Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

حِكَاكٌ حك حكاك حكى [ A thing against which a beast rubs, or scratches, himself ]. The Arabs say, فُلَانٌ جِذْلٌ حِكَاكٌ خَشَعَتْ عَنْهُ الأُبَنُ (assumed tropical:) [ Such a one is a rubbingpost from which the knots have become worn down ]; meaning that he is so pruned, or trimmed, [figuratively speaking,] that nothing is cast at him but it glances off from him, and recoils. (TA.) [See مُحَكَّكٌ.] -A2- حِكَاكُ شَرٍّ: see حِكٌّ.

حَكِيكٌ حكي حكيك i. q. ↓ مَحْكُوكٌ [i. e. Scratched, scraped, rubbed, &c.; and particularly worn by rubbing or friction; ] applied to a كَعْب [app. as meaning an ankle-bone, or rather the skin upon that bone]: and having the edges worn away; syn. نَحِيتٌ, (S,) or مَنْحُوتٌ; (K;) applied to a solid hoof; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ أَحَكُّ: (K, TA:) and كُلُّ نَحِيتٍ خَفِىَ [so in copies of the K: in the CK the last word in this explanation is خَفِىٍّ: but I doubt not that the right reading is حَفِىَ, with the unpointed ح; and that the meaning of the whole is, whatever (i. e. whatever foot) is worn by rubbing or friction; that has become attenuated, or chafed, by much walking or treading; agreeably with the explanation that follows]: the subst. is حَكَكٌ: and you say, حَكِكَتِ الدَّابَّةُ. (K.) And A horse having the hoofs much worn (مُنَحَّتُ الحَوَفِرِ, IDrd, K, in the CK الحَافِرِ) by the erosion of the ground, so as to be attenuated. (IDrd, TA.)

حُكَاكَةٌ حكاك حكاكه حكاكة What falls from a thing عِنْدَ الحَكِّ [i. e. on the occasion of scratching, scraping, rubbing, grating, &c.]. (S, K.) And What is scraped, or rubbed, or grated, (مَا حُكَّ,) between two stones, and then used as a collyrium for ophthalmia: (K:) or what is scraped off, or rubbed off, by degrees, (مَا تَحَاكَّ,) between two stones, when one of them is rubbed with the other, for medicine and the like. (TA.)

[ حَكَّاكٌ حك حكاك حكى A lapidary. ]

حَكَّاكَةٌ حكاك حكاكه حكاكة (tropical:) A thing that makes an impression upon hearts: pl. حَكَّاكَاتٌ: (IAth, TA:) or the pl. signifies (tropical:) [ suggestions of the devil or of the mind, whereby the mind is disturbed; such as are termed ] وَسَاوِسُ: (K, TA:) things that make an impression (تَحُكُّ) upon the heart, and are dubious to a man: such are sins said to be. (TA.)

حَاكَّةٌ حاك حاكه حاكة حائك A tooth: (S, K:) thus called because it rubs, or grates, (تَحُكُّ,) either its fellow or what one eats: an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates. (TA.) So in the saying, مَا بَقِيتَ فِى فِيهِ حَاكَّةٌ [ There remained not in his mouth a tooth ]. (S.) The Arabs also say, مَا فِيهِ حَاكَّةٌ وَلَا تَا كَّةٌ, meaning There is not in him, or it, a grinder (ضِرْسٌ) nor a dog-tooth. (Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, TA.)

أَحَكُّ ذ : see حَكِيكٌ ― -b2- Also A man (TA) having no حَاكَّة, i. e., no tooth, in his mouth. (K, * TA)

مَا أَنْتَ مِنْ أَحْكَاكِهِ ذ Thou art not of his, or its, men: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) [app. meaning thou art not the man to cope with him, or to accomplish it.]

مِحَكٌّ مح محك [ A touchstone; the stone upon which pieces of money &c. are rubbed to try their quality; ] the stone of the نَقَّادُون. (Har p. 66.) [It is commonly called in the present day مِحَكَّةٌ: which also signifies a stone for rubbing the soles of the feet, &c.: and a rasp. ]

الجِذْلُ المُحَكَّكُ ذ [ The rubbing-post; i. e.] the thing that is set up in the place where camels lie down, at their watering-place, for the mangy camels to rub against it. (S, K.) Hence the saying of El-Hobáb Ibn-El-Mundhir El-Ansáree, (S,) أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا المُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا المُرَجَّبُ, [see جِذْلٌ,] meaning I am he by means of whose counsel, or advice, and forecast, relief is sought: (S, K: *) or it has another meaning, preferred by Az, i. e., that the sayer was one who had been strengthened by experience, who had experienced and known affairs, and been tried, or proved, by them, and found to be one who bore up against difficulty, strong and firm, such as would not flee from his adversary: or the meaning is, I am, exclusively of [the rest of] the Ansár, a rubbing-post for him who would oppose me, and with me should the stubborn be coupled: the dim. form is here used for the purpose of aggrandizement. (TA.) [See also حِكَاكٌ.]

مَحْكُوكٌ محكوك : see حَكِيكٌ.

1 حَكَأَ ذ : see what next follows.

4 احكأ ذ , (Sh, S, K,) inf. n. أِحْكَاآءٌ; (TA;) and ↓ حَكَأَ, aor. حَكَاَ , (K,) inf. n. حَكْءٌ; (TA;) and ↓ احتكأ; (K;) He tightened a knot; (S, K;) made it firm: (Sh, TA:) as also احكى (S) and حَكَى. (S and K in art. حكى.) [See a verse of 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd cited voce صُلْبٌ.] -A2- See also 8.

8 احتكأت العُقْدَةُ ذ The knot became tight, or firm. (Sh, TA.) And احتكأ العِقْدُ فِى عُنُقِهِ The necklace became fast upon his neck. (Sh, TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] احتكأ الشَّىْءُ فِى صَدْرِى (assumed tropical:) The thing became established in my mind, so that I did not doubt respecting it: and احتكأ الأَمْرُ فِى نَفْسِى (assumed tropical:) The matter became established in my mind. (TA.) [See also اِحْتَكَى; and see اِحْتَكَّ in the first paragraph of art. حك.] You say also, سَمِعْتُ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَا احتكأ فِى صَدْرِى مِنْهَا شَىْءٌ (in the CK ↓ ما احكأ) (assumed tropical:) I heard stories, and nothing of them was unsettled in my mind. (K, * TA.) And لَوِ احتكأ لِى أَمْرِى لَفَعَلْتُ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) Had my case been manifest to me at the first, I had done thus. (L, TA.) -A2- See also 4.

1 حَكَرَ حكر i. q. احتكر, q. v. (A.) ― -b2- Also حَكَرَهُ, aor. حَكِرَ , inf. n. حَكْرٌ, He wronged him; acted wrongfully, or injuriously; towards him; (T, K, * TA;) and detracted from his reputation, or impugned his character; (T, TA;) acted, or behaved, towards him with bad fellowship, (T, K, * TA,) and with difficulty, or hardness, and perverseness: (TA:) and he brought upon him distress, or trouble, and harm, or injury, in his intercourse with him, and his ways of life. (T, TA.) The epithet applied to him who does so is ↓ حَكِرٌ, [not a reg. part. n., but] a kind of relative epithet. (T, TA.) You say, فِيهِ حَكْرٌ In him is difficulty, or hardness, and perverseness, and a quality of bad fellowship. (A.) -A2- حَكِرَ, aor. حَكَرَ , (TA,) inf. n. حَكَرٌ, (K, TA,) He was obstinate, or persistent, or persistent in contention, (K, * TA,) and difficult, or hard; (TA;) and kept a thing to himself, not allowing any one to share with him in it. (K, * TA.) The part. n. is ↓ حَكِرٌ. (TA.)

2 حكّر أَرْضَ فُلَانٍ ذ , inf. n. تَحْكِيرٌ, as used by the people of Egypt, [ He made the land of such a one to be a حِكْر; i. e.] he [ enclosed, and ] debarred others from building upon, [ or otherwise making use of, ] the land of such a one. (ElMakreezee's Khitat, ii. 114.) [A post-classical phrase: see حِكْرٌ.]

3 حاكرهُ حاكره حاكرة , (TK,) inf. n. مُحَاكَرَةٌ, (A, K,) He contended, litigated, or wrangled, with him. (A, K, TK.)

5 تَحَكَّرَ see 8, in two places.

8 احتكر احتكر أحتكر ٱحتكر He withheld, (A, Mgh, Msb, K,) or collected and withheld, (S, M,) wheat, (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb,) and the like, of what is eaten, (M, TA,) waiting for a time of dearness; (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ حَكَرَ, (A,) and ↓ تحكّر: (K:) he bought wheat and withheld it in order that it might become scarce and dear. (TA.) And فِى بَيْعِهِ ↓ تحكّر He waited, and watched, [ for a time of dearness, ] in his selling. (ISh.) [This last verb is perhaps not transitive.]

حَكْرٌ حكر : see حُكْرَةٌ.

حِكْرٌ حكر , as meaning مَا يُجْعَلُ عَلَى العَقَارَاتِ وَ يُحْبَسُ [app. a mistranscription for ما يُحَكَّرُ مِنَ العقارات ويحبس, which expresses the correct signification, in the dial. of Egypt, i. e. What is enclosed, of lands, or of lands and houses, or of lands and palm-trees &c., and debarred from others, so that they may not build upon it nor otherwise make use of it ], is a post-classical term: (TA:) [pl. أَحْكَارٌ. See also حَاكُورَةٌ.]

حَكَرٌ حكر and ↓ حُكَرٌ (K) and ↓ حُكْرَةٌ (TA) What is withheld, (K,) [or collected and withheld, (see 8,)] of wheat, and the like, of what is eaten, (TA,) in expectation of its becoming dear. (K.) ― -b2- See also the last of these words.

حَكِرٌ حكر One who withholds a thing, and keeps it to himself: (A:) one who withholds (K, TA) [or collects and withholds ] wheat, and the like, of what is eaten, (TA,) in expectation of dearness: (K, TA:) one who ceases not to withhold his merchandise when the market is full of people and of goods for sale, that it may be sold for much [بِالكَثِيرِ: in the L and K بالكسر, which is evidently a mistranscription]. (L, TA.) ― -b2- See also 1, in two places.

حُكَرٌ حكر : see حَكَرٌ.

حُكْرَةٌ حكر حكره حكرة Collection and retention: this is the primary signification. (Er-Rághib.) ― -b2- The withholding, (A, Mgh, Msb, K,) or collecting and withholding, (S,) wheat, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) and the like, of what is eaten, (TA,) waiting for a time of dearness; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) a subst. from اِحْتِكَارٌ; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ حَكَرٌ and ↓ حَكْرٌ. (Msb.) You say that the trade of such a one is الحُكْرَةُ. (A.) ― -b3- Accord. to some, The selling a thing without knowing its measure or weight. (TA.) ― -b4- And A collection, or an aggregate. (TA.) ― -b5- See also حَكَرٌ.

حَاكُورَةٌ حاكوره حاكورة A piece of land retained and enclosed by its proprietor (تحكر [i. e. تُحَكَّرُ]) for sowing [ and planting ] trees [ &c. ], near to the houses and abodes: of the dial. of Syria. (TA.) [See also حِكْرٌ.]

1 حَكَلَ حكل : see what next follows.

4 احكل عَلَىَّ الخَبَرُ احكل علي الخبر The information was dubious, confused, or vague, to me; (Zj, S, K;) as also ↓ حَكَلَ, (K,) and ↓ احتكل: (S, * K, * TA:) and احكل الأَمْرُ (Msb) and ↓ احتكل The affair, or case, was dubious, or confused, (Msb, TA,) عَلَيْهِ to him. (TA.)

8 احتكل احتكل : see 4, in two places. ― -b2- Also He learned a foreign language after Arabic. (Fr, K.)

حُكْلٌ حكل , [app. a pl., of which the sing. is not used; as though its sing. were أَحْكَلُ; like خُرْسٌ, pl. of أَخْرَسُ;] of animals, (TA,) Having no voice, or sound, to be heard; (S, K, TA;) like the ذَرّ [or young ones of ants], (K,) and نَمْل [or ants in general]: or the mute of birds and beasts. (TA.) -A2- الحُكْلُ is also [said to be] a name of Solomon: (K:) so, accord. to Lth, in the rejez of Ru-beh, where he says, لَوْ أَنَّنِى أُتِيتُ عِلْمَ الحُكْلِ [ Were I gifted with the knowledge of Solomon ]. (TA.)

حُكْلَةٌ حكله حكلة A barbarousness, or vitiousness, in speech or utterance; or an impediment therein; (S, Msb, K;) so that one does not speak distinctly. (S.) You say, فِى لِسَانِهِ حُكْلَةٌ [ In his speech, or utterance, is a barbarousness, &c.]. (S.)

حُكَلَةٌ حكله حكلة : see حُلَكَةٌ.

حَكِيلَةٌ حكيله حكيلة A mispronunciation; or a word mispronounced; syn. لُثْغَةٌ. (TA.)

1 حَكَمَهُ حكم حكمه حكمة , (S, K,) [aor. حَكُمَ ,] inf. n. حُكْمٌ, (Msb, K, [in the TK حَكْمٌ,]) in its primary acceptation, (Msb,) He prevented, restrained, or withheld, him (S, Msb, K) from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner; as also ↓ احكمهُ: (K:) and (K) from doing that which he desired; as also ↓ احكمهُ; and ↓ حكّمهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: (S:) and حُكُومَةٌ [is another inf. n. of حَكَمَهُ, and], accord. to As, primarily signifies the turning a man back from wrongdoing. (TA.) Ibrá- heem En-Nakha'ee is related to have said, ↓ حَكِّمِ اليَتِيمَ كَمَا تُحَكِّمُ وَلَدَكَ, meaning Restrain thou the orphan from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner, and make him good, or virtuous, as thou restrainest thine offspring &c.: and of every one whom thou preventest, or restrainest, or withholdest, from doing a thing, thou sayest, [حَكَمْتُهُ and] ↓ حكّمته and ↓ احكمته: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, as related by Sh, the forementioned saying of En-Nakh'ee means let the orphan decide respecting his property, when he is good, or virtuous, as thou lettest thine offspring &c.; but this explanation is not approved. (Az, TA.) And Jereer says, سُفَهَاآءَكُمْ ↓ أًبَنِى حَنِيفَةَ أَحْكِمُوا اـِنِّى أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ أَنْ أَغْضَبَا [ O sons of Haneefeh, restrain your lightwitted ones: verily I fear for you that I may be angry ]: (S, TA:) i. e., restrain and prevent them from opposing me. (TA.) You say, also, عَنِ ↓ احكمهُ الأَمْرِ He made him to turn back, or revert, from the thing, or affair. (K.) ― -b2- حَكَمَ الفَرَسَ, and ↓ احكمهُ, and ↓ حكّمهُ, He pulled in the horse by the bridle and bit, to stop him; he curbed, or restrained, him. (TA.) And حَكَمَ الدَّابَّةَ, (S,) or الفَرَسَ, (K,) inf. n. حَكْمٌ; (S; [so in my two copies of that work;]) and ↓ أَحْكَمَهَا, (S,) or احكمهُ; (K;) He put a حَكَمَة [q. v.] to the bit of the beast, or horse. (S, * K.) ― -b3- And ↓ حكّم الحَوَادِثَ (assumed tropical:) [ He controlled events: see مُحَكَّمٌ]. (MF.) ― -b4- حَكَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا originally signifies I prevented, restrained, or withheld, him from doing, or suffering, any other than such a thing, so that he could not escape it. (Msb.) [Hence it means I condemned him to such a thing; as, for instance, the payment of a fine or of a debt, and death.] And hence, (Msb,) حَكَمَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. حَكُمَ , (S, K,) inf. n. حُكْمٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and حُكُومَةٌ, (K,) He judged, gave judgment, passed sentence, or decided judicially, بَيْنَهُمْ between them, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and لَهُ in his favour, and عَلَيْهِ against him. (S, TA.) And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالأَمْرِ He decided judicially the thing, or affair, or case, against him. (K, TA.) And حَكَمَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا [ He awarded by judicial sentence in his favour, against him (i. e. another person), such a thing ]. (Mgh.) [And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ He exercised judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government, over him. And حَكَمَ بِكَذَا He ordered, ordained, or decreed, such a thing. ] -A2- حَكَمَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ He turned back, or reverted, from the thing, or affair. (IAar, Az, K.) -A3- حَكُمَ, (S, MA, TA,) with damm to the ك, (S,) like كَرُمَ, (TA,) [not حَكَمَ as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,] inf. n. حُكْمٌ (KL, MA) and حِكْمَةٌ, (MA,) He was, or became, such as is termed حَكِيمٌ [i. e. wise, &c. ]. (S, KL, MA, TA.) ― -b2- And حكم, inf. n. حكم, [so in the TA, without any syll. signs, app. حَكُمَ inf. n. حُكْمٌ,] is said of a man, signifying He reached the utmost point, or degree, in its meaning (فِى مَعْنَاهُ [i. e., app., in what is the radical meaning of the verb, namely, in judging; like قَضُوَ]); in praising, not in dispraising. (TA.)

2 حكّمهُ حكم حكمه حكمة , inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: see 1, in five places. ― -b2- Also [ He made him judge; or] he committed to him the office of judging, giving judgment, passing sentence, or deciding judicially; (Mgh, Msb;) or he ordered him to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially; (K;) or he allowed him to judge, &c.; (TA;) فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair, or case. (K.) And حَكَّمْتُهُ فِى مَالِى I gave him authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting my property. (S, TA.) ― -b3- Hence, حَكَّمَتِ الخَوَارِجُ The [ schismatics called the ] خوارج asserted that judgment (الحُكْمُ) belongs not to any but God. (Mgh.) تَحْكِيمُ الحَرُورِيَّةِ, in the K, erroneously, ↓ تَحَكُّمُ الحروريّة, (TA,) signifies The assertion of the [ schismatics called ] حروريّة that there is no judgment (حُكْم) but God's, (K, TA,) and that there is no judge (حَكَم) but God. (TA.)

3 حاكمهُ اـِلَى الحَاكِمِ حاكمه الي الحاكم , (K,) inf. n. مُحَاكَمَةٌ, (S,) He summoned him to the judge, and litigated with him, (S, K, TA,) seeking judgment: and he made a complaint of him to the judge; or brought him before the judge to arraign him and litigate with him, and made a complaint of him. (TA.) And حَاكَمْنَاهُ اـِلَى ا@للّٰهِ We summoned him to the judgment of God [administered by the Kádee]. (TA.) بِكَ حَاكَمْتُ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean I have submitted the judgment [of my case] to Thee, and there is no judgment but thine; and by Thee [or thy means or aid] I have litigated in seeking judgment and in proving the falseness of him who has disputed with me in the matter of religion. (TA. [The past tense, here, is perhaps used as a corroborative present.])

4 أَحْكَمَ see 1, in seven places. The saying of Lebeed, describing a coat of mail, أَحْكَمَ الجِنْثِىَّ مِنْ عَوْرَاتِهَا كُلُّ حِرْبَاآءٍ اـِذَا أُكْرِهَ صَلٌّ is explained as meaning Every nail repelled the sword from its interstices: [ when it was struck with force, it made a clashing sound: ] or, as some say, [the right reading is الجنثىُّ and كُلَّ, (as in the S in arts. جنث and صل,) and, accord. to some, صَنْعَتِهَا in the place of عوراتها, (as in the S and M in art. صل,) and] the meaning is, the manufacturer thereof made firm, or strong, every nail [ of its interstices, or of its fabric: &c.]: احكم in this case signifying أَحْرَزَ [agreeably with the explanation here next following]. (TA.) ― -b2- احكمهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. اـِحْكَامٌ, (TA,) i. q. أَتْقَنَهُ [ He made it, or rendered it, (namely, a thing, S, Mgh, Msb,) firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; he made it firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, so that it was firmly and closely joined or knit together, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; he so constructed, constituted, established, settled, arranged, did, performed, or executed, it; he put it into a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing: and he knew it, or learned it, soundly, thoroughly, or well; see 1, last sentence, in art. حنك]. (Msb, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xi. 1], كِتَابٌ أَحْكِمَتْ اآيَاتُهُ (TA) i. e. [ A book whereof the verses are rendered valid ] by arguments and proofs; (Bd;) or by command and prohibition, and the statement of what is lawful and unlawful: (TA:) or disposed in a sound manner, (Ksh, Bd,) with respect to the words and meanings, (Bd,) like a building firmly and orderly and well constructed: (Ksh:) or prevented from being corrupted (Ksh, Bd) and from being abrogated: (Bd:) or made to be characterized by wisdom, (Ksh, Bd:) as comprising the sources of speculative and practical wisdom. (Bd.) And hence one says of a man such as is termed حَكِيم, [i. e. wise, &c.,] قَدْ أَحْكَمَتْهُ التَّجَارِبُ [ Tryings have rendered him firm, or sound, in judgment ]. (TA.) ― -b3- [Hence, أُحْكِمَ عَنْ كَذَا It was secured from such a thing: see مُحْكَمٌ.] ― -b4- [اـِحْكَامٌ is also often used as the inf. n. of the pass. verb, signifying The being firm, &c.; or firmness, &c.: see مِرَّةٌ.] ― -b5- See also حَكَمَةٌ.

5 تحكّم فِيهِ تحكم فيه تحكم فية He did [or decided ] according to his own judgment, or did what he judged fit, respecting it, or in it: (Msb:) or he had authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting it; (K, TA;) as also فيه ↓ احتكم: (S, K:) each is quasi-pass. of حَكَّمَهُ; the former regular, and the latter irregular: (TA:) or the former signifies he pretended to have authority to judge, &c. (KL.) You say, عَلَىَّ ↓ احتكم فِى مَالِى He had authority over me to judge, &c., respecting my property. (S.) ― -b2- See also 2.

6 تحاكموا اـِلَى الحَاكِمِ تحاكموا الي الحاكم They summoned one another to the judge, [ seeking judgment, (see 3,)] and litigated; as also اـِلَيْهِ ↓ احتكموا. (S, TA.)

8 اـِحْتَكَمَ see 5, in two places: ― -b2- and 6: ― -b3- and 10.

10 استحكم أستحكم استحكم ٱستحكم He (a man) refrained from what would injure him in his religion and his worldly concerns. (Aboo-' Adnán, TA.) ― -b2- Also quasipass. of أَحْكَمَهُ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) as signifying أَتْقَنَهُ; (Msb, K;) [ It was, or became, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, firmly and closely joined or knit together, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well, made or constructed or constituted or established or settled or arranged or done or performed or executed: and, said of a quality or faculty &c., it was, or became, firm, strong, sound, free from defect or imperfection, established, or confirmed: ] and, said of an affair, or a case, it was, or became, in a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing; as also ↓ احتكم. (TA.) ― -b3- استحكم عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The thing, or affair, became confused and dubious to him; syn. اِلْتَبَسَ: so in the A. (TA. [But this seems to require confirmation.])

حُكْمٌ حكم [inf. n. of 1, q. v.,] originally signifies Prevention, or restraint. (Msb.) ― -b2- And hence, (Msb,) Judgment, or judicial decision: (S, Msb, K, TA:) or judgment respecting a thing, that it is such a thing, or is not such a thing, whether it be necessarily connected with another thing, or not: (TA:) [whence,] in logic, [what our logicians term judgment; i. e.] the judging a thing to stand to another [ thing ] in the relation of an attribute to its subject, affirmatively or negatively; or the perception of relation or non-relation: (Kull:) or it properly signifies judgment with equity or justice: (Az, TA:) and ↓ حُكُومَةٌ signifies the same; (K, TA;) originally, accord. to As, the restraint of a man from wrongdoing: (TA:) [each, though an inf. n., being used as a simple subst., has its pl.:] the pl. of the former is أَحْكَامٌ, (K,) [properly a pl. of pauc., but] its only pl. form: and the pl. of the latter is حُكُومَاتٌ. (TA.) You say, وَ يَفْصِلُ ↓ هُوَ يَتَوَلَّى الحُكُومَاتِ الخُصُومَاتِ [ He presides over the affairs of judgment, and decides litigations ]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., اـِنَّ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ لَحُكْمًا meaning Verily, of poetry, there is that which is true judgment: so says Er-Rághib: or, as others say, profitable discourse, such as restrains from, and forbids, ignorant and silly behaviour; i. e., [what contains] exhortations and proverbs profitable to men: or, the right reading is, as some relate it, ↓ لَحِكْمَةً [i. e. wisdom, &c.]: (TA:) or حِكَمًا [pl. of حِكْمَة]. (So in a copy of the “ Jámi' es-Sagheer ” of Es-Suyootee.) ― -b3- [The exercise of judicial authority; jurisdiction; rule; dominion; or government. See also حُكُومَةٌ. ― -b4- An ordinance; a statute; a prescript; an edict; a decree; or a particular law; like قَضَاآءٌ. Hence the phrase حُكْمَ العَادَةِ According to custom or usage; properly, according to the ordinance of custom or usage. ― -b5- A rule in grammar &c.; as when one says, حُكْمُ الفَاعِلِ الرَّفْعُ or أَنْ يُرْفَعَ, i. e. The rule applying to the case of the agent is that it be put in the nom. case; and حُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ كَذَا, or كَحُكْمِ كذا, i. e. The rule applying to it is the same as the rule applying to such a thing, or like the rule applying to such a thing. ― -b6- It may often be rendered Predicament: (thus the last of the foregoing exs. may be rendered Its predicament is the same as the predicament of such a thing, or like the predicament of such a thing: ) and حُكْمًا, or فِى الحُكْمِ, predicamentally, or in respect of predicament; and virtually; as distinguished from لَفْظًا (literally), and حَقِيقَةً (really), and the like.] ― -b7- Also Knowledge of the law in matters of religion. (TA.) ― -b8- See also حِكْمَةٌ, in two places. It is a more general term than حِكْمَةٌ; for all حِكْمَة is حُكْم, but the reverse is not the case. (Er-Rághib, TA.)

حَكَمٌ حكم : see حَاكِمٌ, in two places; and مُحَكِّمٌ. [Hence,] الحَكَمُ [ The Judge ] is one of the names of God. (TA.) ― -b2- A man advanced in age (K, TA) to the utmost degree. (TA.) -A2- See also حَكَمَةٌ.

حِكْمَةٌ حكم حكمه حكمة [properly, or primarily,] signifies What prevents, or restrains, from ignorant behaviour: (Mgh:) [in its most usual sense, which is wisdom, agreeably with explanations here following,] it is derived from حَكَمَةٌ, signifying a certain appertenance of a beast, [a kind of curb,] because it prevents its possessor from having bad dispositions: (Msb:) it means knowledge; or science; (S, K;) as also ↓ حُكْمٌ: (S, TA:) or [generally] knowledge of the true natures of things, and action according to the requirements thereof; and therefore it is divided into intellectual and practical: or a state, or quality, of the intellectual faculty: this is the theological حِكْمَة: in the Kur xxxi. 11, by the حِكْمَة given by God to Lukmán, is meant the evidence of the intellect in accordance with the statutes of the law: (TA:) in the conventional language of the learned, it means the perfecting of the human mind by the acquisition of the speculative sciences, and of the complete faculty of doing excellent deeds, according to the ability possessed: (Bd on the passage of the Kur above mentioned:) or it means the attainment of that which is true, or right, by knowledge and by deed: so that in God it is the knowledge of things, and the origination thereof in the most perfect manner: and, in man, the knowledge and doing of good things: or it means acquaintance with the most excellent of things by the most excellent kind of knowledge: (TA:) [and in the modern language, philosophy: pl. حِكَمٌ:] see حُكْمٌ. ― -b2- Also Equity, or justice, (K, TA,) in judgment or judicial decision; and so ↓ حُكْمٌ. (TA.) ― -b3- And i. q. حِلْمٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. [ Forbearance, or clemency, or] the management of one's soul and temper on the occasion of excitement of anger: which, if correct, is nearly the same as equity or justice. (TA.) ― -b4- And Obedience of God: and knowledge in matters of religion, and the acting agreeably therewith: and understanding: and reverential fear; piety; pious fear; or abstinence from unlawful things: and the doing, or saying, that which is right: and reflection upon what God has commanded, and doing according thereto. (TA.) ― -b5- And [ Knowledge of ] the interpretation of the Kur-án, and saying that which is right in relation to it: so in the Kur ii. 272. (TA.) ― -b6- And The gift of prophecy, or the prophetic office; (K, TA;) and apostleship: so in the Kur ii. 252 and iii. 43 and xxxviii. 19: (TA:) or in the [first and] last of these instances it means ― -b7- The Book of the Psalms [of David]: or, as some say, any saying, or discourse, agreeable with the truth: (Mgh:) and it also means [in other instances] the Book of the Law of Moses: (TA:) and the Gospel: and the Kur-án: (K:) because each of these comprises what is termed الحِكْمَةُ المَنْطُوقُ بِهَا, i. e. the secrets of the sciences of the law and of the course of conduct; and الحِكْمَةُ المَسْكُوتُ عَنْهَا, i. e. the secrets of the science of the Divine Essence. (TA.)

حَكَمَةٌ حكم حكمه حكمة [ A kind of curb for a horse; ] a certain appertenance of a beast; so called because it renders him manageable, or submissive, to the rider, and prevents him from being refractory and the like; (Msb;) or because it prevents him from vehement running: (TA:) it is the appertenance of the لِجَام [or bridle] that surrounds the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw ]: the Arabs used to make it of untanned thong or of hemp; because what they aimed at was courage, not finery: (S:) or the appertenance of the لجام that surrounds the حَنَكَانِ [which word app. here means the two jaws ] of the horse, and in which are [ attached ] the عِذَارَانِ [or two side-pieces of the headstall, that lie against the two cheeks ]: (K:) or a ring which surrounds the مَرْسِن [or part of the nose which is the place of the halter ] and the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw ], of silver or iron or thong: (IDrd in his Book on the Saddle and Bridle:) or a ring which is upon (فى) the mouth of the horse: (ISh, TA:) pl. حَكَمَاتٌ (S, TA) and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ حَكَمٌ. (TA.) Zuheyr says, describing horses, حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ meaning قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ بِحَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ بِحَكَمَاتِ الأَبَقِ [ That had been curbed with curbs of untanned thong, and with curbs of hemp ]: (S, TA:) or, accord. to Abu-l-Hasan, [the meaning is that had been furnished with curbs &c.; for he says that] احكمت is here made trans. because it implies the signification of قُلِّدَتْ: (TA:) some relate the hemistich thus: حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ مَحْكُومَةً [ furnished with curbs of untanned thong, and hemp ]. (S, TA.) ― -b2- (assumed tropical:) The chin of a sheep (S, K) or goat. (S.) ― -b3- And, of a man, (tropical:) The fore part of the face: (K, TA:) or, as some say, the lower part of the face: a metaphorical term from the حَكَمَة of the لِجَام: (TA:) or [in some copies of the K “ and ”] (tropical:) his head: [accord. to the CK, or the fore part of the head of a man:] and (tropical:) his state, or condition: and (tropical:) rank, and station. (K, TA.) You say, رَفَعَ ا@للّٰهُ حَكَمَتَهُ (tropical:) God exalted, or may God exalt, his head, or his state, or condition, and his rank, and station: because the stooping of the head is a characteristic of the low, or abject. (TA.) And لَهُ عِنْدَنَا حَكَمَةٌ (tropical:) He has rank in our estimation. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ عَالِى الحَكَمَةِ (tropical:) [ Such a one is elevated in respect of rank, or station. ] (TA.) -A2- [See also حَاكِمٌ, of which it is a pl.]

حَكِيمٌ حكيم Possessing knowledge or science; [in its most usual sense,] possessing حِكْمَة [as meaning wisdom ]; (S, TA; [see also أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ;]) [ wise; a sage: and in the modern language, a philosopher: and particularly a physician: ] one who performs, or executes, affairs firmly, solidly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; (S, IAth;) so that it is, in this sense, of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) one who executes well, and firmly, solidly, &c., the niceties of arts: (TA:) [pl. حُكَمَاآءُ.] الحَكِيمُ [as meaning The All-wise ] is one of the names of God. (TA.) ― -b2- الذِّكْرُ الحَكِيمُ, applied to the Kur-án, means [ The admonition ] that decides judicially in your favour and against you: or that is rendered free from defect or imperfection; in which is no incongruity, nor any unsoundness. (TA.)

حُكُومَةٌ حكومه حكومة an inf. n. of حَكَمَ [q. v.]: (K:) [and used as a simple subst.; pl. حُكُومَاتٌ:] see حُكْمٌ, in two places. ― -b2- Also [ Judicial authority; authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, فِى أَمْرٍ respecting an affair, or a case; ] a subst. from اِحْتَكَمَ and تَحَكَّمَ; and so ↓ أُحْكُومَةٌ. (K, TA.)

حَاكِمٌ حاكم One who judges, gives judgment, passes sentence, or decides judicially; a judge; an arbiter, arbitrator, or umpire; (S * Msb, K, TA;) between people: (Msb, TA:) [ one who exercises judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government; a ruler, or governor: ] and ↓ حَكَمٌ signifies the same: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) the حَاكِم between people is so called because he restrains from wrongdoing: (As, TA:) the pl. is حُكَّامٌ (Msb, K) and حَكَمَةٌ, meaning judges, [&c.,] (TA,) and حَاكِمُونَ is allowable. (Msb.) It is said in a prov., ↓ فِى بَيْتِهِ يُؤْتَى الحَكَمُ [ In his house the judge is to be come to ]. (S. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 204.]) الحَاكِمُ [as meaning The Supreme Judge ] is one of the names of God. (TA.) See also the next paragraph. -A2- [The pl.] حَكَمَةٌ also signifies Mockers, scoffers, or deriders. (TA. [The ح in this case seems to be a substitute for ه: see art. هكم.]) ↓ أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ [ The most qualified to judge of those who judge: or] the most knowing and most just [ of them ]: (Bd and Jel in xi. 47, where it is applied to God:) or it may mean the wisest of those who possess attributes of wisdom; supposing حَاكِمٌ to be [a possessive epithet] from الحِكْمَةُ, like دَارِعٌ from الدِّرْعُ. (Bd.)

أُحْكُومَةٌ ذ : see حُكُومَةٌ.

مُحْكَمٌ مح محكم [pass. part. n. of أَحْكَمَهُ;] applied to a building [&c.,] Made, or rendered, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, &c.; held to be secure from falling to pieces. (KT.) ― -b2- And hence, A passage, or portion, of the Kur-án of which the meaning is secured (أُحْكِمَ) from change, and alteration, and peculiarization, and interpretation not according to the obvious import, and abrogation. (KT.) And سُورَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ A chapter of the Kur-án not abrogated. (K.) And الاآيَاتُ المُحْكَمَاتُ, [see Kur iii. 5, where it is opposed to اآيَاتٌ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ,] The portion commencing with قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ [Kur vi. 152], to the end of the chapter: or the verses that are rendered free from defect or imperfection, so that the hearer thereof does not need to interpret them otherwise than according to their obvious import; such as the stories of the prophets; (K;) or so that they are preserved from being susceptible of several meanings. (Bd in iii. 5.) And المُحْكَمُ The portion of the Kur-án called المُفَصَّلُ [q. v.]; because nought thereof has been abrogated: or, as some say, what is unequivocal, or unambiguous; because its perspicuity is made free from defect, or imperfection, and it requires nothing else [to explain it]. (TA.)