieces of wood, which it conjoins by means of what resembles the web of the spider: or a very small dust-coloured creeping thing, that comes to a piece of wood and excavates it, and then brings a bit of wood and puts it therein, then another, then another, and then weaves what resembles the web of the spider: or, accord. to AHn, a certain small creeping thing, like the worm, inclining in some degree to blackness, found upon the [ plants called ] حَمْض, that constructs a four-sided, or square, habitation, of pieces of wood, joining the extremities of these together by means of a thing [or substance ] resembling the web of the spider: or the worm [or caterpillar ] that weaves [a web ] upon certain trees, and eats their leaves, and destroys the rest thereof by that weaving: or a certain worm [or caterpillar ] like the finger, hairy, speckled with black or white, that eats the leaves of trees so as to make them bare: or a certain worm [or caterpillar ] that weaves upon itself, of the size of the finger in length, a thing like the قِرْطَاس [or roll, or scroll, of paper ], which it enters, so becoming unattainable: or a certain light, small creeping thing, like a spider: (M:) pl. سُرَفٌ. (TA.) Hence the prov., أَصْنَعُ مِنْ سُرْفَةٍ [ More skilled in fabricating than a سُرْفَة ]. (S, M, K.) And one says also, أَخَفُّ مِنْ سُرْفَةٍ [ Lighter than a سُرْفَة]. (M.)

[ سَرَافٌ ذ , accord. to Freytag, (but he has not named his authority,) The erosion of a tree by wood-fretters (“ teredines, ” by which he means سُرَف, pl. of سُرْفَةٌ).]