Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

سَرُوفٌ ذ Hard, severe, or difficult; great, momentous, or formidable: (O, K, TA:) an epithet applied to a day. (O, TA.)

سَرِيفٌ ذ A row of grape-vines. (O, K.)

سَرَافِيلُ ذ : see اـِسْرَافِيلُ, below.

أُسْرُفٌ ذ i. q. اآنُكٌ [i. e. Lead, or black lead, or tin, or pewter ]; (O, K;) of Pers. origin, (O,) arabicized, from سُرُبْ, (O, L, K,) or أُسْرُبْ. (CK.) [See also أُسْرُبٌ.]

اـِسْرَافِيلُ ذ , (S, M, O, K,) and El-Kanánee used to say ↓ سَرَافِيلُ, the name of A certain angel; (M; [in which it is mentioned among quadriliteral-radical words; but it is there said that the اـ may be radical;]) the angel who is to blow the horn on the day of resurrection: (Jel in vi. 73, &c.:) [see رُوحَانِىٌّ:] a foreign word (S, O, K) prefixed, (K,) or as though prefixed, (S, O,) to اـِيلُ: (S, O, K:) and اـِسْرَافِينُ is a dial. var. of the same; (Kh, S, M, O, K;) like as they said جَبْرِينُ and اـِسْمَاعِينُ and اـِسْرَائِينُ. (Akh, S, O.)

مُسْرِفٌ ذ [ Exceeding, or transgressing, the just, or right, bound, or limit, or measure; acting extravagantly, &c.: see its verb (4)]. ― -b2- See also سَرِفٌ. ― -b3- [Also] Denying, or disacknowledging, the favours, or benefits, or the unity, and the prophets and law, of God; a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel: it is said to be used in this sense in the Kur xl. 36. (TA.)

مَسْرُوفٌ ذ Eaten by the سُرْفَة [q. v.]. (TA.) And شَجَرَةٌ مَسْرُوفَةٌ A tree of which the leaves have been eaten by the سُرْفَة; (S;) or smitten, or lighted on, by the سُرْفَة. (ISk, TA.) ― -b2- شَاةٌ مَسْرُوفَةٌ (tropical:) A sheep, or goat, that has had its ear entirely cut off. (M, A.)

سَرَافِيلُ ذ and اـِسْرَافِيلُ and اـِسْرَافِينُ: see the next preceding art.

1 سَرَقَ مِنْهُ مَالًا ذ , (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) or الشَّىْءَ, (K,) and سَرَقَهُ مَالًا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) thus also they sometimes said, (S, O,) the prep. being suppressed for the sake of alleviation, but meant to be understood, (Ham p. 155,) aor. سَرِقَ inf. n. سَرَقٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and سَرِقٌ and سَرَقَةٌ (Mgh, K) and سَرِقَةٌ and سَرْقٌ, (K,) He stole from him property, [or the thing, ] i. e. he took it [ from him ] secretly, and by artifice; (Mgh;) or he came clandestinely to a place of custody, and took what belonged to him, namely, another person; (O, K;) as also ↓ استرقهُ [followed by مِنْهُ]. (IAar, K.) And سَرَقَهُمْ [alone, He stole from them; or robbed them ]. (JK and K in art. بوق.) It is said in a prov., سُرِقَ السَّارِقُ فَا@نْتَحَرَ (S, O) The thief was robbed, and in consequence slew himself: applied to him who has a thing not belonging to him taken from him, and whose impatience consequently becomes excessive. (Meyd, * O.) And ↓ سرّقهُ, inf. n. تَسْرِيقٌ signifies the same as سَرَقَهُ: El-Farezdak says, لَا تَحْسِبَنَّ دَرَاهِمًا سَرَّقْتَهَا تَمْحُو مَخَازِيكَ الَّتِى بِعُمَانِ [ By no means reckon thou that dirhems which thou stolest will efface thy disgraceful practices that were committed in 'Omán ]. (IB, TA.) And you say in selling a slave, بَرِئْتُ اـِلَيْكَ مِنَ الاـِبَاقِ وَالسَّرَقِ [ I am irresponsible to thee for running away and stealing ]. (TA.) ― -b2- One says also, سَرَقَ السَّمْعَ, meaning استرقهُ . (Msb. See 3.) ― -b3- And سُرِقَ صَوْتُهُ [lit. His voice was stolen ], meaning (tropical:) he became hoarse. (Z, TA.) ― -b4- And سرقت يا قوم [app. سُرِقْتُ يَا قَوْمِ, expl. as meaning سرقت عرضى, which I think a mistranscription for سُرِقْتُ عِرْضِى, i. e. (assumed tropical:) I have been robbed of my honour, or reputation, O my people ]. (TA.) ― -b5- And سَرَقْنَا لَيْلَةً مِنَ الشَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) We passed pleasantly, or with enjoyment, a night of the month. (TA.) ― -b6- And سَرَقَتْنِى عَيْنِى (tropical:) My eye overcame me. (TA.) -A2- سَرِقَ, aor. سَرَقَ , (Yoo, IDrd, K,) inf. n. سَرَقٌ, (TK,) said of a thing, (Yoo, IDrd,) i. q. خَفِىَ [ It was, or became, unperceived, or imperceptible, or hardly perceived or perceptible, &c.]. (Yoo, IDrd, K.) ― -b2- And سَرِقَتْ مَفَاصِلُهُ, aor. as above, (IDrd, K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) His joints became weak, or feeble; (IDrd, K;) as also ↓ انسرقت. (K.)

2 سرّقهُ ذ : see 1. ― -b2- Also, (S,) inf. n. تَسْرِيقٌ, (K,) He attributed to him [or accused him of ] theft. (S.) It is said in the Kur [xii. 81], accord. to one reading, اـِنَّ ا@بْنَكَ سُرِّقَ [ Verily thy son has been accused of theft ]. (S.)

3 هُوَ يُسَارِقُ النَّظَرَ اـِلَيْهِ ذ (tropical:) He avails himself of, (S, O,) or seeks, (K,) his inadvertence, to look at him: (S, O, K:) [ he takes an opportunity of looking at him by stealth: ] and in like manner one uses the phrases النَّظَرِ ↓ اِسْتَراقُ and ↓ تَسَرُّقُهُ [as meaning (tropical:) the taking an opportunity of looking by stealth ]: and ↓ التَّسَرُّقُ [alone] signifies (assumed tropical:) the taking an opportunity of looking and of hearing: (TA:) [and the hearing discourse by stealth; as is indicated in the TA:] and السَّمْعَ ↓ استرق [and استرق alone, as appears from an explanation of the part. n. مُسْتَرِقٌ, below,] (tropical:) He listened, (S, O,) or heard, (Msb,) by stealth; (S, O, Msb;) as also السَّمْعَ ↓ سَرَقَ. (Msb.)

5 تسرّق ذ He stole [ by degrees, or] one thing and then another. (O, K.) So in the phrase تسرّق شِعْرِى [ He stole my poetry, bit by bit ], used by Ru-beh. (O, TA.) ― -b2- See also 3, in two places.

7 انسرق ذ He went, drew, or shrank, back, in order to go away, عَنْهُمْ from them. (K, TA. [In this and the following sense, the verb is erroneously written in the CK اَسْرَقَ.]) ― -b2- And He was, or became, languid, and weak, or feeble. (O, K, TA.) See also 1, last sentence.

8 استرق ذ : see 1, first sentence: ― -b2- and see 3, in two places. [See also كَبِيسٌ.] ― -b3- Also (tropical:) He deceived, or circumvented, secretly, [or by stealth, ] like him who [ so ] listens. (TA.) ― -b4- And you say, استرق الكَاتِبُ بَعْضَ المُحَاسَبَاتِ (tropical:) The writer suppressed some of the items of the reckoning. (TA.)

Q. Q. 1 سَرْقَنَ الأَرْضَ ذ He manured the land with سِرْقِين. (L in art. سرقن.)

سَرَقٌ ذ Oblong pieces (S, O, Msb, * K) of silk; (S, O, Msb;) accord. to A'Obeyd, (S, O,) of white silk: (S, O, K:) or silk in general: (K:) said by A'Obeyd to be arabicized from the Pers. سَرَهْ, meaning “ good: ” (S, O:) n. un. with ة; (S, O, Msb;) which is expl. as meaning a piece of good silk. (TA.)

سَرِقٌ ذ and ↓ سَرِقَةٌ [the former of which is said in the Mgh and K, and the latter in the K, to be an inf. n., are also said to be] substs. from سَرَقَ, [as such signifying Theft, ] as also ↓ سَرْقَةٌ, (O, K,) or ↓ سِرْقَةٌ. (Msb.)

سَرْقَةٌ ذ : see what next precedes.

سِرْقَةٌ ذ : see what next precedes.

سَرِقَةٌ ذ : see سَرِقٌ. ― -b2- Also, (Msb,) A thing stolen; (Mgh, Msb;) and so ↓ سُرَاقَةٌ; [pl. of the latter سُرَاقَاتٌ;] whence the saying عِنْدَهُ سُرَاقَاتُ الشِّعْرِ [ He has stolen things of poetry or verse ]. (TA.)

سِرْقِينٌ ذ , (K, and S and Msb in art. سرج,) sometimes written سَرْقِينٌ, (K,) as also سَرْجِين, (Msb, TA,) Dung of horses or other solid-hoofed animals, syn. رَوْثٌ, and زِبْلٌ, (Msb,) or fresh dung of camels, sheep and goats, wild oxen, and the like; (TA in art. ذأر;) a manure for land: (L:) arabicized from سركين [or سَرْGِينْ], (Msb, K,) a Pers. word. (Msb.) [See سِرْجِينٌ, in art. سرج.]

سَرُوقٌ ذ [ Thievish; a great thief ]; an epithet applied to a man, and to a dog: pl. سُرُقٌ. (TA.)

سُرَاقَةٌ ذ : see سَرِقَةٌ. ― -b2- Also A stealer of poetry or verses. (TA.)

سَرُوقَةٌ ذ [ Very thievish; a very great thief ]: it has no pl. (TA.)

سَارِقٌ ذ [ Stealing; a thief; or] one who comes clandestinely to a place of custody, and takes what does not belong to him: (O:) pl. سَرَقَةٌ and سُرَّاقٌ (TA) and سُرَّقٌ. (Mgh.)

سُورَقٌ ذ A certain disease in the members, or limbs. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.)

سَارِقَةٌ ذ sing. of سَوَارِقُ, which signifies [ Collars by means of which the two hands are confined together to the neck, called also ] جَوَامِعُ, (O, K, TA,) of iron, attached to fetters or shackles. (TA.) ― -b2- And the pl., سَوَارِقُ, signifies also The adjuncts (زَوَائِد) in the catches (فَرَاش [q. v.]) of a lock. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.)

مَسْرُوقُ الصَّوْتِ ذ [lit. Having the voice stolen, ] means (tropical:) hoarse in voice. (Z, TA.) And hence, مَسْرُوقُ البُغَامِ (tropical:) [A young gazelle] having a nasal sound, or twang, in its cry; as though its voice were stolen: a phrase used by El-Aashà. (TA.)

مُسْتَرِقٌ ذ (tropical:) Listening by stealth, (K, TA,) like the thief. (TA.) ― -b2- (assumed tropical:) Defective, weak in make. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) ― -b3- مُسْتَرِقُ القَوْلِ (tropical:) Weak in speech or saying. (A, TA.) ― -b4- مُسْتَرِقُ العُنُقِ (tropical:) Short in the neck; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA;) applied to a man; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA;) contracted therein. (A, TA.) [In the CK, المُسْرِقُ is erroneously put for المُسْتَرِقُ.]

Q. 1 سَرْقَنَ ذ : see the next preceding art.

سَرْقِينٌ ذ : see the next preceding art.

سُرْمٌ ذ The anus; (IAar, T;) the place of egress of the feces; i. e. the extremity of the rectum; (S, K;) a post-classical word: (S:) or the interior of the extremity of the rectum: (Lth, TA:) or the edge, or margin, of the rectum: accord. to some, peculiarly in beasts of prey that have claws: pl. أَسْرَامٌ. (M.) Hence the phrase رَجُلٌ وَاسِعُ السُّرْمِ ضَخْمُ البُلْعُومِ, occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) A man strong, or vehement, and violent, or wrongful or unjust or tyrannical in conduct: or a man prodigal of wealth and of blood: and therefore described as wide in the places of egress and ingress. (TA in art. بلعم and in the present art.)

سَرَمٌ ذ Pain of the anus. (K, TA.)

سَرْمَدٌ ذ [signifies, or implies,] Continuance, or incessant continuance, (دَوَام, Kh, M, L, and اِتِّصَال, Kh, L,) of time, (Kh, M, L,) either of night or of day. (Kh, L.) [I have said “ or implies ” because I have not found it used otherwise than as an epithet, in the following senses.] ― -b2- Continuing; or continuing incessantly, or endlessly; syn. دَائِمٌ; (Zj, S, L, K;) or دَائِمٌ لَا يَنْقَطِعُ. (Nh, L.) It is applied in this sense to night (Nh, L) [and also to day: to each in the Kur xxviii. 71 and 72]: and to night as meaning Long. (L, K.) ― -b3- Accord. to El-Fakhr Er-Rázee, it is derived from السَّرْدُ, which denotes consecutiveness and uninterruptedness, and the م is added to give intensiveness to the signification: if so, its proper place is in art. سرد; its measure being فَعْمَلٌ: (MF:) [thus] its م is augmentative like the م in دُلَامِصٌ. (Bd in xxviii. 71.) ― -b4- One says also, هُوَ لَكَ سَرْمَدًا He, or it, is thine ever, or for ever. (Mgh in art. سمد.)

سَرْمَدِىٌّ ذ Having neither beginning nor end. (KT.)

اِسْرَنْدَاهُ ذ : and سَرَنْدًى: and مُسْرَنْدٍ: see art. سرد.

Q. 1 سَرْهَدَ ذ , (S, K,) inf. n. سَرْهَدَةٌ, (S,) He fed, or nourished, a child well. (S, L, K.) -A2- And He cut a camel's hump [ in pieces: see the pass. part. n., below]. (K.)

سَرْهَدٌ ذ a term sometimes applied to The fat of a camel's hump. (S, L.) -A2- And Much water. (L.)

مُسَرْهَدٌ ذ A fat camel's hump: (S, L, K:) or a camel's hump cut in pieces. (L.) ― -b2- Supplied with the comforts and conveniences of life, and well fed: and, with ة, a woman fat, and well fed. (L.) [Applied also to a young camel: see an ex. in a hemistich cited in the first paragraph of art. رجل.]

1 سَرُوَ ذ , (S, M, Mgh, K,) aor. يَسْرُو; (S, K;) and سَرَا, (S, M, K,) aor. as above; (S, K;) and سَرِىَ, (S, M, K,) aor. يَسْرَى; (S, K;) inf. n. سَرَاوَةٌ, (S, M, K,) of the first verb, (S, M,) and سَرْوٌ, (Sb, Lh, S, M, Mgh, K,) of the same verb, (M, Mgh,) and of the second, (S, M,) and of the third, (S,) and سَرًا and سَرَاآءٌ, (M, K,) both of the third, but سَرَاآءٌ, and this only, is mentioned by Lh as inf. n. of the second verb; (M;) He was, or became, possessed of liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory. (M, K.) -A2- سَرْوُ المَسَاقِى means The cleaning out of what are termed مَسَاقٍ [pl. of مَسْقَاةٌ or مِسْقَاةٌ, which see in art. سقى]. (TA.) -A3- سَرْوٌ also signifies, like تَسْرِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ↓ سرّى], and اـِسْرَاآءٌ [inf. n. of ↓ اسرى], The throwing off a thing from oneself [or from another]; (K, TA;) and the pulling off a thing. (TA.) You say, سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى, (ISk, S,) or عَنْهُ, aor. أَسْرُو, (Mgh,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, I threw off the garment from me, (ISk, S,) or I removed the garment from over him; (Mgh;) and سَرَيْتُ is a dial. var. thereof; (S;) or سَرَا ثَوْبَهُ عَنْهُ, inf. n. سَرْوٌ; and ↓ سرّاهُ; he pulled off his garment from him: (M:) and سَرَوْتُ الجُلَّ عَنِ الفَرَسِ, (TA,) or عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (M,) and ↓ سَرَّيْتُهُ, and ↓ أَسْرَيْتُهُ, I threw off [ the horse-cloth from the horse, or from the back of the horse ]. (TA.) And سَرَوْتُ عَنِّى دِرْعِى [ I threw off from me my coat of mail ]: in this case the verb is only with و. (S.) [Hence,] عَنْهُ ↓ سُرِّىَ, (M,) or سُرِّىَ عَنْهُ الهَمُّ, (S, K, *) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) Anxiety became removed from him; as also عَنْهُ ↓ انسرى الهَمُّ: (S, K, * TA:) or his anxiety became removed, or cleared away. (M, in explanation of the first of these phrases.) And عَنْهُ الخَوْفُ ↓ سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) Fear was made to quit him: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.) And hence the phrase in a trad., عَنْهُ بُرَحَاآءُ الوَحْىِ ↓ فَلَمَّا سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) [ And when the vehement distress of mind arising from the oppression caused by inspiration was made to quit him ]; referring to the Prophet. (Mgh.) -A4- سَرَتْ, (K,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, (TA,) said of the female locust, She laid eggs: (K:) a dial. var. of سَرَأَتْ. (TA.)

2 اليَوْمَ تَسَرَّوْنَ ذ , said by the Prophet on the occasion of the expedition of Ohod, means Today ye shall have your سَرِىّ [or that person, among you, who is distinguished by liberality and manliness, &c.,] slain: and [accordingly] Hamzeh was then slain. (TA.) -A2- See also 1, in six places.

3 ساراهُ ذ , inf. n. مُسَارَاةٌ, i. q. فَاخَرَهُ [i. e. He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in glory, or rather in liberality and manliness, &c.: see 1, first sentence]. (TA.)

4 اسرى ذ He became in, or upon, land, or ground, such as is termed سَرَاة: belonging to the present art., accord. to Er-Rághib: (TA:) or he betook himself to the سَرَاة [app. meaning the mountainous tract so called ]: (K and TA in art. سرى:) it is like أَنْجَدَ and أَتْهَمَ. (TA in that art.) -A2- See also 1, in two places.

5 تسرّى ذ signifies تَكَلَّفَ السَّرْوَ, (S, K, * TA,) i. e. [ He affected, or constrained himself, to possess liberality and manliness, &c., (see 1, first sentence,) or] high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory, and manliness, or manly virtue: (TA:) or it signifies أَخَذَ سُرِّيَّةً [ he took a concubine-slave ]: (K:) or -A2- one says also, تسرّى الجَارِيَةَ [ He took the girl, or young woman, as a concubine-slave ], from السُّرِّيَّةُ; said by Yaakoob to be originally تَسَرَّرَ, [which see in art. سر,] from السُّرُورُ. (S.) ― -b2- And تسرّاهُ signifies ↓ أَخَذَ أَسْرَاهُ [i. e. He took the best thereof ]. (M, TA. [See also 8.])

7 اـِنْسَرَوَ see 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.

8 استرى ذ He chose, or selected, as being the best, (S, M, K,) a thing, (M,) or men, (S, K,) and camels, and sheep or goats. (S.) And اِسْتَرَيْتُهُ I took the best of it. (T, TA. [See also 5, last sentence.]) And اِسْتَارَ signifies the same as استرى, being formed from the latter by transposition. (TA.) One says, استرى المَوْتُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (S,) or الحَىَّ, (K,) i. e. Death chose [or took ] the best of the sons of such a one, or of the tribe. (S, * K, * TA.)

سَرْوٌ ذ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, M, K, &c.) [Used as a simple subst., Liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue; &c.] ― -b2- Hence, أَبُو السَّرْوِ (assumed tropical:) Aloes-wood, or the like, that is used for fumigation; syn. البَخُورُ. (Har p. 228.) -A2- Also A part that rises from [ the bottom of ] a valley, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M, K:) or that rises from the channel in which the water flows, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M:) it is like a خَيْف. (S.) السَّرْوُ, (S, K,) or سَرْوُ حِمْيَرَ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean مَحَلَّةُ حِمْيَرَ [ The settlement of Himyer ]. (S, M, K.) -A3- And A certain kind of tree, (S, M, K,) well-known; (K;) [the common, or evergreen, cypress; cupressus sempervirens of Linn.: applied thereto in the present day: (Delile's Floræ Aegypt. Illustr., no. 900:)] n. un. with ة. (S, M, K.) -A4- And Certain worms that light upon plants, (M, K, TA,) and eat them: (M:) الثِّيَاب, in [some of] the copies of the K, is a mistranscription for النَّبَات: (TA:) sing. [or rather n. un.] with ة. (M.)

سَرَاةٌ ذ The back (S, M, K) of anything: (S:) pl. سَرَوَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) it has no broken pl. (M.) And The higher, or highest, part of anything: (M in the present art., and K in art. سرى:) so [for instance] of a mountain. (TA in art. سرى.) [Hence,] سَرَاةُ اليَمَنِ, (M,) or السَّرَاةُ [by way of preeminence, for سَرَاة is prefixed to the names of a number of places and of tribes, as is said in the TA in art. سرى], A certain mountain [or mountainous tract ] commencing near 'Arafát and extending to Nejrán of El-Yemen: (Msb:) pl. as above. (M.) ― -b2- The highest [or most advanced state ] of the day: (TA:) [or] the state of advancement, when the sun has become somewhat high, (syn. اِرْتِفَاع,) of the day, (M, K, TA,) and so of other things; by some said to mean the middle thereof; (M;) so in the S, in relation to the day; but this is [said to be] a mistake: (TA:) in a verse of El-Bureyk El-Hudhalee, of the night: pl. as above: and the sing. also occurs used as a pl. (M.) ― -b3- The middle of anything: pl. as above. (S.) The middle and main part of a road; (Mgh, Msb;) the hard and elevated part thereof. (K.) It is said in a trad., لَيْسَ لِلْنِّسَاآءِ سَرَوَاتُ الطَّرِيقِ (S, Mgh) The back and middle of the road, (S,) or the middle and main parts thereof, (Mgh,) are not for the women; meaning that they should walk upon the side parts. (S.) ― -b4- Accord. to Er-Rághib, A wide tract of land. (TA in art. سرى.) -A2- It is also a pl., of a rare form, (S, Msb,) or a quasi-pl. n., (M, K,) of سَرِىٌّ [which see in several places]. (S, M, Msb, K.)

سَرْوَةٌ ذ n. un. of سَرْوٌ [q. v.] in two senses. -A2- See also سِرْوَةٌ.

سُرْوَةٌ ذ : see what next follows.