Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

جَيْشٌ ذ An army; a military force: (A, K:) or a body of men in war: (TA:) or men going to war or for some other purpose: (T, K, TA:) pl. جُيُوشٌ. (S, A Msb, K.)

جَيْشَةٌ ذ A single rising, or heaving, or the like: pl. جَيْشَاتٌ: hence the phrase جَيْشَاتُ الأَبَاطِيلِ [app. meaning The risings of false or vain things in the mind, or the like]. (TA.)

مِرْجَلٌ جَيَّاشٌ ذ [ A cooking-pot boiling, or boiling much ]. (A.) ― -b2- فَرَسٌ جِيَّاشٌ (assumed tropical:) A horse that rears and is excited when thou puttest him in motion with thy heel. (K * TA.)

الجَائِشَةُ ذ The soul; syn. النَّفْسُ; (K;) [as also الجَأْشُ, sometimes written ↓ الجَاشُ, without ء;] mentioned by some in art. جأش. (TA.) Quasi

جَيَاعَى جوعان جياعى جياعي and جُيَّعٌ: see جَائِعٌ, in art. جوع.

1 جَافَتِ الجِيفَةُ جافت الجيفه جافت الجيفة , aor. تَجِيفُ; (K;) and ↓ جيّفت, (S, * K,) inf. n. تَجْيِيفٌ; (S;) and ↓ اجتافت, (K,) [and ↓ تجيّفت, Golius, as from the K, but not found by me in any copy thereof,] and ↓ انجافت; (TA;) The dead body stank, or became stinking. (S, * K, TA.)

2 جيّف جيف جيفة He became a stinking dead body. (Mgh, KL.) ― -b2- See also 1.

5 تَجَيَّفَ see 1.

7 اـِنْجَيَفَ see 1.

8 اـِجْتَيَفَ see 1.

جِيفَةٌ جيفه جيفة [ A carcass, or corpse, i. e.] a dead body [of a beast or a man], that has become stinking; (S, Mgh, K;) or, as some say, in a general sense; [ whether stinking or not: ] (TA:) or, of beasts and cattle, an animal that has died a natural death, or been killed otherwise than in the manner prescribed by the law, and has become stinking: (Msb:) [and the corpse of a man: (see جَيَّافٌ:)] pl. [of mult.] جِيَفٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and [of pauc.] أَجْيَافٌ. (S K.) [Hence,] جِيفَةُ لَيْلٍ قُطْرُبُ نَهَارٍ One who sleeps all the night, and labours all the day. (TA from a trad. [See also art. قطرب.]) IDrd mentions this word in art. جوف, holding the ى to be originally و. (TA.)

جَيَّافٌ جياف A rifler, or ransacker, of graves; (K, TA;) because he removes the [grave-] clothes from the corpses, and takes them; or, as some say, because of the stinking nature of his act. (TA.)

جِيلٌ جيل A nation, people, race, tribe, or family of mankind; (S, Msb, K;) such as the Turks, and the Greeks, (S. TA,) and the Chinese: (TA:) pl. أَجْيَالٌ (M, Msb, TA) and جِيلَانٌ. (M, TA.) ― -b2- And A generation of men. (TA.) -A2- See also جُولٌ.

جَيَلُ جيل : see جَيْأَلُ, in art. جأل.

جَيْلَانُ الحَصَى جيلان الحصى جيلان الحصي Small pebbles which the wind makes to turn about or round about, to circle, or to revolve: (S, K:) but this belongs to art. جول. (TA.) -A2- يَوْمٌ جَيْلَانُ: see أَجْوَلُ, in art. جول.

يَوْمٌ جَيْلَانِىٌّ يوم جيلانى يوم جيلاني : see أَجْوَلُ, in art. جول.

2 جيّم جِيمًا جيم جيما He wrote a ج. (K.)

جِيمٌ جيم The letter ج: masc. and fem.: (T, K, * TA:) pl. أَجْيَامٌ and جِيمَاتٌ. (TA.) Quasi

جِيهٌ جيه جية : see جُوهٌ, in art. جوه.

R. Q. 1 كَأْكَأَ ذ , (K,) inf. n. كَأْكَأَةٌ; (TA;) and ↓ تَكَأْكَأَ, (S, K,) as also تكعكع; (S;) He drew back, or retired, and was cowardly. (S, K.) ― -b2- كَأْكَأَ, inf. n. كَأْكَاآءٌ, [respecting the form of which see ظَأْظَأَ,] He was very impatiently cowardly. (AA, K.) [In the CK., in the explanation of the inf. n., الجَبِينُ is put for الجُبْنُ.] ― -b3- Also, inf. n. as above, He (a thief) ran away. (K, TA.) -A2- See R. Q. 2.

R. Q. 2 تَكَأْكَأَ ذ He was prevented, or hindered. (Lth.) ― -b2- تَكَأْكَأَ فِى كَلَامِهِ He hesitated in his speech, and was unable to speak. (K.) -A2- تَكَأْكَأَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ, (S, K, *) and ↓ كَأْكَأَ, (K,) The people collected around him; (S, K;) crowded, or pressed, upon him. (TA.) -A3- And see R. Q. 1.

مُتَكَأْكِئٌ ذ Short. (S, K.)

1 كَئِبَ ذ , aor. كَأََ , inf. n. كَأْبَةٌ and كَاآبَةٌ (S, K) and كَأْبٌ (K) and كَأْبَاآءُ; (TA;) and ↓ اكتأب; (S, K;) He was in an evil state, and broken [ in spirit ] by grief, or mourning; (S, K;) he was in grief, unhappy, sorrowful, or sad. (K.) See also 4.

4 اكأبهُ ذ He caused him to grieve, or mourn, or to be unhappy, sorrowful, or sad; (K;) threw him into grief, or mourning, &c. (TA.) ― -b2- اكأب He was in grief, or mourning; was unhappy, sorrowful, or sad: (K:) or he entered upon a state of grief, mourning, unhappiness, sorrow, or sadness; or a state of being changed and broken in spirit by reason of intense anxiety. (TA.) See also 1. -A2- He fell into destruction, or ruin. (K.)

8 اكتأب وَجْهُ الأَرْضِ ذ (tropical:) [ The face of the earth, or land, became of sad aspect ]. (TA.) See 1.

كَئِبٌ ذ : see كَئِيبٌ.

كَأْبَاآءُ ذ Grief, mourning, unhappiness, sorrow, or sadness: (K:) [in which sense the inf. n. كَاآبَةٌ is more commonly used:] or intense grief, &c.: used both as an inf. n. and as an epithet. (TA.) See كَئِيبٌ.

كُؤَبَةٌ ذ i. q. تُؤَبَةٌ, in the following phrase مَا بِهِ كؤبةٌ There is nothing in him for which he should be ashamed. (K.)

كَئِيبٌ ذ (S, K) and ↓ كَئِبٌ and ↓ مَكْتَئِبٌ (K) A man in an evil state, and broken [ in spirit ] by grief, or mourning; (S, K;) in grief, unhappy, sorrowful, or sad. (K.) كَئِيبَةٌ and ↓ كَأْبَاآءُ the same, as applied to a woman. (S.) ― -b2- الارض كَئِيبَةُ الوَجْهِ (tropical:) [ The earth, or land, is of sad aspect. ] (TA.)

مُكْتَئِبٌ ذ see كَئِيبٌ. ― -b2- رَمَادٌ مُكْتَئِبُ اللَّوْنِ Ashes of a colour inclining to black; (S, K;) as is the colour of him who is in an evil state, or broken [in spirit] by grief. (S.)

1 كَأَدَ ذ , aor. كَأََ , He was in an evil state, and broken [ in spirit ] by grief, or mourning; or was in grief, unhappy, sorrowful, or sad, syn. كَئِبَ. (K.)

5 تَكَأَّدَنِى ذ and ↓ تَكَاآءَدَنِى It (a thing, or an affair,) was difficult to me; it distressed, troubled, fatigued, or wearied, me. (S, L, K.) ― -b2- تكأّد الشَّىْءَ He took, or imposed, upon himself, or undertook, the thing, in spite of difficulty, trouble or inconvenience; he constrained himself to do the thing, notwithstanding it was difficult, troublesome, or inconvenient, to him. (L, K.) You say تَكَأَّدْتُ الذَّهَابَ اـِلَى فُلَانٍ, meaning, I [ constrained myself to go, and ] went to such a one, in spite of difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience. (AZ, L.) ― -b3- He endured the thing; struggled with, or against, it; contended with its difficulty, or severity; underwent difficulties, troubles, or inconveniences, in doing it; endured, or bore, its heat and severity; syn. كَابَدَهُ, and صَلِىَ بِهِ. (IAar, L, K.)

6 تَكَأََّ see 5.

كَأْدَاآءُ ذ Difficulty. (IAar, L, K.) ― -b2- Grief; sorrow; mourning; syn. حُزْنٌ: so accord. to the K; but accord. to IAar [and the L] fear; syn. خَوْفٌ: (TA:) and caution: (IAar, L.) ― -b3- Injustice. (K.) ― -b4- A dark night. (IAar, L, K.) ― -b5- See also كَؤُودٌ.

عَقَبَةٌ كَؤُودٌ ذ , (S, L, K,) and ↓ كَأْدَاآءُ, (L, K,) A mountain-road difficult of ascent. (S, L, K. *) Such a road is also termed [simply] كَأْدَاآءُ, and صُعَدَاآءُ: [in the K it is said, that كُؤَدَاآءُ is syn. with صُعَدَاآءُ:] and كَؤُودٌ [in like manner, as a subst.,] signifies. a difficult place of ascent: like صَعُودٌ. (L, TA.)

كَأْسٌ ذ , (ISk, S, A, Msb, K,) and كَاسٌ, with the ء suppressed, is allowable, (Msb,) and sometimes occurs, (TA,) A drinking-cup: (A, K:) or [ a cup of wine; i. e.] a cup containing wine; (S, A, K;) or a cup full of wine: (Msb:) when not containing wine, it is not thus called; (IAar, S, Msb;) being in this case called قَدَحٌ: (TA:) or it has the first and the second of these significations: (TA:) or it signifies wine itself: (As, AHát, Ibn-'Abbád:) or has this signification also: (K:) and is of the fem. gender: (S, A, Msb, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَكْؤُسٌ and [of mult.] كُؤُوسٌ and كِئَاسٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the last with ء, (TA, [but written without ء in the CK,]) and, accord. to AHn, كِيَاسٌ, without ء, which, if correct, is originally كِوَاسٌ, from كَاسٌ, with the ء changed into ا as representing و, (TA,) and كَاسَاتٌ, (K,) without ء. (TA.) It is used metaphorically in relation to every kind of disagreeable, hateful, or evil, things. Thus you say, سَقَاهُ كَأْسًا مِنَ الذُّلِّ (tropical:) [ He gave him to drink a cup of abasement ]: and مِنَ الفُرْقَةِ (tropical:) [ of separation ]: and مِنَ المَوْتِ (tropical:) [ of death ]: and مِنَ الحُبِّ (tropical:) [ of love ]. (TA.) You say also, سَقَاهُ الكَأْسَ الأَمَرَّ (tropical:) [ He gave him to drink the most bitter cup ]; meaning death: (A, TA:) and كُؤُوسَ المَنَايَا (tropical:) [ The cups of death; lit., deaths ]. (A.) Az. thinks that it may be derived from كَاصَ فُلَانٌ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ, meaning, “ Such a one ate and drank much ”; because ص and س are interchangeable in many words on account of the nearness of their places of utterance. (TA.)

See Supplement

1 كَأَنَ فِى خَلْقِهِ ذ He, (a man) was strong in his make (IAar, in TA, voce كَنَتَ.)

كَأْنِىٌّ ذ A man strong in his make. (IAar, in TA, voce كَنَتَ.)

كَأٍ ذ and كاءٍ: see كَأَىٍّ or كَأَيِّنْ in art. أَىٌّ (p. 134 a. )

See art. كيأ.

1 كَبَّهُ ذ , aor. كَبُ3َ , (inf. n. كَبٌّ, TA;) and كَبْكَبَهُ; (K, TA;) He inverted it, or turned it upside-down. (K.) ― -b2- كَبَّ الاـِنَاآءَ, aor كَبُ3َ , inf. n. كَبٌّ, [ He inverted, or turned down, the vessel, so as to pour out its contents ]: (TA:) he turned the vessel over upon its head. (Msb.) ― -b3- كَبَّ القَصْعَةَ He turned over the wooden bowl upon its face. (TA.) ― -b4- كَبَّهُ, (K,) or كبّه لِوَجْهِهِ, (S,) [or عَلَى وَجْهِهِ (see 4),] and ↓ اكبّه (K) and ↓ كَبْكَبَهُ, (S, K,) He prostrated him; threw him down upon his face. (S, K.) [One says,] كَبَّ اللّٰهُ عَدُوَّ المُسْلِمِينَ [ May God overthrow, or prostrate, the enemy of the Muslims! ]: but one should not say ↓ اكبّ. (S.) See also 4. ― -b5- He cut, or wounded, a camel in the legs. (TA.) -A2- كَبَّ, (aor. كَبُ3َ , inf. n. كَبُّ, TA,) (tropical:) He [ convolved, or glomerated, thread, and likewise hair (see فَلِيلٌ), or he ] made thread [&c.] into كُبَب [or balls ]: (S, K:) or into a كُبَّة [or ball ]. (ISd.) [The verb is used in the present day to signify He wound thread into a ball, or balls. ] See 5. -A3- كَبَّ, [aor., app., كَبِ3َ ,] He, or it, was weighty, or heavy. (K.) See كُبَّةٌ -A4- He kindled, or set on fire, كُبّ, which is [ a plant, or tree, of the kind called ] حَمْض. (AA, K.)

2 كبّب ذ , inf. n. تَكْبِيبٌ, (tropical:) He made كَبَاب, or meat cut up, &c. (K.)

4 أَكْبَ3َ See 1. -A2- اكبّ He bent his head down towards the ground; [as also اـِلَى الأَرْضِ ↓ انكبّ, occurring in the TA, art برز;] bent himself down; stooped. (TA.) [See Kur, lxvii, 22.] ― -b2- اكبّ, (K,) or اكبّ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ, (S) and ↓ انكبّ, (TA,) quasi-pass. of كَبَّ; He fell prostrate or prone; fell upon his face: (S, K:) the former verb extr. with respect to analogy, (S,) [as quasipass. of كَبَّ: see أَحْجَمَ, and أَحْنَجَ]: [and ↓ كَبَّ, aor., app., كَبِ3َ , inf. n. كَبٌّ, he fell, having stumbled: for] كَبٌّ is the contr. of اِنْتِعَاشٌ. (S, art. تعش.) ― -b3- اكبّ لَهُ (i. e., لِلشَّىْءِ, TA) i. q. تَحَانَى (as in some copies of the K) or تَجَانَأَ (as in others): the latter [meaning He bent down towards it ] is probably the correct reading. (TA.) -A3- اكبّ عَلَيْهِ, (i. e., على الشَّىْءِ, TA,) and ↓ انكبّ, (assumed tropical:) He fell to, or set about, doing it. (K.) اكبّ على الأَمْرِ يَفْعَلُهُ, and ↓ انكبّ, [ He fell to, or set about, the thing, to do it ]. (S.) -A4- اكبّ عَلَيْهِ, (i. e., على عَمَلٍ, TA,) and ↓ انكبّ, (tropical:) He kept, or adhered, to it; (K;) i. e., to a work. (TA.)

5 تكبّبت الاـِبِلُ ذ The camels were prostrated by disease (S, K) or emaciation. (S.) -A2- تكبّب (tropical:) It (sand) became contracted ( by reason of its moisture, TA,) into a compact mass: (S:) or became moist, and, in consequence, compact: whence كُبَّةُ غَزْلٍ [a ball of spun thread], as indicated by Z in the A. (TA.) ― -b2- تكبّب (tropical:) He wrapped himself up in his garment: (A:) [as also ↓ تكبكب: ex.] جَاءَ مُتَكَبْكِبًا فِى ثِيَابِهِ He came wrapped up in his garment. (S.)

6 تكابّوا عَلَيْهِ ذ (tropical:) They pressed together, or crowded together, upon it. (TA.) [See تَّكَاتُّوا, in art. كت.]

7 انكبّ ذ It (a jug, or the like) was, or became, inverted, or turned down, so as to pour out its contents. (IB, in TA, voce غَرَبٌ.) ― -b2- See 4, in five places.

R. Q. 1 كَبْكَبَهُ ذ He turned him over, one part upon another: or threw him from the top of a mountain or wall. (TA.) See 1, in two places. ― -b2- كَبْكَبَهُ, inf. n. كَبْكَبَةٌ, He threw him into a deep place, or hollow. (K.) فَكُبْكِبُوا فِيهَا [Kur, xxvi, 9 4,] And they shall be thrown prostrate therein: [i. e., into the fire of hell:] (S:) or they shall be collected together and thrown down into it, namely, the abyss of hell-fire: (Lth:) lit., they shall be thrown so as to turn over and over until at length they come to a stop therein: (TA:) or they shall be thrown into it, one upon another: (Zj:) or they shall be collected together therein. (TA.) ― -b3- كبكب المَالَ He collected together, and brought or put back, the extremities of what was scattered of the wealth or property: [meaning, he collected the camels &c. by driving together those that were dispersed: ] like كَمْهَلَهُ and دَبْكَلَهُ &c. (L.)

R. Q. 2 تَكَبْكَبُوا ذ (tropical:) They collected themselves together. (TA.) ― -b2- See 5.

كُبٌّ ذ , [coll. gen. n., A plant or tree, of the kind called ] حَمْض; (K;) a kind of tree excellent for kindling, the leaves of which make the tails of horses beautiful and long; it has joints and thorns, and grows in fine, or soft, and plain soil: n. un. with ة: or, accord. to some, it is [ a plant, or tree, ] of the kind called نَجِيلُ الفَلَاةِ: but IAar says, among the [plants, or trees, called] حَمْض, are the نجيل and the كبّ. (TA.)