Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

كَبَّةٌ ذ and ↓ كُبَّةٌ A charge, an assault, or an onslaught, in war. (K) [And] كَبَّةٌ (S, K) and ↓ كُبَّةٌ (K) A single impetus [in some copies of the S, دَفْعَة; in others, and in my copies of the K, دُفْعَة: I prefer the former reading:] in fighting and in running [in the CK, والجَرْىُ, which is doubtless a mistake]: (S, K:) and vehemence thereof. (TA.) ― -b2- كَبَّةٌ and ↓ كُبَّةٌ A collision between two troops of horses: in the K, بِيْنَ الجَبَلَيْنِ; but correctly, بَيْنَ الخَيْلَيْنِ, as in other lexicons. (TA.) ― -b3- كَبَّةٌ (S, K) and ↓ كُبَّةٌ (K) A letting loose, or setting free, horses, (S, K,) upon the race-course, or field, to run, or to charge. (S.) [This is evidently meant in the S as an explanation of the words rendered here “ a single impetus ” &c.] ― -b4- كَبَّةٌ (S, K) and ↓ كُبَّةٌ (K) The vehemence and assault [in some copies of the S, دَفْعَة: in others, and in my copies of the K, دُفْعَة: I prefer the former reading:] of winter. (S, K) ― -b5- كَبَّةُ النَّارِ A dash, or dashing of the fire [of hell]. (TA.) -A2- كَبَّةٌ and ↓ كُبَّةٌ and ↓ كَبْكَبَةٌ and ↓ كِبْكِبَةٌ and ↓ كِبْكِبٌ or (accord. to the TA) ↓ كَبْكَبٌ, A throwing into a deep place, or hollow. (K.) See كَبْكَبَ. -A3- See also كُبَّةٌ.

كُبَّةٌ ذ : see كَبَّةٌ passim. -A2- الكبّ [a mistranscription for الكُبَّةُ, as is shown by the next sentence,] What is collected together, of dust, or earth, and of other things. (TA [See also سَفَاةٌ, voce سَفًا.] ― -b2- Hence, (TA,) كُبَّةٌ (tropical:) A جَرَوْهَق (which is not an Arabic word, TA, [but arabicized, from the Persian كُرُوهَهْ guróhah, signifying a ball ] of spun thread: (S, K:) or such as is collected together, [or convolved, so as to form a ball, ] of spun thread: (TA: [see 5:]) pl. كُبَبٌ. (S, K.) [And it is likewise of hair: see فَلِيلٌ.] ― -b3- [Hence,] كُبَّةٌ (S, K) and ↓ كُبْكُبَةٌ (S) or ↓ كَبْكَبَةٌ (K) (tropical:) A company, congregated body, or troop, (K,) of horses, (S,) or of men. (TA.) كبكبةٌ مِنْ بَنِى اـِسْرَائِيلَ A company of the Children of Israel. (TA, from a trad.) كُبَّةُ السُّوقِ The company of the market: said in a trad. to be the company of Satan. (TA.) رَمَاهُمْ بِكُبَّتِهِ [ He threw upon them ] his troop, or company. (TA.) See also below. ― -b4- A herd of great camels. (K.) اـِنَّكَ لَكَا@لبَائِعٍ الكُبَّةَ بِالهُبَّةِ Verily thou art like the seller of a herd of great camels for wind. A proverb, thus related by AZ: but, as related by some, الكبة بالهبة, without teshdeed: see arts. كبو and هبو. (TA.) ― -b5- كُبَّةُ الخَيْلِ The greater number, or main part, of the troop of horses. (Th.) ― -b6- I. q. عِيَالٌ: so in the phrase عَلَيْهِ كبّةٌ [ He has a family, or household, dependant upon him ]. (TA.) ― -b7- كُبَّةٌ (K) and ↓ كَبَّةٌ (S, K) (tropical:) A pressing, or crowding, together. (S, K.) -A3- كُبَّةٌ Weight. (K.) So in the saying رَمَاهُمْ بِكُبَّتِهِ [ He threw upon them his weight ]. (TA.) (But see above.) And أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ كُبَّتَهُ He threw his weight upon him. (TA.)

كَبَابٌ ذ i. q. طَبَاهَجٌ; (S;) i. e., (TA,) (tropical:) Flesh-meat cut up [ into small pieces ] (K) and roasted, or broiled; or thrown upon burning coals: (TA:) [ small morsels of meat, generally mutton or lamb, roasted on skewers ]. Asserted by El-Khafájee to be Persian; and thought to be so by Yaakoob. (TA.)

كُبَابٌ ذ A large number of camels or of sheep or goats. (K.) Also used as an epithet: ex. نَعَمٌ كُبَابٌ Camels, or camels and sheep or goats, so numerous that one mounts upon another. (TA.) نَعَمٌ كُبَاكِبٌ Many camels, or camels and sheep or goats. (TA.) See also كُثَابٌ -A2- Dust; earth. (K.) ― -b2- Adhesive mud; or clay. (K.) ― -b3- Moist earth. (K.) ― -b4- An abundance of moist, or soft, earth, that cleaves together. (TA.) ― -b5- Sand that is contracted ( by reason of its moisture, TA,) into a compact mass: (S:) sand that has become moist, and, in consequence, compact. (TA.)

كَبَابَةٌ ذ A certain medicine (S, K) of China: (K:) [ cubeb, or piper cubebae. ]

كِبْكِبٌ ذ and كَبْكَبٌ, see كَبَّةٌ -A2- A certain game (K) of the Arabs. (TA.)

كُبْكُبٌ ذ and كُبَاكِبُ A man (TA) of compact ( and strong, TA,) make: pl. كَبَاكِبُ. (K.)

كَبْكَبَةٌ ذ and كِبْكِبَةٌ, see كُبَّةٌ.

كُبْكُبَةٌ ذ see كُبْكُوبٌ.

كَبْكَابٌ ذ An excellent kind of thick dates. (K.)

كُبْكُوبٌ ذ and كُبْكُوبَةٌ and ↓ كُبْكُبَةٌ A closely congregated body of men. (K.)

كَبْكَابَةٌ ذ A fat woman. (K.)

رَجُلٌ أَكَبُّ ذ A man who is constantly stumbling. (TA.)

مِكَبٌّ ذ and ↓ مِكْبَابٌ One who looks much towards the ground. (K.)

مُكَبَّبَةٌ ذ A dust-coloured wheat, with thick ears, (K,) like small birds, and a thick straw, the eaters of which [namely the straw, a common fodder in Arabia,] do not become brisk, or sprightly. (TA.)

مِكْبَابٌ ذ see مِكَبٌّ.

1 كَبَتَهُ ذ , aor. كَبِتَ , (inf. n. كَبْتٌ, TA,) He threw him down prostrate; (K;) as also كَبَتَهُ لِوَجْهِهِ: (S:) he threw him, or it, down upon his, or its face; like كَبَّهُ: this is the primary signification. (TA.) ― -b2- كَبَتَهُ اللّٰهُ لِوَجْهِهِ May God prostrate him, so that he may not succeed in his enterprise, or may not gain the victory! (TA.) ― -b3- كَبَتَ الكَافِرَ He (God) prostrated the unbeliever, and denied him what he desired, or disappointed him, or caused him to fail of attaining his desire. (TA, from a trad.) ― -b4- كَبَتَهُ He repelled him (i. e. an enemy) in his rage, or wrath. (K.) ― -b5- I. q. كَسَرَهُ [here app. signifying He routed him; or put him to flight. ] (K.) ― -b6- كَبَتَهُ, (inf. n. كَبْتٌ, S,) He turned away, or averted, him: (S, K:) and abased him; debased him; rendered him vile, despicable, or ignominious. (S, K.) Syn. أَذَلَّهُ and أَخْزَاهُ (K) Ex. كَبَتَ اللّٰهُ العَدُوَّ God averted and abased the enemy. (S.) ― -b7- كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ, in the Kur, [lviii, 6,] signifies, They [who oppose God and his Apostle] have been abased, and punished, by their being overcome, like as those who were before them, of such as opposed God, were abased, &c.: (Zj:) or they have been enraged, and grieved, on the occasion of the war of the Moat, like as those who were before them, who fought with the prophets, were enraged and grieved: (Fr:) in favour of which latter interpretation it has been argued, that الكبت is formed from الكبد, the liver, by the substitution of ت for د, and that the liver is the source of rage and malevolence. (Az.) -A2- كَبَتَهُ i. q. كَبَدَهُ, He smote, or hurt, his liver. (TA.) ― -b2- كَبَتَ غَيْظَهُ فِى جَوْفِهِ (tropical:) He restrained his rage in his inside [or bosom ]. You say, مَنْ كَبَتَ غَيْظَهُ فِى جَوْفِهِ كَبَتَ اللّٰهُ عَدُوَّهُ مِنْ خَوْفِهِ [ Whoso restraineth his rage in his bosom, God will avert and abase his enemy, through fear of him ]. (A.)

7 انكبت ذ He was thrown down, or fell down, prostrate; or, upon his face. (TA.)

كبت ذ [app. كَبْتٌ or كِبْتٌ or كَبِتٌ] i. q. كَبِدٌ The liver. Ex. بَرُدَ كبتُهُ [ His liver became cool: i. e., his rage became assuaged ]. ('Ináyeh.)

كَبْتٌ ذ Rage or wrath; and grief, or sorrow. ('Ináyeh.)

مَكْبُوتٌ ذ pass. part. n. of 1, q. v. ― -b2- Also, Affected with violent grief, or sorrow: originally مَكْبُودٌ: i. e., having his liver affected by grief, or sorrow. (TA, from a trad.)

مُكْتَبِتٌ ذ Filled with grief, or sorrow; (K;) or with rage, or wrath. (TA.)

1 كَبِثَ ذ , aor. كَبَثَ , It (flesh meat) became altered and stinking. (S, K,) ― -b2- كَبَثَ, (aor. كَبُثَ , inf. n. كَبْثٌ, TK,) He covered over (غَمّ) flesh-meat, (K,) so that it became altered and stinking. (TK.)

2 كبّث السَّفِينَةَ ذ , inf. n. تَكْبِيثٌ, He inclined the ship towards the shore, and transferred what was in it to another ship. (K.)

كَبَاثٌ ذ [coll. gen. n.] What is ripe of the fruit of the أَرَاك; (IAar, S, K;) what is unripe thereof being called بَرِير: (S:) or what has become black thereof: (TA in art. برم: [see also مَرْدٌ:]) or what is unripe thereof: (M:) or, as some say, the fruit of that tree when scattered: n. un. with ة: (TA:) the كباث are, in quantity (مِقْدَار), a little above the grains of the coriander, and fill both the hands of a man; being more than a camel takes at once into his mouth. (AHn.)

لَحْمٌ كَبِيثٌ ذ , and ↓ مَكْبُوثٌ, Flesh-meat that has been covered, (K,) [and] become [ in consequence ] altered and stinking. (TK.) AA explains كَبِيثٌ by the words لَحْمٌ قَدْ غُمَّ. (TA.)

كُنْبُثٌ ذ and كُنْبُوثٌ and كُنَابِثٌ Hard and strong. (K.) ― -b2- Also, all the three words, Contracted [ in disposition ], and niggardly, or stingy. (K.) Accord. to some, the ن is a radical letter. (TA.) [See also art. كنبث.]

مَكْبُوثٌ ذ : see كَبِيثٌ.

1 كَبَحَ الدَّابَّةَ ذ , (aor. كَبَحَ , inf. n. كَبْحٌ, L,) He pulled in the horse, or the like, by the bridle and bit, ( and struck its mouth with the bit, L,) in order that it might stop, (S, L, K,) and not run; (S, L;) as also ↓ أَكْبَحَهَا; (Yaakoob, K;) or you say اكمحها and اكفحها and كبحها [only]; the last alone without ا: (As, S:) or he (the rider) pulled its head towards him, and prevented its being refractory, and its overcoming him, and going quickly: so in the Nh, the explanation in which is incorrectly given by Mullà 'Alee Káree: (TA:) or ↓ اكبحه signifies he pulled up his head by the bridle, so as to make it upright, or erect; (Msb;) and so كَبَحَهُ. (A.) ― -b2- كَبَحَ فُلَانًا عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) He turned such a one back from, or made him to revert from, or relinquish, the thing that he wanted. (L, K.) ― -b3- كَبَحَ الحَائِطُ السَّهْمَ (tropical:) The wall made the arrow, striking it, to turn from its course, without its sticking in it. (L.) ― -b4- كَبَحَهُ He struck him with a sword, (K,) upon his flesh, not upon a bone. (Msb.)

3 كابحهُ ذ : see قابحه.

4 أَكْبَحَ see 1, in two places.

كَابِحٌ ذ That which presents itself before thee, (K,) or he who presents himself before thee, (T, L,) of such objects as are of evil omen, (T, L, K,) as a he-goat &c.; (L;) because it turns him back from his course: (TA:) pl. كَوَابِحُ. (L, K.)

1 كَبَدَهُ ذ , (aor. كَبِدَ , AZ, L, K, and كَبُدَ , L, K, inf. n. كَبْدٌ, L,) He, or it, hit, or smote, or hurt, his كَبِد [or liver]: (AZ, S, IKtt, L:) or struck it. (L, K.) ― -b2- كَبَدَهُمُ البَرْدُ, (aor. كَبِدَ and كَبُدَ , K,) (assumed tropical:) The cold affected them severely; distressed them; straitened them: (L, K:) or, smote their livers; which only the most intense cold does. (L, from a trad.) ― -b3- كَبِدَ, aor. كَبَدَ , (L, K,) inf. n. كَبَدٌ, (L,) He had a pain in his liver: (L, K) and (A, L:) or كُبِدَ, (K,) inf. n. كُبَادٌ, (TA,) he had a complaint of his liver. (L, K.) -A2- كَبِدَ, aor. كَبَدَ , (L,) inf. n. كَبَدٌ, (S, L, K,) He was big in the belly, (L, K,) in its upper part: (L:) he (a man) was bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace. (S, L.) ― -b2- It (anything) was big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.) -A3- See 5.

2 كَبَّدَ See 5.

3 كابد الأَمْرَ ذ , (inf. n. مُكَابَدَةٌ and كِبَادٌ, L, K,) (tropical:) He endured the thing; struggled, or contended, with, or against, it; struggled or contended with, or against, its difficulty, or severity; syn. قَاسَاهُ, (L, K,) or قَاسَى شِدَّتهُ; (S;) he endured, or struggled, or contended, with or against, its difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience; syn. عَانَى مَشَقَّتَهُ: (L:) he underwent difficulties, troubles, or inconveniences, in doing it. (Msb.) ― -b2- كابد اللَّيْلَ (tropical:) He (a man) braved (رَكِبَ) the terribleness and difficulty of the night. And كَابَدْتُ ظُلْمَةَ هٰذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ مُكَابَدَةً شَدِيدَةً I braved the darkness of this night with a mighty braving. (Lth, L.) ― -b3- بَعْضُهُمْ يُكَابِدُ بَعْضًا (tropical:) [ One party of them struggles, contends, or strives, against the opposition of the other ]: said of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like. (A.)

5 تكبّدهُ ذ (tropical:) He tended, or betook himself, or directed himself or his course, to, or towards, it, namely, an affair, (L, K,) and a town or country; syn. قَصَدَهُ; (L, K;) as also ↓ كَبَدَهُ, aor. كَبِدَ and كَبُدَ . (K, TA.) -A2- تكبّد (tropical:) It (milk) became thick; (S, A, L, K;) as also any other beverage; (L;) and (the former) became thick like liver, so as to quiver. (L.) -A3- تكبّدت الشَّمْسُ, (S, A,) or تكبّدت الشمسُ السَّمَاآءَ, (L, K,) (tropical:) The sun became in the كَبِد, (S, L,) or كُبَيْدَاآء, (K,) of the sky; (S, L, K;) became in the middle of the sky; culminated; (A;) as also ↓ كبّدت, inf. n. تَكْبِيدٌ: (K:) and النَّجْمُ السَّمَاآءَ ↓ كبّد the star, or asterism, [or the Pleiades, ] culminated. (S, L.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce خَشَفَ.] ― -b2- تكّبد الفَلَاةَ (tropical:) He directed his course to, or towards, the middle and main part of the desert. (L.)

كَبْدٌ ذ and كِبْدٌ: see كَبِدٌ.

كَبَدٌ ذ (tropical:) Difficulty; distress; affliction; trouble. (S, A, L, Msb, K.) Ex. وَقَعَ فِى كَبَدٍ He fell into difficulty, &c. (A.) So in the words of the Kur, [xc, 4,] لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا ا@لْاـِنْسَانَ فِى كَبَدٍ Verily we have created man in difficulty, &c., (S, L, Jel,) in a state in which he has to contend with the afflictions of the present life and the difficulties pertaining to the life to come: (Zj, * Jel:) or فى كبد here signifies, in a right and just state: (Aboo-Tálib, L:) or in an erect state, and in just proportion: (Fr; L:) or in an erect state, and walking upon his two legs; whereas other animals are not erect: or in the belly of his mother, with his head towards her head; in which state the child remains until near the birth, when it becomes inverted. (L.) ― -b2- And see كَابِدٌ and كَبِدٌ.

كَبِدٌ ذ , (S, L, Msb, K, &c.,) the most chaste and best known form of the word, (TA,) and ↓ كِبْدٌ, (S, L, Msb, K,) a contraction of the former, (Msb,) and ↓ كَبْدٌ, (S, L, K,) also a contraction of the first, (S,) [The liver; ] a certain black piece of flesh on the right of the lungs: (L:) fem., and sometimes masc.; (Fr, L, Msb, K;) or fem. only: (Lh, ISd, L, Msb:) pl. أَكْبَادٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and كُبُودٌ; (L, Msb, K;) the latter seldom used. (Msb) ― -b2- Also, [the first,] (tropical:) The place of the liver, outside: (L;) the side. (K) It is said in a trad., فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى كَبِدِى, meaning, And he put his hand upon my side externally; or, upon the external part of my side, next the liver. (L.) ― -b3- (assumed tropical:) The inside of an animal, altogether. (Kr, ISd, K.) Sometimes used in this sense. (Kr, ISd.) ― -b4- (tropical:) The inside, meaning a cave, or ravine, of a mountain. (L.) ― -b5- كَبِدُ الأَرْضِ (tropical:) The interior of the earth: (Msb:) or the minerals (مَعَادِن) of the earth: (A:) or the gold and silver and the like that are in the mines of the earth: (L:) pl. أَكْبَادٌ (A, L) and كُبُودٌ. (L.) It is said in a trad. وَتَلْقِى الأَرْضُ أَفْلَاذَ كَبِدِهَا (tropical:) And the earth shall cast forth what is hidden in her belly, of treasures and minerals. (L.) ― -b6- (tropical:) The middle of anything, (A, L, Msb, K, *) and its main part. (L, K.) ― -b7- (tropical:) The middle of the sea. (L.) ― -b8- (tropical:) The middle of a butt for archers. (A, L.) ― -b9- دَارُهُ كَبِدَ نَجْدٍ (tropical:) His house is in the middle of Nejd. (A.) ― -b10- كَبِدٌ; (L;) in the K, ↓ كَبَدٌ; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) The middle of a tract of sand, (L, K,) and its main part. (L.) ― -b11- كَبِدٌ; (S, A, L, Msb;) in the K, ↓ كَبَدٌ; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) and ↓ كَبْدٌ, and ↓ كَبْدَاآءُ, (K,) and ↓ كُبَيْدَاتٌ, (S, A, L,) as though they had formed the dim. كُبَيْدَةٌ from كَبِدٌ, and then formed the pl.; (S, L;) in the K, كُبَيْدَاةٌ; but this is wrong; (TA;) and ↓ كُبَيْدَاآءُ, (L, Msb, K,) dim. of كَبِدٌ, contr. to rule, like سُوَيْدَاآءُ; (Msb;) [or dim. of كَبْدَاآءُ;] (tropical:) The middle of the sky, (S, A, L, K,) and its main part: (L;) or [the meridian of the sky;] the middle of the sky, wherein is the sun at the time of its declining from the meridian: (L:) or the part of the middle of the sky which faces the spectator. (Lth, L, Msb.) ― -b12- كَبِدٌ (Lh, L; in the K, كَبَدٌ;) (assumed tropical:) The air; (Lh, L, K;) as also ↓ كَبْدَاآءُ. (L.) ― -b13- كَبِدٌ (tropical:) of a bow, The handle: (S, A, Msb:) or the part a little above the handle, (Az, L, Msb,) against which the arrow goes: (Az, L:) or the part between the two extremities of the handle, and that along which the arrow runs: (S, L:) or the part [ midway ] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or cord or the like: (As, L, K:) [see رِجْلٌ:] or the space of a cubit from its handle: (L, K:) or each part where the thong of its suspensory string or the like is tied: (L:) in the bow is its كَبِد, which is the part [midway] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or the like; then, next to this, the كُلْيَة; then, next to this, the أَبْهَر; then, next to this, the طَائِف; then, the سِئَة, which is the curved part of each extremity. (As, L.) ― -b14- فُلَانٌ تُضْرَبٌ اـِلَيْه أَكْبَادُ الاـِبِلِ Such a one is a person to whom men journey seeking knowledge &c. (S, L, K.) [See an ex. in the first paragraph of art. ضرب.] ― -b15- سُودٌ الأَكْبَادِ [ Black-livered men;] a designation of enemies, (As, S, L, K,) similar to صُهْبُ السِّبَالِ [q. v.]: (As, S, L:) they are so called because the effects of rancour, or malevolence, have [as it were] burnt their livers so that they have become black; the liver being the source of enmity. (L.)

كبْدَاءُ ذ : see كَبِدٌ, and أَكْبَدُ.

كُبَادٌ ذ Pain of the liver: (S, L, K:) or a disease, or complaint, of the liver. (L.) The only known word, signifying a disease, derived from the name of the member affected, except نُكَافٌ and قُلَابٌ. (Kr.) It is said in a trad. الكُبَادُ مِنَ العَبِّ, (S, L,) i. e., The pain, or disease, of the liver is from drinking water without sipping. (L.)

كُبَيْدَاءُ ذ and كُبَيْدَاتٌ: see كَبِدٌ.

كَبَّادٌ ذ A certain species of the لَيْمُون; [ citrus limon sponginus Ferrari: (Delile, Flor. Aeg. Illustr., no. 748:) a coll. gen. n.: n. un. with ة]. (TA.)

كَابِدٌ ذ (tropical:) a subst. from كَابَدَ, (ISd, L, K,) [in the sense of مُكَابَدَةٌ: see 3:] as also ↓ كَبَدٌ. (MF.) Ex. of the former, وَلَيْلَةٍ مِنَ اللَّيَالِى مَرَّتْ بِكَابِدٍ كَابَدْتُهَا وَجَرَّتْ [ Many a night of nights has passed with a struggling against its severity: I have struggled against its severity; and it was long ]. Said by El-'Ajjáj. جرّت signifies طالت. (L.) ― -b2- You also say, of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like, مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ ↓ اـِنَّهُمْ فِى كَبَدٍ (tropical:) [ Verily they are in a state of struggling, contention, or strife, against mutual opposition with respect to their affair ]. (A.)

أَكْبَدُ ذ Anything big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.) ― -b2- كَبْدَاآءُ A she-camel large in the middle: (L:) and in like manner, a tract of sand, رَمْلَةٌ. (L, K.) ― -b3- أَكْبَدُ Big in the upper part of the belly: (L:) a man bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace: fem. كَبْدَاآءُ. (S, L, K. *) ― -b4- Having the place of his liver rising, or prominent. (K.) ― -b5- قَوْسٌ كَبْدَاآءُ (tropical:) A bow of which the handle fills the hand: (S, A, L, K:) or, of which the part called the كَبِد is thick and strong. (L.) ― -b6- كَبْدَاآءُ (assumed tropical:) A mill that is turned with the hand: (L, K:) so called because of the difficulty, or trouble, with which it is turned. (L.) -A2- See مَكْبُودٌ. -A3- أَكْبَدُ A certain bird. (K.)

مَكْبُودٌ ذ Hit, or hurt, in his liver. (S.) See مَكْبُوتٌ ― -b2- Having a complaint of his liver: (TA:) and ↓ أَكْبَدُ signifies the same: (A, L:) or this latter, having a pain in his liver. (L.)

1 كَبُرَ ذ , aor. كَبُرَ , (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. كُبْرٌ (A, Msb, K) and كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ, (A, K,) He, (TA,) or it, (Msb,) was, or became, great, [ big, or large in body, or corporeal substance: and in years, or age; (when said of a human being, often particularly signifying he attained to puberty; ) and in estimation or rank or dignity; ] contr. of ضَغُرَ; (A, K;) syn. عَظُمَ, (S, Msb, K,) and جَسُمَ. (K.) [In the K the pret. is twice mentioned: where it is explained as signifying the contr. of صَغُرَ, the above inf. ns. are mentioned, as in the A: where it is explained by عَظُمَ and جَسُمَ in the K, no inf. n. is mentioned; but in the TA it is there said that in the sense of عَظُمَ it relates to an affair or case, and that the inf. n. is كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ; and that in the sense of جَسُمَ it relates to anything.] ― -b2- كَبُرَ الأَمْرُ [ The affair, or case, was, or became, of great moment; it was, or became, momentous: or it signifies as in the phrase next following]. (A.) ― -b3- كَبُرَ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The affair, or case, was, or became, difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome, to him or in its effect upon him; syn. شَقَّ. (A, * TA.) In this sense the verb is used in the Kur, x, 72, (TA,) and xlii, 11. (Bd, ii. 42.) And so in the Kur again, xvii, 53, أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِى صدُورِكُمْ, (TA,) meaning, أَوْخَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ عِنْدَكُمْ عَنْ قُبُولِ الحَيَاةِ [ Or a created thing of those which are too difficult in your minds to receive life ], as being the thing most remote from capability to receive life. (Bd.) [This signification is from the primary application of the verb.] -A2- كَبِرَ, aor. كَبَرَ , inf. n. كِبَرٌ and مَكْبِرٌ, He (a man, S, a human being, and a beast, TA, and a child, Msb,) became full-grown, or old, or advanced in age. (S, K.) Hence the prov., كَبِرَ عَمْرُو عَنِ الطَّوْقِ: see art. طوق.] ― -b2- [In modern Arabic, and, I believe, sometimes, in classic authors, it also signifies He became big; (said of a boy, or child, in the TA in art. رع, &c.;) i. e. attained to full growth: and to adolescence: and to puberty: see كَبِيرٌ.] This form of the verb and that first mentioned are sometimes erroneously used, each for the other, by persons of distinction as well as by the vulgar. (TA.) ― -b3- See كَبْرَةٌ, below. -A3- كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ, aor. of the latter, كَبُرَ : see 3. ― -b2- كَبَرَهُ بِسَنَةٍ, aor. كَبُرَ , He exceeded me in age by a year. (K.) And مَا كَبَرَنِى اـِلَّا بِسَنَةٍ He did not exceed me in age save by a year. (IAar.)

2 كبّر ذ , inf. n. تكَبِيرٌ, He made a thing great. (K.) ― -b2- He magnified, or honoured; syn. عَظَّمَ. (S) ― -b3- Also, inf. n. as above, and كِبَّارٌ, (Sgh, K,) which latter is of the dial. of Belhárith Ibn-Kaab and many of the people of El-Yemen, (Sgh,) He said اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر. (K.) See أَكْبَرُ, below.

3 كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ ذ , aor. of the latter كَبُرَ , [ I contended, or disputed, with him for superiority in greatness, and I overcame him therein. ] (A.) You say كَابَرَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا Such a one disputed with such a one for superiority in greatness, and said I am greater than thou. (A.) ― -b2- كابرهُ, inf. n. مُكَابَرَةٌ, He vied with him; or contended with him for superiority; syn. غَالَبَهُ: and he contended against him; or he contended against him, or disputed with him, not knowing the truth or falsity of what he or his adversary said; syn. عَانَدَهُ: (Msb:) or he contended or disputed with him, knowing that what he himself said was false, and that what his adversary said was true. (Kull, p. 342.) ― -b3- It is said in a trad., لَاتُكَابِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ, meaning, لَا تُغَالِبُوهَا [app., Contend not ye against prayer. ] (TA.) ― -b4- كُوبِرَ فَأَبَى [ It was contended with, and refused, or would not ]: said of what he would utter by a man who had an impediment in his speech. (A.) ― -b5- كَابَرَهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ He denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right, or due, and contended with him for it; expl. by جَاحَدَهُ وَغَالَبَهُ. (A, TA. [See 1 in art. جحد.]) ― -b6- كُوبِرَ عَلَى مَالِهِ He had his property taken from him by force. (A, TA.)

4 اكبرهُ ذ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. اـِكْبَارٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ استكبرهُ; (K;) He deemed it great [or formidable; see an ex., voce فَظِعَ;] it was great in his estimation; (IJ, K;) syn. اـِسْتَعْظَمَهُ. (S, Msb.) ― -b2- اكبرت She brought forth a great child, or young one. (IKtt.) ― -b3- أَصْغَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ وَأَكْبَرَتْ: see art. صغر.