Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

المُتَجَبِّرُ المتجبر متجبر The lion. (K.)

مُسْتَجْبِرٌ مستجبر : see جَابِرٌ.

جَبْرَئِيلُ ذ and its vars.: see art. جبر.

جِبْسٌ جبس [ Gypsum; ] i. q. جِصٌّ, or جَصٌّ, (K,) with which one builds. (Kr, TA. *)

جَبَّاسَةٌ جباسه جباسة The place of جِبْس; [i. e., in which gypsum is found, or prepared; ] as also مجبَّسة [i. e. ↓ مُجَبَّسَةٌ, or, more probably, it is a mistranscription, for ↓ مَجْبَسَةٌ, like مَحْصَاةٌ (originally مَحَصَيَةٌ) and مَبْقَلَةٌ &c.]. (TA.)

مَجْبَسَةٌ مجبسه مجبسة or مُجَبَّسَةٌ: see جَبَّاسَةٌ.

1 جَبَلَهُ جبل جبله جبلة , (S, Msb, K,) aor. جَبُلَ (Msb, K) and جَبِلَ , (K,) inf. n. جَبْلٌ, (KL.) He (God) created him. (S, Msb, K, KL.) So in the phrase, جَبَلَهُ عَلَى كَذَا, (Msb,) or على الشَّىْءِ, (K,) He (God) created him with an adaptation, or a disposition, to such a thing, or to the thing; adapted him, or disposed him, by nature thereto. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., جُبِلَتِ القُلُوبُ عَلَى حُبِّ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ اـِلَيْهَا وَبُغْضِ مَنْ أَسَاآءَ اـِلَيْهَا [ Hearts are created with a disposition to the love of him who does good to them, and the hatred of him who does evil to them ]. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) i. q. جَبَرَهُ [evidently as meaning He compelled him, against his will, عَلَى الأَمْرِ to do the thing; for he who is created with a disposition to do a thing is as though he were compelled to do it]; and so ↓ اجبلهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. اـِجْبَالٌ. (TA.) -A2- جَبِلَ (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became like a mountain (جَبَل) in bigness, thickness, coarseness, or roughness. (TA.) ― -b2- جَبِلَ حَدِيدُهُمْ (K, TA; in the CK, جَبَلَ; and in a MS. copy of the K, without any vowels;) (assumed tropical:) Their iron was, or became, blunt, such as would not penetrate. (K, * TA.)

3 جابل جابل He (a man) alighted, or descended and abode, or sojourned, or settled, in a mountain. (AA, TA.)

4 اجبل أجبل اجبل جبل He came, or went, or betook himself, to the mountain. (ISk, S, K.) ― -b2- (tropical:) He (a digger) reached a hard place, (S, K,) or stone, (Mgh,) in his digging. (TA. [الحَافِر, meaning “ the digger, ” Golius seems to have misunderstood as meaning “ the hoof ” of a horse.]) ― -b3- [Hence,] (tropical:) He (a poet) experienced difficulty in diction, (K, TA,) so that he said nothing original, nor anything in the way of repetition. (TA.) ― -b4- And طَلَبَ حَاجَةً فَأَجْبَلَ (assumed tropical:) He sought a thing that he wanted, and failed of attaining it. (TA.) ― -b5- And سَأَلْنَاهُمْ فَأَجْبَلُوا (tropical:) We asked them, and they refused, and did not give. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, TA.) ― -b6- And أَجْبَلُوا (tropical:) Their iron became blunt, so that it would not penetrate. (K, * TA.) -A2- اجبلهُ (tropical:) He found him to be a جَبَل, i. e. a niggard: (K, TA:) it is considered as implying fixedness. (TA.) ― -b2- See also 1.

5 تجبّلوا جبل تجبلوا They entered a mountain: (K:) or, accord. to the O, you say, تجبّل القَوْمُ الجِبَالَ, meaning, the people, or company of men, entered the mountains. (TA.)

جَبْلٌ جبل (assumed tropical:) Big, thick, coarse, or rough; (TA;) as also ↓ جَبِلٌ, applied to a thing (S, O, K) of any kind: (K:) or this latter is applied to an arrow, signifying (assumed tropical:) coarsely, roughly, or rudely, pared. (K.) You say رَجُلٌ جَبْلُ الرَّأْسِ, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, جَبَلُ الرأس,]) and الوَجْهِ, (TA,) (tropical:) A man having a big, thick, coarse, or rough, head, and face; (TA;) having little sweetness. (K, TA.) [See also جَبِيلٌ.] And ↓ رَجُلٌ مِجْبَالٌ (assumed tropical:) A big, thick, coarse, or rough, and heavy, man. (Ham p. 818.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ جَبْلَةٌ (K [in one place in the CK جَبَلَةٌ and جِبْلَةٌ, but only جَبْلَةٌ accord. to the TA,]) and ↓ مِجْبَالٌ (S, K) (tropical:) A woman big, thick, coarse, or rough, (S, K, TA,) in make; (S;) large in make. (TA.) And خِلْقَةٌ جَبْلَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A big, thick, coarse, or rough, make. (Ham p. 821.) And نَاقَةٌ جَبْلَةُ السَّنَامِ (tropical:) A she-camel having an increasing hump. (TA.) And سَيْفٌ جَبْلٌ and ↓ مِجْبَالٌ (assumed tropical:) A sword not made thin. (TA.) -A2- Also (K, TA, [in the CK, جَبَل,]) A court [of a house]; syn. سَاحَةٌ. (K.)

جُبْلٌ جبل : see جِبْلٌ: ― -b2- and جِبِلٌّ. -A2- Also Dry trees. (K.)

جِبْلٌ جبل Much; or numerous; (S, K;) as also ↓ جُبْلٌ (K.) So in the phrases مَالٌ جِبْلٌ [ Much property; or numerous cattle ]; and حَىٌّ جِبْلٌ A numerous tribe. (S.) ― -b2- See also جِبِلٌّ, in two places.

جَبَلٌ جبل [ A mountain: or] any of the mountains (أَوْتَاد [lit. “pegs,” or “stakes,” a term applied to the mountains because they are supposed to make the earth firm, or fast,]) of the earth, that is great and long; (Mgh, K;) or, as some say, only such as is long; (Msb;) such as is isolated being called أَكَمَةٌ, or قُنَّةٌ: (K:) [and also applied to a rocky tract; any rocky elevation, however little elevated: ] and sometimes it means stone; [or rock; ] such, for instance, as is reached by the digger: and hence it is applied to Es-Safà and El-Marweh: (Mgh:) pl. [of mult.] جِبَالٌ (S, Msb, K) and (of pauc., Msb) أَجْبُلٌ (Msb, K) and أَجْبَالٌ. (K.) ― -b2- [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A man who does not remove from his place: you say of such a one, هُوَ جَبَلٌ. (TA.) ― -b3- (tropical:) A niggard. (K, TA.) [See 4.] ― -b4- (tropical:) The lord, or chief, of a people, or company of men: and their learned man. (Fr, K, TA.) ― -b5- ابْنَةُ الجَبَل (assumed tropical:) The serpent: (K:) because it keeps to the جَبَل. (TA.) ― -b6- (assumed tropical:) Calamity, or misfortune. (K.) ― -b7- (assumed tropical:) The bow that is made from the tree called نَبْع; (K, TA;) because this is one of the trees of the جَبَل. (TA.) ― -b8- (assumed tropical:) The echo. (Har p. 472.)

جَبُلٌ جبل : see جِبِلٌّ.

جَبِلٌ جبل : see جَبْلٌ. ― -b2- Also, applied to the iron head, or blade, of an arrow, or of a spear, or of a sword, &c., (tropical:) Blunt; that will not penetrate into a thing: (Ibn-' Abbád, K, * TA:) and so, with ة, applied to a فَأْس. (TA.)

جُبُلٌ جبل : see جِبِلٌّ.

جَبْلَةٌ جبل جبله جبلة (K, TA, [in the CK جَبَلَةٌ,]) and ↓ جِبْلَةٌ The face: or the بَشَرَة [or external skin ] thereof: or the part thereof that is turned towards one. (K.) -A2- Also, (K,) or the former, (TA,) A vice, fault, defect, or blemish. (K.) -A3- And Strength. (K.) ― -b2- And Hardness of the earth, or ground. (Lth, K.) -A4- See also جُبْلَةٌ: -A5- and see جِبْلَPٌ.

جُبْلَةٌ جبل جبله جبلة A camel's hump; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَبْلَةٌ. (K.) -A2- See also جِبِلٌّ: -A3- and see جِبِلَّةٌ, in two places.

جِبْلَةٌ جبل جبله جبلة : see جِبِلَّةٌ. ― -b2- Also The origin, or stock, (K, TA,) of any created thing; (TA;) and so ↓ جُبُلَّةٌ. (K, TA.) ― -b3- The fundamental nature, or composition, of a mountain. (TA.) ― -b4- ثَوْبٌ جَيِّدُ الجِبْلَةِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, good in respect of the thread (K, TA) and the weaving. (TA.) ― -b5- رَجُلٌ ذُو جِبْلَةٍ (assumed tropical:) A big, thick, coarse, or rough, man. (S, K.) -A2- See also جِبِلٌّ, in two places: -A3- and see جَبْلَةٌ.

جَبَلَةٌ جبل جبله جبلة : see جِبِلَّةٌ.

جُبُلٌّ جبل : see what next follows.

جِبِلٌّ جبل and ↓ جُبُلٌّ and ↓ جِبْلٌ [accord. to the CK like عَدْلٌ, but correctly like عِدْلٌ,] and ↓ جُبْلٌ and ↓ جُبُلٌ, (S, K,) accord. to different readings of the instance occurring in the Kur xxxvi. 62, the first being the reading of the people of ElMedeeneh, (S,) [and the most common,] A great company of men; as also ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ and ↓ جَبِيلٌ: (K:) or [simply] a company of men; (S;) as also ↓ جَبُلٌ, accord. to Kh; (Sgh, TA;) and so ↓ جَبْلَةٌ and ↓ جُبْلَةٌ and ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ: which last three signify also the same as أُمَّةٌ [ a nation, or people, &c.]: (K:) it is said [by some] that جِبِلٌّ is pl. [or coll. gen. n.] of ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ meaning a numerous company: (TA:) جِبَلَةٌ is pl. of ↓ جِبْلٌ: one says, قَبَحَ ا@للّٰهُ جِبَلَتَكُمْ [ May God remove far from prosperity, or success, ] your companies: (Fr, TA:) and جِبَلٌ is pl. of ↓ جِبْلَةٌ. (Bd in xxxvi. 62.)

جُبُلَّةٌ جبل جبله جبلة Much, or an abundance, or a large quantity or number, or anything; as also ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ. (K.) -A2- See also جِبْلَةٌ: -A3- and see what next follows, in two places.

جِبِلَّةٌ جبل جبله جبلة (S, Msb, K) and ↓ جُبُلَّةٌ and ↓ جَبِيلَةٌ (Sgh, MF) and ↓ جِبْلَةٌ (AA, S, K) and ↓ جُبْلَةٌ and ↓ جَبْلَةٌ and ↓ جَبَلَةٌ, (K,) but this last, accord. to MF, is unknown, (TA,) Nature; or natural, native, innate, or original, constitution, disposition, temper, or other quality or property; idiosyncrasy; syn. خِلْقَةٌ (AA, S, Sgh, Msb, K) and طَبِيعَةٌ (Msb, K) and غَرِيزَةٌ; all these signifying the same: (Msb:) pl. of the first جِبِلَّاتٌ. (S.) Hence, in the Kur [xxvi. 184], وَالجِبِلَّةَ الأَوَّلِينَ, (S,) meaning الخَلِيقَةَ, (Jel,) or ذَوِي الجِبِلَّةِ, i. e. And the preceding created beings: (Bd:) El- Hasan read with damm [i. e. ↓ الجُبُلَّةَ or ↓ الجثبْلَةَ]. (S.) -A2- See also جِبِلٌّ, in three places: ― -b2- and see جُبُلَّةٌ.

جَبَلِىٌّ جبل جبلى جبلي جبليي Of, or relating to, a mountain or mountains; contr. of سُهْلِىٌّ. (The Lexicons &c. passim.)

جِبِلّىٌّ جبل جبلى جبلي جبليي Natural; i. e. of, or relating to, the natural, native, innate, or original, constitution, disposition, temper, or other quality or property; like طَبِيعِىٌّ; i. e. essential; resulting from the Creator's ordering of the natural disposition in the body. (Msb.)

جِبَالٌ جبال جبل (tropical:) The body, with, or without, the members; syn. جَسَدٌ and بَدَنٌ; (K, TA;) as being likened to a mountain in bigness [?]. (TA.) One says, أَحْسَنَ ا@للّٰهُ جِبَالَهُ, meaning, (tropical:) [ May God render beautiful ] his body (جَسَدَهُ): and [ render good ] his created خُلُق [or mind, with its qualities and attributes: but I rather think that خُلُق is here a mistranscription for خَلْق, meaning make ]. (Ibn-' Abbád, TA.)

جَبِيلٌ جبيل : see جِبِلٌّ. -A2- جَبِيلُ الوَجْهِ (tropical:) A man having a bad, or an ugly, face. (K, TA.) [See also جَبْلٌ.]

جَبِيلَةٌ جبيل جبيله جبيلة : see جِبِلَّةٌ.

مِجْبَالٌ مجبال : see جَبْلٌ, in three places.

مَجْبُولٌ مجبول , applied to a man, (assumed tropical:) Great, large, or big, (K, TA,) in make; as though he were a mountain. (TA.)

1 جَبُنَ جاب جبن جبنن , (S, Msb, K,) aor. جَبُنَ , inf. n. جُبْنٌ (Msb, K) and جُبُنٌ (K) and جَبَانَةٌ; (Msb, K;) and جَبَنَ, (S, ISd, Msb,) aor. جَبُنَ ; (Msb, TA;) He (a man) was, or became, such as is termed جَبَان (S, Msb, K) and جَبِين; (S, K;) i. e. cowardly, (K,) or weak hearted. (Msb.) And جَبُنَ عَنْهُ He held back, or refrained, from him, or it, through cowardice. (TA in art. عرس.)

2 جبَنهُ جاب جبن جبنه جبننه جبنة , inf. n. تَجْبِينٌ, He attributed to him cowardice (جُبْن). (S.) And هُوَ يُجَبَّنُ, inf. n. as above, He is accused of cowardice. (K.)

4 اجبنهُ أجاب أجبن أجبنه أجبنة اجبنه اجبنة جبن He found him to be such as is termed جَبَان; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. a coward, or cowardly, (K,) or weak-hearted: (Msb:) or he reckoned him a coward; (M, K;) as also ↓ اجتبنهُ. (K.)

5 تجبّن أجاب جاب جبن تجبن تجبنن وجب It (milk) became like جُبْن [i. e. cheese ]. (K.) ― -b2- And hence, perhaps, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became thick, gross, coarse, or big. (S, TA.)

8 اجتبنهُ اجتبنه اجتبنة He made cheese of it; i. e. of milk. (T, K.) -A2- See also 4.

جُبْنٌ جاب جبن جبنن and ↓ جُبُنٌ and ↓ جُبُنٌّ, (S, Msb, K,) the first of which is the most approved, and the last the most rare, and said by some to be used only in a case of necessity in poetry, (Lth, Msb,) [ Cheese; ] a certain thing that is eaten, (S, Msb,) well known: (K:) n. un. جُبْنَةٌ, (TA,) a word having a more particular signification than جُبْنٌ, (S,) meaning a قُرص [or round, flattened, loaf ] thereof, (Mgh,) [or a cheese, or piece of cheese, ] as also جُبُنَةٌ (TA) and جُبُنَّةٌ. (S, TA.) -A2- Also جُبْنٌ and ↓ جُبُنٌ, [inf. ns. of جَبُنَ, used as simple substs.,] Cowardice; weak-heartedness; ] the quality denoted by جَبَانٌ. (S.)

جُبُنٌ جاب جبن جبنن : see جُبْنٌ, in two places.

جُبُنٌّ جاب جبن جبنن : see جُبْنٌ.

جُبْنِىٌّ جب جبن جبنى جبني A seller of جُبْن [i. e. cheese ]. (TA.) ― -b2- And a rel. n. from سُوقُ الجُبْنِ [ The cheesemarket ] in Damascus. (K.)

جَبَانٌ جب جبان , (S, Msb, K,) an epithet from جَبَنَ, (S,) applied to a man and to a woman, (S, Msb, K,) in the latter case like حَصَانٌ and رَزَانٌ, (Ibn-EsSarráj, S,) and with ة also applied to a woman; (M, Msb, K;) and ↓ جَبينٌ, (S, K,) from جَبُنَ, (S,) applied to a man and to a woman; and ↓ جَبَّانٌ; (K;) A coward; or cowardly; i. e. wont to dread things, so as not to venture upon them boldly, (K, TA,) by night or by day; (TA;) weak-hearted: (Msb:) جَبَانٌ is contr. of شُجَاعٌ: (Msb in art. شجع:) pl. masc. جُبَنَاآءُ, (Msb, K,) [properly of جَبِينٌ] and fem. جَبَانَاتٌ. (Lth, Msb, TA.) هُوَ جَبَانُ الكَلْبِ [ He is one whose dog is cowardly, ] means (tropical:) he is extremely generous: (K, TA:) because, by reason of guests' coming to him, his dog does not growl. (TA.) And you say, فُلَانٌ شُجَاعُ القَلْبِ جَبَانُ الوَجْهِ (tropical:) [app. meaning Such a one is courageous in heart, mild in face ]. (TA. [Expl. by اجنى الوجه, which seems to be a mistranscription.])

جَبِينٌ جب جبى جبين : see جَبَانٌ. -A2- Also The part above the temple, on the right of the forehead, and on the left thereof; the two being called جَبِينَانِ: (S:) the side of the forehead, [so Bd in xxxvii. 103,] from the part over against the place where the hair falls off, to the temple, on the right of the forehead, and on the left thereof: so say Az and IF and others: the forehead (الجَبْتَة) is between the جَبِينَانِ: (Msb:) or the جَبِينَانِ are the two borders of the forehead, on either side thereof, in the part between the two eyebrows (فِيمَا بَيْنَ الحَاجِبَيْنِ [so in the copies of the K, a mistake for فيما يَلِى الحاجبين in the part next to the two eyebrows]), rising to the place where the growth of the hair terminates: (K:) or between the place where the growth of the hair terminates and the eyebrows: (TA:) or the جبين is the borders (in the T, the border, TA) of the forehead, between the two temples, uniting with the نَاصِيَة [or place where the hair grows in the fore part of the head, or the hair of that part ]: (K, TA:) and it sometimes occurs as meaning the forehead: (MF, TA:) [see an ex. voce تَرِبَ, where it is used in this last sense, and is fem., perhaps because syn. with جَبْهَة, for] Lh says that it is always masc.: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] جُبُنٌ and [of pauc.] أَجْبِنَةٌ (Msb, K) and أَجْبُنٌ. (K.)

جَبَّانٌ جب جبان : see جَبَانٌ. -A2- Also One who keeps, or guards, the produce of land in the desert. (TA.) -A3- See also what next follows.

جَبَّانَةٌ جبان جبانه جبانة (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ جَبَّانٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more common, (Msb,) A place of prayer, (Msb,) or common place of prayer, (Mgh,) in a صَحْرَاآء [or desert tract ]. (Mgh, Msb.) ― -b2- A burial-ground: (K:) this is sometimes called جبّانة because the place of prayer is generally in the burial-ground: (Msb:) accord. to Kh, these two words, in this sense, are from الجَبُّ and الجَبُوبُ; but others derive them from جبن. (TA in art. جب.) ― -b3- A [desert tract such as is termed ] صَحْرَاآء. (S, K.) ― -b4- A place that produces much herbage: and level, elevated land: (AHn, K:) or the latter, level, elevated land, that produces much herbage: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) accord. to ISh, it is smooth, without trees; but it may have in it hills, and a tract abounding with trees: and sometimes the جبّانة is level, without hills and without any tract abounding with trees; but it is not in sand nor in mountains, though it may be in [high grounds such as are termed ] قِفَاف [pl. of قُفٌّ] and in [what are termed ] شَقَائِق [pl. of شَقِيقَةٌ]. (TA.)

جَبّانِىٌّ جب جبان جبانى جباني جبانيي جبى A dweller in the جَبَّان, meaning صَحْرَاآء. (TA.)

أَجْبَنُ ذ [ More, and most, cowardly, or weakhearted ]. (TA.) You say أَجْبَنُ مِنْ صَافِرٍ, i. e. [ More cowardly] than a whistling bird: (S in art. صفر:) or, as some say, than a thief. (TA in that art. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 326.])

مَجْبَنَةٌ مجبنه مجبنة [ A cause of cowardice, or weak-heartedness ]. One says, الوَلَدُ مَجْبَنَةٌ مَبْخَلَةٌ [ Children are a cause of cowardice and a cause of niggardliness ]; because one loves continuance of life, and property, on account of them. (S, TA.)

1 جَبَهَهُ جبه جبهه جبهة , (S, Msb, K,) aor. جَبَهَ , (Msb, K,) inf. n. جَبْهٌ, (Ham p. 355,) He slapped, (S,) or struck, (K,) or hit, (Msb,) or struck him on, (Ham ubi suprà,) his جَبْهَة [or forehead ]. (S, Msb, K, and Ham ubi suprà.) ― -b2- And [hence], (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He turned him back (K, TA) from the thing that he wanted: (TA:) or (tropical:) he met him, or encountered him, with, or he said to him, or did to him, a thing disliked, or hated: (K, TA, TK:) or (tropical:) he encountered him, or confronted him, with speech in which was roughness: (JK, M, TA:) or (tropical:) he encountered him with that which he disliked, or hated; or he accused him thereof to his face; (M, TA, and Ham ubi suprà;) or so جَبَهَهُ بِالمَكْرُوهِ. (S, TA.) ― -b3- جَبَهَ المَاآءَ, (JK, S, K,) inf. n. as above, (JK, S,) (tropical:) He came to the water, (JK, S, K,) when there was at it no apparatus for drawing, (S,) i. e. no pulley &c., (JK, TA,) or having no means of drawing, so that he only looked at the surface of the water. (Z, K.) [See also جَبِيهَةٌ.] ― -b4- جَبَهَ القَوْمَ (tropical:) It (winter) came upon the people unprepared for it. (A, K.)

2 تَجْبِيهٌ جب جبى تجبيه تجبية The mounting a fornicator, or an adulterer, upon an ass, and turning his face towards the tail; whence the trad. of the Jews respecting the adulterer, يُحُمَّمُ وَيُجَبَّهُ ويُجْلَدُ [ He shall have his face blackened with charcoal, and be mounted on an ass with his face towards the tail, and be flogged ]: (Mgh:) or the mounting two fornicators, or adulterers, upon an ass, and turning the backs of their heads towards each other, (JK, Mgh,) and parading them round about; thus accord. to the Tekmileh: (Mgh:) or the blackening [with charcoal] the faces of two fornicators, or adulterers, (أَنْ يُحَمَّرَ in the K being a mistake for أَنْ يُحُمَّمَ, i. e. يُسَوَّدَ, TA,) and mounting them upon a camel or an ass, and turning their faces in contrary directions: accord. to analogy, it should mean turning their faces towards each other; for it is from الجَبْتَةُ: تَجْبِيهٌ also signifies the bending, inclining, lowering, or hanging down, the head towards the ground: and it may be hence; (i. e. it may be hence that it is applied to him who is mounted on a beast in the manner described above; TA;) because he to whom this is done bends down his head in shame and confusion: or it may be from جَبَهَهُ meaning "he did to him a thing disliked, or hated." (K.)